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Efficient Market Hypothesis: An Exploratory Study of FTSE-100 Stock Market
Get PDFThe weak form of the efficient market hypothesis posits that stock prices reflect all publicly available information in the market but not undisclosed or private information. To empirically validate the weak form of an efficient market hypothesis, ten years of data from 2012 to 2020 was collected for the (FTSE) Financial Times Stock Exchange Group -100 index. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression was used through SPSS software for statistical tests. The regression tests' findings reveal that the beta coefficient's value is greater than or less than 0 for the lag value of t-1, t-2, t-3, t-4, t-5, t-6, t-7, t-8, t-9, and t-10. Since the value of beta coefficients for all lagged returns of t-1 to t-10 periods is not equal to 0, the efficient market hypothesis is rejected. Thus, this invalidates the efficient market hypothesis. Hence, it can be determined that investors can beat the market by analyzing and evaluating past securities or market index trends. Since past trends predict the future, it can be assumed that stocks or indices will perform similarly
Training Method on Job Training Towards Competitive Advantage in Valuable Competence on Small and Medium Industries with Innovation Product as Mediation Variable
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to investigate the effect of training methods on competitive advantage in small and medium-sized industries (SMIs), and their direct effect on innovation. Quantitative research method using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Approach. The direct effect has a t-statistic value of 0.207 which is smaller than the t-table of 1.96. This means that the training method has no significant effect on competitive advantage. The direct effect on innovation has a t-statistic value of 6.542 which is smaller than t - table 1.96. These results indicate that the training style has a significant effect on innovation. The indirect effect on innovation is 0.208. It shows that competitive advantage has no significant effect on innovation. The indirect effect on innovation has a -statistical value of 2,560. proves that Innovation (Z) can mediate the relationship between the influence of training methods on Competitive Advantage and Hypothesis 4 is accepted
The Effect of a Speed Reading Course on the Reading Comprehension of Impulsive vs. Reflective Learners
Get PDFThe goals of Asia TEFL are to promote scholarship, disseminate information, and facilitate cross-cultural understanding among persons concerned with the teaching and learning of English in Asia. In order to accomplish this, Asia TEFL will pursue the following goals: 1. To link ELT professionals in joint research on issues and concerns regarding English teaching and learning in the Asian context. 2. To publish an academic journal, The Asia TEFL Journal, as an internationally recognized journal in the field of English language teaching. 3. To host conferences and seminars addressing important issues concerning ELT in Asia. 4. To develop proficiency guidelines and assessment methods designed for the needs of the Asian context. 5. To develop programs for Asian learners and teachers of English to build their English language proficiency and cultural understanding and provide them with the skills required to be efficient English teaching professionals
Training Needs Analysis for Drivers of Fleet Management Department: Case of Tenaga Nasional Berhad
Get PDFTraining Needs Analysis (TNA) is a systematic process of identifying and evaluating the gap between an individual or a group's current performance and the desired performance levels in order to determine the training and development requirements. It involves gathering and analyzing data to determine the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to perform effectively in a particular role or job. This thesis is a study on TNA for drivers of the Fleet Management Department (FMD): Case of Tenaga Nasional Berhad. The four main areas of this study are current practices of TNA at FMD, stakeholders’ involvement, barriers to TNA, and effects of inadequate TNA and benefits of TNA. The study adopts a qualitative methodology, using both Key Informant Interview and Semi-Structured Interviews. The research population consisted of 11 respondents, comprising one Senior General Manager as the Head of the Department and 10 Fleet Managers as the immediate supervisors to the drivers. The findings revealed that TNA is embedded in FMD’s current Performance Management System and is being conducted annually. The TNA process at FMD is guided by circulars and procedures issued by Human Resources Department. Based on the circular, it is revealed that the method used in TNA at FMD is in accordance with TNA guidelines and is generally accepted by the respondents. However, this research has identified some barriers to the current process that may hinder the success of TNA at FMD. Lack of knowledge in TNA, lack of time and resources, and over-dependency on the current Performance Management System were some of the barriers identified at FMD for an effective TNA implementation. Inadequate TNA can have a range of negative effects on drivers, the department, and its stakeholders. It is therefore important for FMD to conduct a thorough TNA to identify the training needs of their employees and ensure that they receive the necessary training and development opportunities to perform their jobs effectively. This study also shows that there are numerous advantages to TNA. These benefits include optimizing resource utilization through effectively designed training programs, driving drivers’ performance by bridging the skills gap, and increasing organizational performance. The other benefits are driving a competitive edge, aligning training programs with overall organizational aspirations and goals as well as boosting stakeholder confidence. This study would contribute immensely to the concept of TNA by creating a more structured framework to support the guidelines for TNA practitioners in FMD and other departments in TNB as well as other Government Linked Companies to ensure effective implementation of TNA. In addition, this study will contribute to the body of knowledge of TNA in public and private companies in Malaysia generally
Assessing Customer Satisfaction Improvement in the Sport Physiotherapy Industry in Penang, Malaysia
Get PDFThe dissertation aims to look at the elements that influence client loyalty to sports physiotherapy service providers throughout Penang, Malaysia. A mixed research strategy, integrating qualitative and quantitative methodologies, was used. The Expectancy Value Model (EVM) led to the study's aims, which attempted to discover the factors of customer loyalty among athletes needing sports injury rehabilitation
treatments. The study design included a detailed review of peer-reviewed literature to identify evidence-based determinants influencing customer satisfaction. A self-
administered questionnaire was utilized to get data from 101 athletes on characteristics like familiarity with the service provider (FAM), trust (TRST), satisfaction (SAT), as
well as attitudinal loyalty (AL), all of which contribute to customer loyalty (CL). The acquired data was subjected to evaluations of central tendency, correlational analysis,
and hypothesis testing. According to the findings, trust, contentment, and attitudinal loyalty all positively and substantially influenced consumer loyalty. However, familiarity did not. Trust appeared as a critical component, stressing its importance in establishing and maintaining consumer loyalty. Satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty
were critical, emphasizing the importance of individualized and high-quality services in fostering loyalty. The research summary showed the need to take a comprehensive strategy to encourage customer loyalty by concentrating on trustworthiness, athlete happiness, and delivering great emotional experiences. The study's impact size, measured by an R-squared value of 0.419, revealed that the combined influence of the factors made up 41.9% of the variance within customer loyalty. This investigation adds to the sports physiotherapy knowledge by presenting a novel model for analyzing customer loyalty in Penang, Malaysia, also to recommending possibilities for future
studies and consequences for industry stakeholders
The Effectiveness of Monetary Transmission of Commercial Banks on Monetary and Macroeconomic Variables in Pakistan
Get PDFThe central bank in every country uses its monetary policy as an instrument to control inflation, promote output and employment growth, and for overall economic management. This study aims to examine the role of financial intermediaries, i.e., commercial banks of Pakistan, and to determine whether they are effectively playing their expected role in monetary transmission. An extensive literature review revealed that the existing literature on commercial banks is widely divided on the impact and potential of commercial banks in influencing monetary and economic aggregates. A few studies have been conducted in Pakistan on the impact of monetary policy decisions on commercial banks from an aggregate perspective. However, some disaggregated aspects like the sectoral performance of bank loans, heterogeneity among banks and Islamic versus conventional philosophy of banks are the gaps in the literature that warrant research to identify the effectiveness of monetary transmission in Pakistan. As such, the study examines long and short-run relationships between monetary policy and the commercial banks' related variables and between the commercial banks' related variables and macroeconomic variables. The study used monthly and quarterly data with cross-sectional and panel characteristics from 1998 to 2018. The variables include central bank policy rate and the financial market dynamics. Data are collected from the official websites of the State Bank of Pakistan and tested by using econometric techniques. The outcome of the Study reveals that monetary decisions influence commercial banks to some extent. However, these could not influence the economic aggregates significantly. The likely reason may be the underdeveloped financial markets and undocumented economy, which diminish monetary policy influence/impact in Pakistan. In disaggregate analysis of commercial banks, however, certain areas like the sectoral performance of loans, and the Islamic banks contribute significantly to varying effects of monetary policy on Pakistan economy
Impact of Organizational Socialization on Leader-Member Exchange in the Construction Sector of Pakistan
Get PDFThe present study was aimed to explore the direct and indirect impact of organizational socialization on Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) in the construction sector of Pakistan through a mediating and moderating mechanism. By analyzing previous literature on organizational socialization, it was hypothesized that the positive relationship between organizational socialization and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) is mediated by Perceived Social Validation. While on the other hand, the Person-Environment Fit was taken as moderator between the Organizational Socialization and Perceived Social Validation. A sample of new comers working in 27 construction companies located in Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Pakistan was used for the current study. Amos 20.0 software was used to evaluate the data using a structural equation modeling technique which is commonly used in explanatory studies. The results revealed that Organizational Socialization of new comers in construction companies of Pakistan is positively affected their Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) with their supervisors. In addition to this, Perceived Social Validation have a direct and positive affect on LMX, it also mediated the positive relationship of organizational socialization and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX). It was found that person environment fit moderated significantly the positive association between Organizational Socialization and Perceived Social Validation. Furthermore, through socialization process they become familiar with their immediate supervisors and leaders through which they build strong positive leader-member relationships at work. At the same time, however, the organization should provide a clear signal to leaders that risks related to providing increased autonomy and decision latitude to new employees are acknowledged in the organization and that support is available from their leaders reduce these risks to new hires. Further research is needed in the field by iii including more mediators, moderators and with a longitudinal design to explore new findings in the construction sector of Pakistan
Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes and Readiness of Nurses Regarding Patients’ Sexual Health Problems
Get PDFSexual health is fundamental to the physical, psychological and spiritual well-being of a human, couple, and family; it is the social and economic development of modern societies and civilized nations (WHO, 2020). The ability of human sexual health and well-being depends upon their sufficient knowledge, risky sexual behaviors, vulnerability to the adverse consequences, and good quality of sexual health care and beneficial environment; it can promote and sustains human sexual health (WHO, 2020). Sexual health is an international human right; it is the responsibility of the national government to ensure sexual health rights and policies for all individuals, communities and families (Gruskin et al., 2019).The stigmatizing and discriminating attitudes of health care workers need to change to reduce patients refusal to seeking sexual health services (UNAIDS, 2020). The purpose of this review was assessing the Knowledge, attitudes and readiness of nurses regarding
patients’ sexual health problems. The PRISMA guidelines were used for conducting this literature review. The full text articles were searched from Cochrane, Pub-Med, and Cumulative Index to Nursing Allied Health Literature and
Google Scholar. The relevant keywords were used including sexuality, sexual health, nursing students, nurses,
doctors, physicians, consultants, sexual health policies, sexual health training and education, and sexual health
barriers. Knowledge and training, attitudes of healthcare professionals, the corresponding factors included
ineffective communication, social stigma, taboo, gender, culture, inadequate institutional policies, and faculty
role-modelling. The healthcare professionals should respect patients’ sexual health problems. There should be proper training for the nursing teachers and students to deal with sexual health problems. The faculty clinical role modeling should encourage on clinical for students learning regarding patients sexual health problems. The component of patients’ sexual health should be included in the nursing curricula in Pakistan. There should be a longitudinal on patients’ sexual health problems
Factors Affecting the Integration of E-Procurement in the Public Sector of Pakistan with an Emphasis on Combating Corruption
Get PDFThe aim of study to investigates the role of e-procurement technologies to mitigate corruption within the public procurement sector of Pakistan due to which E-procurement can’t be implemented. It examines the factors that contribute to corruption probability in government procurement process. The implementation of E-Procurement, within the public sector represents a significant transformation in the country's governance which serves as a strategic response to enhance transparency, accountability, and efficiency in public procurement processes. In the design of E-procurement adoption, three primary factors were taken into consideration to address obstacles: Monopoly power; Information asymmetry; Transparency and accountability. A survey was distributed to 232 procurement specialists and government suppliers; the approach chosen involves the distribution of a well-structured closed-ended questionnaire to enable quantitative assessment, utilizing a convenience sampling method. Obtained informed consent from participants that ensure participants understand the purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits of the research project and voluntarily agree to participate. The SPSS software was employed to compile the results of multiple regression models. The findings reveal a substantial 76.9% impact of various variables contributing to adaptation of E-procurement. The result indicates that all three-independent variable: Monopoly power, Information asymmetry, transparency & accountability are creating major resistance in implementation of E-procurement in the government organizations which are the major cause of corruption. This research provides valuable insights into enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of resources within the public sector. As one of the few studies on this topic, it serves as a foundational piece of literature that can guide future research and policymaking endeavors in Pakistan's public procurement landscape. Ultimately, the successful implementation of E-Procurement has the potential to transform how public funds are managed, ensuring greater accountability, transparency, and efficiency in public sector operations
Analysis of the Influence of Financial Stability on Accounting Fraud (Farud) and Company Performance Improvement
Get PDFAccounting fraud has grown in various countries, including in Indonesia. The Indonesian Accounting Association or IAI describes accounting fraud as misstatements arising from fraud in financial reporting and misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets. The tendency of accounting fraud has received a lot of public attention as a concern because accounting fraud can cause losses to other parties and provide benefits for the perpetrators. Even in Indonesia, accounting fraud has become a habit from year to year. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of financial stability on the tendency of accounting fraud and increase company performance in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. With the alleged hypothesis that financial stability has a positive effect on accounting tendencies and financial stability has an effect on company performance. The conclusions in this study are: Financial stability has a positive effect on accounting fraud, which means that the more companies that commit accounting fraud, the more unstable the company’s finances will be, where the company will feel disadvantaged and many companies will go bankrupt. 2. Financial stability has a positive effect on company performance, meaning that with good performance and away from fraud, the company will benefit, where many investors will invest but if the company has poor performance, financial stability will also decrease