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Privileging Power: Early Childhood Educators, Teachers, and Racial Socialization in Full-Day Kindergarten
No full textThis paper critically unpacks the racialized and gendered hierarchies between the co-teaching model of early childhood educators (ECEs) and Ontario certified teachers (OCTs) in full-day kindergarten (FDK), and how such positionalities speak to racial socialization in early learning spaces. While young children and early learning spaces are often portrayed as raceless, ahistorical, and apolitical, extant literature suggests that children as young as two years of age are aware of visible and cultural differences between themselves and other groups. The paper employs a reconceptualist framework by drawing on critical race theory to explorehow racialized power relations between ECEs and teachers inform hierarchies of dominance and impact processes of racial socialization in FDK learning spaces. While both professions are predominantly feminized, the overwhelming majority of teachers in Ontario are white and middle class, whereas ECEs in FDK programs are more likely to be racialized and marginalized due to low wages and diminished professional status as care workers rather than educators. Although there has been great emphasis on the importance of diversifying the teacher workforce, there is minimal study on the impact of the hierarchies and racialized power relations between ECEs and OCTs and their impact on racial socialization in FDK programs. This conceptual paper seeks to address this gap
Can I Share Your Ideas With the World? Young Children’s Consent in the Research Process
No full textUtilizing the four features of informed consent from the guiding document Ethical Research Involving Children, the article illustrates how the informed consent process was carried out with young children from the initial planning stages through the ongoing research’s focused conversations. Specifically, the questions of what would be needed to acquire informed consent from the children and what assurances could there be that young children understood the research and how its results would be disseminated are addressed. The article concludes with suggestions for what other researchers might consider and include in their local contexts.
 
COVID-19 and Childcare in Canada: A Tale of Ten Provinces and Three Territories
No full textThis paper examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave on Canadian childcare. Using results from 8,300 responses to a Canadawide survey of centres and regulated family childcare, it illustrates how limited public funding and reliance on parent fees made childcare unsustainable when services closed. The lack of public funding created financial stress and uncertainty about the future among centres Canada wide, including in provinces offering more robust support. The paper concludes by considering how dynamics set in motion by the pandemic shaped political developments and may ultimately contribute to the transformation of Canadian childcare to a publicly funded systemic approach
Letter of Introduction
No full textManaging Editor Michael J. Carpenter introduces the fifth issue of the journal
The Dutch–German Border: Open in Times of Coronavirus Lockdowns
No full textThis essay portrays policies, practices and perceptions at the Dutch– German border during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Before that this border was considered one of the most open borders in the world. The first part of the essay deals with the waves of policies and other initiatives aimed at limiting cross-border traffic that have been introduced since March 2020 trying to curb the pandemic. The second part illustrates to what extent these policies might have had an effect on citizens’ cross-border practices and perception of the borde
Fotolimo: A Festival that Borders on all Images
No full textIn this BIG_Review exclusive for the special section Art & Borders, Christian Gattinoni highlights a conference given during the FOTOLIMO festival. Located on the French- Catalan border, the festival boasts “the mission to add energy to reflect on the concept of border through the image, in a critical cross-border perspective” 
Collecting baseline ecological data to inform future restoration at Minnekhada Farm within Minnekhada Regional Park, Coquitlam, BC ER
No full textMinnekhada Regional Park is an ecologically-diverse conservation area managed by Metro Vancouver in northeast Coquitlam, British Columbia. Minnekhada Regional Park boasts habitat features such as coastal forests, wetlands, rocky outcrops, and historical farmland. Approximately 22% (115 acres) of Minnekhada Regional Park is comprised by the historical Minnekhada Farm (the Farm), and area presently restricted to public access and managed by Metro Vancouver in a limited capacity. The Farm largely exhibits former grazing and equestrian fields and is stilloccupied by structures such as farmhouses, barns, and sheds. This ecological research project has sought to collect baseline ecological data from a 0.4 km2 portion of the Farm (the Site) in the hopes that this data will inform future restoration projects to enhance the ecological value of the Farm. This research was conducted with permission from Metro Vancouver under an authorized research permit. Over the course of six months and more than 35 fieldwork hours, data collection at the Site was completed with the assistance of 12 volunteers. Ecological Site data findings showed that the Site exhibits sixteen vegetation polygons vegetation is comprised largely of three species: reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) (64%), hardhack(Spiraea douglasii) (22%), and cutleaf blackberry (Rubus laciniatus) (13%). Soil test pits revealed mottling and a shallow clay layer (under dense reed canarygrass and cutleaf blackberry root systems) at depths ranging from 5 cm to 50 cm. The Site demonstrated varying water retention functions during periods of saturation following rainfall, resulting in flooding and drainage ditches exceeding capacity and overflowing. Existing on-site habitat features include fruit-bearing trees, dense shrubs and open space for wildlife as a corridor or resting area. No coarse woody debris (CWD) nor large boulders or rocks were identified present at the Site, which may contribute to low amphibian, reptile, and small mammal presence. Western toad (Anaxyrus boreas), American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), and green frog (Rana clamitans) were all observed on-site. While thirty-three (33) birds were identified at or near the Site, only four (4) species were observed to utilize the main grassy portion of the Site: common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), great blue heron (Ardea herodias), white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys), and Anna’s hummingbird (Calypte anna). Wildlife camera footage (“WL0?”), plus Metro Vancouver’s wildlife camera data from ?0??, ?0??, and ?0?? (“MN0?”) showed that American black bear (Ursus americanus) and deer (Odocoileus hemionus) are active year-round at the Site. It is recommended that future ecological restoration measures at the Site include management of invasive species such as reed canarygrass and cutleaf blackberry, increase of plant diversity through the installation of carefully selected native tree, shrub, and herb vegetation, and creation of habitat enhancement features such as coarse woody debris, rock piles/boulders, and side-channel or ephemeral pond habitat. Two (2) potential Restoration Plans are proposed with sample planting prescriptions. These Plans complement ten (10) additional recommendations based on research findings. Plan A, a short-term plan, is designed to be flexible and allow small sections of the Site to be restored over several years as resources such as budgets and labour become available. Plan A is also designed to accommodate volunteer involvement and implementation with guidance or professional direction. Plan B, a long-term plan, is designed to implement more extensive changes to the Site by building upon the methods of Plan A and creating additional ponds, pools, and channels through the Site to increase the Site’s capacity to retain water and reduce regular flooding onto nearby roads
TOWARD QUEER POTENTIALITIES IN CHILD AND YOUTH CARE
No full textArguably, from the invention of adolescence at the beginning of the 20th century, developmental theory has served as the foundation of disciplinary study and professional practice with children and youth across the global West. Despite their founders’ assertions that development is culturally constructed, in educational and youth work practice contexts stage-based trajectories of normative human growth are largely erroneously accepted as ahistorical, apolitical, naturally occurring, and universally applicable. This paper presents critiques of developmentalism from historical, reconceptualist, and queer perspectives, calling into question the underlying principles of normalcy and abnormality that run through the developmental project. We pay particular attention to the potential of queer theory as an analytic to deconstruct developmentalism in the context of child and youth care, opening new possibilities for critical engagement with children and youth outside the context of development
Indigenous Rights and Canadian Wrongs: British Columbia\u27s Bill 41 and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
No full textBritish Columbia\u27s Bill 41 — 2019: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act represents the first provincial attempt at implementing the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). While a laudable legislative achievement, the passage of Bill 41 is juxtaposed against past and present settler-colonialism in Canada. This essay explores Bill 41 by looking at Canada\u27s historical relationship to UNDRIP, the potential for implementation at the provincial level, and the roadblocks that may lay ahead