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Eat dementia away!
Get PDFNutrition has only recently been studied for its protective role in cognition. In order to find which nutrients are the key players for maintaining optimal mental health, a thorough bibliographic review of recent literature was conducted. Water, some fats (n-3 PUFAs), vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols were shown to play an essential role, mainly due to their role in brain development, their participation in neural mechanisms, and their antioxidant properties. The Mediterranean Diet is rich in these elements and is better for the brain than diets with high sugar and saturated fat
How Photography Shaped the Portrayals of Japanese Women in Late 19th- and Early 20th-Century Japan
Get PDFJapanese photography, in the new capitalist consumer age of visual media, places women in the role of consumer or site of commodification—objectified as a commodity for monetary gain. While late 19th-century photographs of Japanese women portrayed them mainly in subordinate roles as sites of commodification, it can be argued that photography at the turn of the century introduced women in more dominant roles—as consumers with purchasing power in new forms of visual media, controversial images, and advertisements. This article investigates the history of photography in Japan and its visual representation of women in early media, artistic photography, journalism, and advertisements. By exploring various themes, historical events, and artistic/political movements in late 19th- and early 20th-century Japan, I observe some clear trends and shifts in how women came to be represented, as well as how they chose to represent themselves. Photographs, articles, and a case study of a popular Japanese women’s magazine, Fujin Gahō, reveal how Japanese women were at times a symbol of modernity that challenged old ideas, but also served to promote the traditional image and expectations of Japanese women
Autism and metacognition
No full textThis paper explores the link between metacognition—thinking about thinking, or the awareness of one’s own mental states—and mindreading—the ability to interpret the mental states of others—in people with an autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this research is to understand how well autistic children can understand their own minds, as well as the minds of others. Findings from numerous experiments suggest that people on the autism spectrum have difficulty interpreting others, but metacognitive abilities are intact. Although mindreading is a challenge, theory of mind is unimpaired; they can understand their own mental life, judge accurately, and use feedback to correct mistakes. The finding that theory of mind remains unimpaired in people with autism is significant. Understanding the way autistic-like traits interfere with metacognition and mindreading abilities broadens therapy alternatives for people with autism
Reconsidering citizenship: Canada’s policy approach to migrants with disabilities
Get PDFUnder the Live-In Caregiver Program, Karen Talosig, a Filipino caregiver, applied for permanent residency in Canada for herself and her daughter. Her daughter was initially unable to join her because the daughter was deemed “medically inadmissible” due to her profound deafness. The purpose of examining Talosig’s case is to illustrate how Canada’s medical inadmissibility clause unfairly targets migrants with disabilities in what is supposed to be a diverse and inclusive society. I investigate how Canadian domestic law contradicts its international legal obligations and how the economic interests of a state can be used to justify closed borders. Canada has an obligation to migrants with disabilities and should consider the economic contribution temporary foreign workers have made to the country. Although Talosig lacked formal citizenship, she carved a space for herself in Canada and constructed an informal sense of belonging as she worked as a caregiver and took on three additional jobs over seven years. Understanding Canada’s obligations to migrants with disabilities and temporary foreign workers is assessed through economic, legal, and social justifications. The goal of this study is to provide various recommendations for the Canadian government on how it can alter current policies in order to uphold multiculturalism, diversity, and inclusion in the country
Life microinsurance as a risk-coping mechanism for Canadian households
Get PDFEvery household encounters some unexpected costly event at some point in time. The death of a family member seriously affects the household’s finances. Not only are funerals expensive but also, if the deceased individual contributed to the family’s total income, the family needs to reallocate its resources to deal with that shock. Many times, even when family members use all their savings, it is not enough to cover the full cost and they must look elsewhere. Having insurance could be an enormous help to families and would not put them in a situation where they use all their savings. Unfortunately, even with an established insurance culture, not everyone is able to afford insurance. Life microinsurance has been used in many developing countries to help low-income individuals deal with such unexpected events. However, there is little knowledge of whether and how microinsurance can be used in the context of a developed country like Canada. To address this knowledge gap, the Risk and Insurance Studies Centre (RISC) at York University collected data to assess the risks faced by low-income individuals in Canada and their risk management strategies. These data would help identify the potential market for microinsurance and help design an insurance product to meet the needs of Canadians. This paper looks at how life microinsurance can be used as a risk-coping mechanism for Canadian households. Life microinsurance has the potential to be successful in Canada. As long as Canadians are willing to pay the proposed premiums for the product and do not have negative attitudes toward insurance, it would be profitable. Due to the fact that life microinsurance is relatively easy to provide, it could be an opportunity to transfer any successful approaches to other lines of business
The psychological effects of bullying on students
No full textBullying is a significant problem because of its prevalent and its serious psychological effects on victims (Hertz et al., 2013). Bullying is an action of repetitive, unwanted, aggressive behaviour that includes physical actions such as hitting, kicking, or spitting, and verbal actions such as threatening, name-calling, teasing, or spreading rumors (Gan et al., 2014). This paper focuses on traditional bullying rather than on cyberbullying. Because bullying is common among school- age children and has serious effects, it is a public health concern and needs the attention of educators, policy makers, and health care providers (Bradley, 2013). Annually, 20–56% of young people are involved in bullying either as a victim, a perpetrator, or both (Hertz et al., 2013). A World Health Organization study places Canada sixth out of 38 countries for high rates of bullying, while the Canadian Institutes of Health Research report that one in three adolescents is bullied (Bradley, 2013). This paper concludes that victims of traditional bullying in schools are more likely to experience psychological issues such as social anxiety, low self-esteem, depression, and suicidal ideation than those who are not bullied
An urban, ecological site analysis of Earl Bales Park
No full textThis paper is part fieldwork, part storytelling, and part research and application of urban ecology theory in an actual physical space. The textbook Urban Ecology (2014), by Richard T.T. Forman, provides the backbone of urban ecological theory for this research. I expanded on Forman’s concepts by synthesizing environmental history work, local historical texts and maps, policy documents, contemporary news, and development documents. I've attempted to tell a story that merges local history, natural science, social science, and urban ecology as a whole, through my research and my own photographs from my field visits. I've outlined where and when the park lies in space and time, creating a geological and hydrological context. Using this, I hoped to create a timeline and ultimately better understanding of what and why the park is the way it is today—a conglomeration of multiple uses for Toronto's citizens. I narrowed in on an important concept in the field of urban ecology—balancing human urban development and managing ecological sustainability with regard to land use. My research and field work note a future development encroaching on the park lands, which will be a possible point of future research. This development could offer data points for a study of the effect of human densification in nearby urban park ecosystems. I also looked at the strengthening of a popular urban ecology element—wildlife corridors—and concluded that this park is a prime candidate for their implementation
Indigenous conservation in Canada: How Indigenous-led conservation is an alternative model for Canada
No full textThis literature-based paper will examine the state of Indigenous-led conservation in the context of conservation in Canada, historically and presently, and how Indigenous-led conservation philosophies differ from Canada’s conservation philosophies. The results demonstrate that Indigenous-led conservation is a healthier and more sustainable conservation model than Canada’s, which privileges scientific methodologies and ideologies. In particular, Indigenous-led conservation models focus more centrally on the interconnected systems of land and water, as well as nature and people. Still, the model is not solely a holistic model that excludes scientific methods. Further, Indigenous-led conservation models ultimately support and build reconciliation between non-Indigenous and Indigenous Peoples. I will close by exploring three successful examples that will illustrate the feasibility and efficacy of Indigenous-led conservation
Legalizing MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Trauma-Related Mental Health Disorders
Get PDF3, 4–methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or MDMA as it is commonly known, is classified as a “Schedule 1” substance in Canada and the United States. For decades, the compound has been shrouded by the stigma of being a dangerous party drug thought to kill brain cells and be severely addictive. However, when it was originally discovered, it was experimentally used in clinical settings as an adjunct to therapy. This idea is now resurfacing as researchers are turning back to MDMA as an innovative way to treat trauma-related mental health disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder. Considering the limitations of existing treatments for trauma-related disorders, MDMA’s pharmacological and psychological effects, and the growing body of methodologically sound research on MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, legalizing this type of therapy could provide much-needed relief to people struggling with the severe, painful, lifelong effects of trauma and related psychological disorders
Performing Indigenous nationhood: The use of embodied knowledge in resistance and resurgence
Get PDFIn a settler colonial dominated society, Indigenous people’s embodied potential for resistance to erasure and the resurgence (revitalization) of their nations lie in their world views. It is imperative to understand that (1) Indigeneity is a way of life that is active, lived, and relational, endlessly signified through Indigenous place-based ecological philosophies, (2) these worldviews are incompatible with a Eurocentric capitalist worldview, and (3) as such, these worldviews have been disparagingly portrayed as primitive and targeted for erasure. This essay centralizes the Indigenous body as a source of agency (capacity to act) and argues that gestural vocabulary, as embodied archives of Indigenous Knowledge, are political tools of resistance and resurgence as they counter colonial portrayals of Indigenous peoples, repatriate ancestral Indigenous Knowledge to the present, and (re)assert relationality to place. The first part of this exploration establishes the centrality of embodiment to Indigenous worldviews and provides examples to demonstrate how performance is used as a method of teaching and of realizing spiritual, social, legal, and political obligations. The second part focuses on the imperative of recentering ancestral knowledges in one’s Indigenous being in order to be politically resistant and resurgent. Finally, through Martineau and Ritskes’ use of “decolonial aesthetics,” three examples of contemporary Indigenous performers—Sam Mitchell, Neil Morris, a.k.a DRMNGNOW, and sister duo Piqsiq—are analyzed to illustrate how performance is used as a way to re-ancestralize the present, assert Indigenous political difference, and envision possibilities of Indigenous futurities outside the confines of the settler state