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ONTOLOGY FOR ETHICAL ISSUES IN SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES BASED ON IBN KHALDUN’S THOUGHTS IN AL-MUQADDIMAH
No full textNumerous social networking sites (SNS) are accessible on the web have made a strong position in the hearts of millions of users and motivating them to interact with others. These sites are subjected to a great deal of theft of personal information, privacy issues and the revelation of everyday activities to unexpected people. Due to the harm caused by unethical users to exploit communication technology, users feel weak and defenseless, leading to anxiety and despair as a result of these immoral behaviours. This research focused to identify the ethical issues in tweets by developing the ontology based on Ibn Khaldun’s thoughts while validating and verifying the semantic relationship. The development of the ontology in this research includes four stages which highly influenced by the Methontology framework and the guideline of a practical guide to building Web Ontology Language (OWL) ontologies using Protege. In the first and second phases of the requirement analysis stage, the document analysis method was performed where the thoughts of Ibn Khaldun from the Muqaddimah book were identified relating to humans and civilisation from his
discourse then followed by expert verification. From these thoughts, the synonym words were identified by searching the Institute of Language and Literature (DBP) online thesaurus, also Google Trends was used to find the integration among Google search queries and data on Twitter. Then, the synonym words were set as a validated hashtag to be searched in collected tweets from Twitter through R-Programming. 1075 public’s tweets were collected and then the sentiment analysis in Parallel Dots was run on the collected tweets identified that 700 of the tweets are positive statements, 229 of the tweets are neutral statements and 146 of the tweets are negative statements. In the third phase of the development and implementation stage, the conceptual and formalisation of the ontology were identified and transformed into machine-readable representations. The Protege OWL Editor version 5.5 was used in building a semantic relationship within the ontology. The fourth phase of the evaluation stage consists of four sub-stages: validation and verification following the selected guideline and criteria for evaluation; SPARQL Protocol and RDF
Query Language (SPARQL) query testing, and user assessment. The interview was conducted with 3 experts to validate the ontology and verify the semantic relationship. In the end-user test, 20 respondents were chosen to complete the questionnaire. The described methodology has successfully developed the ontology consisting of 334 concepts and 1092
instances with a total of 4378 axioms for ethical issues in social networking sites based on Ibn Khaldun’s thoughts. The evaluation results included the positive endorsement and
constructive judgement upon most of the ontology components. Through SPARQL query execution, the ontology model provided correct answers to all 146 competency questions. The ontology also generated a 62% suitable level through user assessment. This developed ontology model can help to provide an understanding of the structure and design of the ontology development of the ethical issues from the negative statements in tweets collected from Twitter and related to Ibn Khaldun’s thoughts as a solution. Further work included the expanded of Ibn Khaldun’s thoughts to a wider dimension of concepts and be extracted to a wider dimension of SNS medium
PRESTASI SEL SIMETRI TERSOKONG ELEKTROLIT SERIA TERDOP SAMARIUM KARBONAT UNTUK SEL FUEL OKSIDA PEPEJAL BERSUHU SEDERHANA
No full textSel fuel oksida pepejal (solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC) merupakan salah satu peranti sel fuel yang berupaya beroperasi pada suhu tinggi. Namun, SOFC bersuhu tinggi mengalami masalah dari segi daya ketahanan apabila beroperasi pada jangka masa
panjang. Selain itu, pemilihan bahan menjadi lebih sukar kerana bahan yang digunakan untuk komponen elektrolit dan anod perlu mempunyai keserasian terma. Antara faktor yang menyumbang kepada peningkatan prestasi elektrokimia sel simetri SOFC adalah keserasian terma di antara komponen anod dan elektrolit. Sehubungan itu, dalam kajian ini bahan anod NiO-SDCC, NiO-SDC dan NiO-Fe telah dipilih untuk dikaji bersama
dengan bahan clektrolit seria terdop samarium karbonat (SDCC) untuk diuji dari segi prestasi elektrokimia ketika beroperasi pada suhu sederhana iaitu 400 °C hingga 600 °C. Kajian dimulakan dengan menyediakan serbuk komposit elektrolit SDCC, anod
NiO-SDCC dan NiO-SDC melalui proses pengisaran bebola bertenaga tinggi manakala serbuk komposit anod NiO-Fe dihasilkan melalui kaedah pembakaran glisina-nitrat.
Pencirian serbuk komposit melibalkan analisis morfologi dan perubahan fasa komposisi kimia dalam serbuk komposit yang telah disediakan. Kemudian, pelet anod dibentuk dengan kaedah penekanan ekapaksi dan disinter pada lima suhu (77) berbeza. Pengaruh T^terhadap mikrostruktur pelet anod dikaji untuk menentukan Fsyang optimum. Proses penurunan dijalankan selanjutnya ke atas semua pelet anod di dalam relau yang mengandungi campuran gas lembap hidrogen dan nitrogen pada suhu penurunan (Tr) 550 °C dan 800 °C. Kesan proses penurunan terhadap bahan-bahan anod turut dikaji
melalui analisis fasa kimia dengan kaedah spektroskopi Raman dan kaedah pembelauan sinar-X (XRD), serta ujian kekonduksian elektrik. Proses fabrikasi sel simetri dimulakan dengan membentuk komponen tersokong elektrolit SDCC melalui kaedah penekanan ekapaksi. Kemudian, kedua-dua belah permukaan komponen elektrolit disapu dakwat anod untuk menghasilkan sel simetri tersokong elektrolit NiO-SDC/SDCC/NiO-SDC dan NiO-Fe/SDCC/NiO-Fe. Proses pensinteran kemudian dijalankan ke atas sel simetri pada suhu 600 °C. Seterusnya, prestasi elektrokimia sel simetri dikaji pada suhu operasi 400 °C sehingga 600 °C dengan menganalisis rintangan tentu luas (area surface resistance, ASR). Analisis mortblogi FESEM pelet anod NiO-SDCC yang disinter pada suhu Ts 600 °C, 700 °C dan 800 °C menunjukkan taburan zarah yang seragam, dan membolehkan gas bahan api mengalir dengan berkesan. Selepas proses penurunan dijalankan ke atas pelet-pelet anod, pelet anod Ni-SDC yang diturunkan pada suhu 7/? 800 °C didapati merekodkan nilai kekonduksian elektrik yang
tinggi iaitu 587.6 S/cm pada suhu operasi 800 °C. Nilai kekonduksian elektrik yang tinggi diperolehi kerana fasa NiO dalam pelet NiO-SDC telah bertukar sepenuhnya kepada fasa logam Ni seperti yang dibuktikan melalui analisis Raman spektroskopi dan XRD. Dalam ujian prestasi elektrokimia pada suhu operasi 600 °C, kedua-dua sel simetri berjaya mencatatkan ASR yang rendah. Namun, sel Ni-Fe/SDCC/Ni-Fe merekodkan ASR terendah iaitu 1.05 Ocm2 berbanding dengan sel Ni-SDC/SDCC/Ni-SDC dengan ASR 20.30 Ocm2. Oleh itu, kajian ini berjaya membuktikan bahan anod NiO-SDC dan NiO-Fe berpotensi digunakan bersama dengan bahan sel simetri
tersokong elektrolit SDCC bagi SOFC bersuhu sederhana
THE EFFECTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION, FOREIGN MARKET KNOWLEDGE AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITY ON EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF MANUFACTURING SMES IN MALAYSIA
No full textSmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) make up the largest business sector in Malaysia. The Malaysian government has implemented various initiatives and measures with the aim of promoting the growth of Malaysian SMEs in the global
arena. Although globalisation has created opportunities for SMEs to use export strategy when competing internationally, Malaysian SMEs still face difficulties when trying to survive in a rapidly changing market. This study intended to examine the
effects of entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic capability, and foreign market knowledge on Malaysian SMEs' export performance, taking into account the international opportunity recognition as a mediating variable. This quantitative study
collected primary data via survey questionnaires. The study sample comprised of Malaysian export-oriented manufacturing SMEs, and 180 valid responses were received. SmartPLS 3.0 was applied to test the hypotheses. Findings show that the
dimension of entrepreneurial orientation, namely market sensing capability is the strongest predictor of SMEs’ export performance. In addition, findings indicate that international opportunity recognition significantly mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, foreign market knowledge, and SMEs’ export performance. The empirical evidence contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic capability, foreign market
knowledge, international opportunity recognition, and SMEs’ export performance that could induce greater attention to this area. The findings can help SME managers to identify critical success factors that can help them improve their export performance. Furthermore, policymakers can take further steps to formulate new policies and action plans to enhance the competitiveness of Malaysian SMEs in the export sector
THE CONCEPT OF ISLAMIC LIFESTYLE FOR MUSLIM TOURISTS
No full textIslamic tourism is an emerging market in tourism industrial with enormous potential but has not been researched in depth for Muslim tourists. Therefore, this research will be based on formulating the problem of how to form a conceptual framework of the Islamic lifestyle for Muslim tourists. This research explores the Islamic tourism lifestyle (ILSMT) from an Islamic perspective through three objectives. The first objective is to identify the concept of ILSMT. The second objective is to analyze the principles and components of ILSMT. The third objective is to establish the conceptual framework of ILSMT. These objectives were achieved through an exploratory
qualitative study that identified elements for the concept of ILSMT from an Islamic perspective. Content analysis was used to extract documents and textual sources related to the Islamic lifestyle through a rigorous literature review. This framework
was validated through a focus group validation. The expert group participants comprised of academics, Islamic religious councils at the state and national levels, and
the tourism industry. The findings of the study reveal the Conceptual Framework of ILSMT. The four core concepts of ILSMT, namely Islamic Tasawwur, Islamic religiosity (Ad-din Al-Islam), Islamic life {Ad-din Lil-Waq'f) and Islamic consumption.
This study shows the components of ILSMT, which will be the basis for the formation of monotheism in the personality of Muslim tourists, the concept of compliance with
what is allowed and what is forbidden by Allah SWT. This research will allow Muslim tourists to measure various measures in setting the unit of analysis of the study
TOWARDS SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ENDOWMENT AND WAQF FUNDING OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (HEIS) CASE STUDIES OF SELECTED MALAYSIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
No full textThis study aims to examine the applications and elements towards successful implementation of endowment and waqf in funding Malaysian public universities. Employing empirical research, several relevant theories were investigated, such as the theory of sources of funding for the Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs), the theory of endowment and vvwy/'as sources of funding for the HEIs, and the theory of successful
elements of endowment and woq/'at the HEIs. This study was conducted qualitatively using the interview method and library research. The interviews were conducted with the representatives of the selected Malaysian public universities, such as Universiti Malaya (UM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), which represented the endowment fund, while Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), and Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) represented w-wy/Tund. The data obtained from the interviews were analysed thematically using the Atlas.ti software. Generally, the application of endowment at the selected public universities in this study varies, which could be either through the establishment of chairs or under a specific endowment unit. The application of waqf was made under the dedicated vrag/'unit, which obtained permission from the respective Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN). A detailed discussion on the application of these funds at all selected public universities is presented in Chapter 5. It was found that several elements could
contribute to a successful implementation of endowment and waqf at the selected public universities, namely I) superior investment committees, 2) highly-skilled investment managers, 3) alumni networks, 4) diversity of income sources, and 5) effective fundraising. Besides these elements, another important element found in this study was a volunteer. The involvement of volunteers in the management of endowment and waqf'al the selected public universities was important due to their ability to assist in the promotion and safeguarding of nay/ and the endowed property. A detailed discussion about all these elements that could lead to the successful implementation of the funds is presented in Chapter 6
DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE FLIPPED MODULE FOR TITAS LECTURES AT A HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTION
No full textThe development of a constructivist mobile flipped learning module plays an important role in a technological-based learning environment in Malaysia. To implement a flipped leaning approach, constructivist becomes an important character as it poses active learning features and focuses on a student-centred methodology. This study aims to develop a comprehensive module to guide lecturers in implementing a mobile flipped learning approach by integrating a zapcode as a teaching tool. A design-based research design was applied whereby 30 participants from a higher learning institution in Sepang, Selangor were randomly selected to be involved in the implementation and usability phase using a Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) questionnaire to obtain feedback on the module’s usability. This research also employed a semi structured interview session with selected experts and respondents, while an
Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA) procedure was used to obtain experts’ validation of the module developed. The findings show that a null hypothesis of the population mean difference that equals to 0 at the .05 level is rejected. This
concludes that there is an improvement to the lecturers’ performance, effort, attitude, social, and behaviour after the implementation of the Mobile Flipped Learning (MFL) Module. The findings reveal that the implementation of the MFL Module has a positive impact on lecturers specifically in teaching the subject of Tamadun Islam dan Tamadun Asia (TITAS) as it becomes one of the compulsory subjects for higher learning institution’s students in Malaysia. The design and development of the MFL module is usable among lecturers and gives a new insight to integrate technological tools into their teaching plan. Apart from that, it also provides an option to their daily teaching practices and relevant to be implemented in that learning environment. Besides that, lecturers were satisfied with the training arranged for them before implementing the MFL module. However, further
research can be performed to explore and evaluate the module, whether it contributes to a positive long-term effect to the teaching practices especially in adapting the flipped learning methodology
BIFUNCTIONAL Bi2O3/ZrO2 CATALYSTS FOR SYNTHESIS OF THIRD GENERATION BIODIESEL FROM NANNOCHLOROPSIS SP. LIPID
No full textMicroalgae as third generation biofuel have been found to simplify the shortcomings experienced by its predecessors. However, high free fatty acid content represents the major limitation which requires the microalgae lipid to undergo a two-step process to produce biodiesel. As an alternative, in this study, bifunctional Bi2O3/ZrO2 catalysts were developed for simultaneous esterification–transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. lipid to biodiesel. First, ZrO2 was synthesized using precipitation, sol-gel, hydrothermal and surfactant assisted hydrothermal methods, dried at 120 °C and calcined at 500 °C. The selected ZrO2 was further impregnated with 5–15 wt.% Bi2O3 loadings using incipient wetness impregnation method, dried at 120 °C followed by calcination at 500 °C. All catalysts were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, N2 physisorption, temperature-programed desorption of NH3 and CO2 analyses and field emission scanning electron microscopy to determine their physicochemical properties. It was found that ZrO2 synthesized by surfactant assisted hydrothermal method produced higher composition of t-ZrO2 (62%) and surface area (69 m2/g) with better acidic (0.289 mmol/g) and basic (2.945 mmol/g) properties of the catalyst as compared to the other preparation methods. Impregnation of the ZrO2 with Bi2O3 improved the acidic and basic properties of the catalysts, whereas, reduced the composition of t-ZrO2 and surface area of the catalysts. From the optimization of the surface area of the catalyst using nonionic Pluronic P123 and cationic CTAB surfactants via response surface methodology coupled with central composite design (RSMCCD), it was found that 5Bi2O3/ZrO2 (CTAB) catalyst resulted in t-ZrO2 composition of 78.4%, surface area of 157 m2/g, and total acidic and basic sites of 17.38 and 4.36 mmol/g, respectively. The catalysts were tested for biodiesel production using 134:1 methanol: lipid ratio and 10 wt.% catalyst loading at 70 °C for 4 h. The highest fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 73.2% was achieved using 5Bi2O3/ZrO2 (CTAB) catalyst. The success of the catalytic activity showed by 5Bi2O3/ZrO2 (CTAB) catalyst is a result of synergistic role between large surface area, high composition of t-ZrO2 and sufficient acidic and basic properties. The 5Bi2O3/ZrO2 (CTAB) catalyst was used in the determination of optimum reaction conditions to produce biodiesel using RSMCCD. The results were validated by experimental at 107:1 methanol: lipid ratio using 15 wt.% catalyst loading at 77 °C for 4 h. Under these conditions, the experimental FAME yield obtained was 75.56%. The process obeyed pseudo-first order kinetics with calculated rate constant of 9.2 x 10-3 and activation energy of 90.71 kJ/mol. Several properties of microalgae biodiesel comply with the ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards including cetane number, iodine value and total glycerol content. The catalyst can be effectively used for three times and sustained the activity to produce FAME between 75.56 and 69.16%