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Breaking Down the London Wall: Literary Representations of Transportation Into and Out of London’s Core
No full textImminent or Implausible? The (Im)possibilities of Universal Childcare Within Canadian Federalism
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Hostile Streets: Designing for Inclusive Public Space
Get PDFThis paper is an intervention in the dehumanization of unhoused persons. I examine the intersection of urban design, public space, and homelessness through the lens of infrahumanization. Informed by a literature review and media scan, this paper questions whether unhoused people are considered valued human members of the public in urban design decision-making processes in the city of Toronto, Canada. This study raises new questions about the possibilities of human-centred design that might address the exclusionary consequences of hostile design practices and disrupt the infrahumanization of unhoused persons as devalued outcasts of the city
Progressive Conservative ratification of Ontario Health
Get PDFThe ratification of Bill 74, titled “The People’s Health Care Act,” centralizes provincial responsibility for healthcare into a consolidated Ontario Health agency (Ontario Health), which contains a multitude of regional and provincial services. The objective of this essay is to elucidate how the consolidation of Ontario’s regional and provincial health services hinders positive progression. The centralization of health services fails to ameliorate the province’s complex and interconnected healthcare system. The current Progressive Conservative administration, under Premier Doug Ford, is critically analyzed according to dominant ideologies, theories, and methods. The essay seeks to contextualize and explain the decisions of the elected party with respect to apparent health reforms. Previous attempts to consolidate health care within Canada are also discussed, including an in-depth analysis of Ontario's Local Health Integration Networks (LHINs). Consequentially, the formation of the Ontario Health agency fails to advance the province in a meaningful and efficient way toward an interconnected healthcare system. The research for this essay was based on academic papers and on media sources. While acknowledging the need for reforms to Ontario’s healthcare system, the author opposes the ratification of Bill 74
Sticks and stones: The psychological effects of corporal punishment on children
No full textSociety’s approach to corporal punishment varies dramatically. Some people firmly believe that physically disciplining children leads to damaging results later in life: detrimental effects on mental health, cognitive development, aggression, reclusiveness, and anti-social behaviours. Others view physical punishment as an effective deterrent for undesirable behaviour. This project explores the psychological impact of corporal punishment on children. The author conducted an in-depth literature review of previous research and found both short-term and long-term detrimental effects on young children and on adolescents. The author concludes that corporal punishment is psychologically damaging for children and adolescents, a result that has implications for parenting practices
How Can We Improve Canada’s Public Health System?
Get PDFThis paper aims to explore the issues within the Canadian public health system and suggest effective policy changes to address them. It will focus primarily on inequality and various shortcomings of the healthcare system that create and exacerbate health disparities. Through reviewing scholarly articles about the Canadian healthcare system, I found that it is built mainly for emergency physical care, but it does not efficiently treat chronic diseases or provide less urgent services such as dental care, nor does it consider the social determinants of health (SDOH). Much of the care citizens do receive is unnecessary or ineffective, and many people experience difficulty accessing care to begin with, especially rural and Indigenous Canadians. To improve Canada's public health system, lawmakers should implement policies that focus on increasing the effectiveness of spending, improving the comprehensiveness of care, and including SDOH to improve health equity, especially for Indigenous Canadians. I investigated strategies implemented in Canadian, foreign, and small-scale health systems to determine which methods work best to accomplish these goals. This is increasingly important as the prevalence of chronic diseases rises, especially in racialized and marginalized communities, and as the racial prejudices built into Canada’s socioeconomic system come to light in the current health and sociopolitical climate
WHO’s ready for the next flu pandemic? Global governance of influenza pandemic preparedness
Get PDFIn an increasingly interconnected world, viruses can spread faster and farther than ever before. Sometimes the spread of disease reaches pandemic levels, as has occurred with influenza. Pandemic preparedness is the means through which nations prepare for the population-level threat of infectious disease. National preparedness is not enough to counter a rapidly evolving virus like influenza; global coordination is needed. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) role has been to lead this coordinated effort. How has the WHO used governance to address global influenza pandemic preparedness? This paper first explores the regulations and recommendations the WHO has developed for global influenza pandemic preparedness, the International Health Regulations (IHR) and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework. Next, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic is used as a case study. Occurring chronologically in between the adoption of the IHR and PIP Framework, H1N1 revealed the shortcomings of the former and need for the latter. The governance challenges of influenza pandemic preparedness are discussed, including the limitations of the WHO’s approach. It was found that the pre-H1N1 approach was not well-suited for low-income countries, where health systems could not easily meet the IHR obligations established by the WHO. The more recent PIP Framework is non-binding, which risks stakeholders not following through with commitments should another influenza pandemic occur. Recommendations are made to improve the strategy of the WHO, including changes to governance, scope, funding, and enforcement. Pandemic influenza is an ongoing challenge for global health governance and the WHO has made progress in addressing this threat