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Le proposte di Regolamento UE sul Certificato COVID digitale UE tra tutela della salute, libertà di circolazione e protezione dei dati personali
Get PDFThe article analyses the most relevant aspects of the proposal for a regulation on the EU Digital COVID Certificate. Firstly, it describes the framework for the issuance, verification and acceptance of interoperable certificates on vaccination, testing and recovery. Then, the article focuses on three main aspects: (1) the role of the system of the EU Digital COVID Certificate with respect to the exercise of freedom of movement within the EU; (2) the intersections between certification, scientific knowledge and restrictions on freedom of movement adopted by the Member States; (3) data processing related to the certificates’ systemsThe article analyses the most relevant aspects of the proposal for a regulation on the EU Digital COVID Certificate. Firstly, it describes the framework for the issuance, verification and acceptance of interoperable certificates on vaccination, testing and recovery. Then, the article focuses on three main aspects: (1) the role of the system of the EU Digital COVID Certificate with respect to the exercise of freedom of movement within the EU; (2) the intersections between certification, scientific knowledge and restrictions on freedom of movement adopted by the Member States; (3) data processing related to the certificates’ system
La sperimentazione animale in Europa: l’incidenza della Direttiva 2010/63 UE tra gli Stati membri e il suo ruolo nello sviluppo del vaccino anti Covid-19
Get PDFThe article wishes to analyze the impact of the Directive 2010/63 in the EU related to animal welfare, taking also into account the actual question about Covid-19 vaccines. The Directive aims to develop animal welfare and to harmonize states legislation in this field. For this purpose, the European Union encourages States to develop new research methods in order to replace and reduce the use of animals or, at least, to refine methods in which they should be used. Many states have correctly implemented the Directive, but some still are under the infraction procedures by the European Commission; for instance, Italy, due its more restrictive measures.The article wishes to analyze the impact of the Directive 2010/63 in the EU related to animal welfare, taking also into account the actual question about Covid-19 vaccines. The Directive aims to develop animal welfare and to harmonize states legislation in this field. For this purpose, the European Union encourages States to develop new research methods in order to replace and reduce the use of animals or, at least, to refine methods in which they should be used. Many states have correctly implemented the Directive, but some still are under the infraction procedures by the European Commission; for instance, Italy, due its more restrictive measures
Ultimi approdi della Corte costituzionale in tema di gestazione per altri (ovvero, cosa accade se il diritto tradisce il fatto)
Get PDFThis paper aims to address the latest issues in the social parenting and surrogacy area, looking at the most recent developments of the case law of the Court of Cassazione and the Constitutional Court.This paper aims to address the latest issues in the social parenting and surrogacy area, looking at the most recent developments of the case law of the Court of Cassazione and the Constitutional Court
Albania, the Right-to-not be Treated, and COVID-19
No full textThis paper studies the right-to-not be treated in conjunction with the Albanian legislation during the time of a pandemic situation. Although the current Albanian legislation might consider withholding or withdrawing treatment from an unconscious patient as a criminal offense, in the existing pandemic situation, the application of the ethical principle of justice concludes in the key result of not punishing physicians. Therefore, in these cases even in the absence of specific rules governing end-of-life decisions, physicians should not be liable for criminal offenses.This paper studies the right-to-not be treated in conjunction with the Albanian legislation during the time of a pandemic situation. Although the current Albanian legislation might consider withholding or withdrawing treatment from an unconscious patient as a criminal offense, in the existing pandemic situation, the application of the ethical principle of justice concludes in the key result of not punishing physicians. Therefore, in these cases even in the absence of specific rules governing end-of-life decisions, physicians should not be liable for criminal offenses
Culture and context: Why the global discourse on heritable genome editing should be broadened from the South African perspective
No full textThe global discourse on heritable genome editing is dominated by Western perspectives. A broadening of this discourse is advocated. A South African perspective on heritable genome editing is provided, focusing on differences in culture and context, which illustrates the need for a governance approach to heritable genome editing that is distinctly less restrictive. This, it is argued, is because categorical claims about the morality of heritable genome editing that are routinely expressed as worthy of being aspects of the global governance framework lack a recognition of differences in culture and context between different countries, and hence constitute ethical imperialism.The global discourse on heritable genome editing is dominated by Western perspectives. A broadening of this discourse is advocated. A South African perspective on heritable genome editing is provided, focusing on differences in culture and context, which illustrates the need for a governance approach to heritable genome editing that is distinctly less restrictive. This, it is argued, is because categorical claims about the morality of heritable genome editing that are routinely expressed as worthy of being aspects of the global governance framework lack a recognition of differences in culture and context between different countries, and hence constitute ethical imperialism
Quando un filosofo si dà alla politica: Rosmini nel biennio 1848-1849
No full textWhich consequences did Rosmini’s mission to Rome in 1848, described in the first part of his La missione a Roma, produce on the important events concerning him in 1848-49, as related in the second part of this work? Actually, he mentions only his appointment as cardinal, without specifying further consequences. This paper aims at illustrating that a careful reading of La missione a Roma can decisively help to highlight this subject Which consequences did Rosmini’s mission to Rome in 1848, described in the first part of his La missione a Roma, produce on the important events concerning him in 1848-49, as related in the second part of this work? Actually, he mentions only his appointment as cardinal, without specifying further consequences. This paper aims at illustrating that a careful reading of La missione a Roma can decisively help to highlight this subject
La traduzione gentiliana di Rosmini
No full textIn this paper, my aim is to expose Giovanni Gentile’s interpretation of the philosophy of Antonio Rosmini. In particular, the purpose is to show the meaning that Rosmini’s thought assumes in the historiography and in the theoretical and moral philosophy of Gentile. Eventually, Rosmini will turn out to be, in Gentile’s reading, a sort of an Italian Kant.In this paper, my aim is to expose Giovanni Gentile’s interpretation of the philosophy of Antonio Rosmini. In particular, the purpose is to show the meaning that Rosmini’s thought assumes in the historiography and in the theoretical and moral philosophy of Gentile. Eventually, Rosmini will turn out to be, in Gentile’s reading, a sort of an Italian Kant
John Hick e l\u27epistemologia del pluralismo religioso
No full textIn Hick’s shift towards pluralism, epistemological themes of earlier writings persist, including the questionable thesis of the equal coherence of the two alternative interpretations, religious and naturalistic, of an ambiguous universe. The postulation of the Real in itself seems expressly introduced as a guarantee of the cognitivity and realistic value of religious discourse against the risk of its proving to be a mere subjective construction.In Hick’s shift towards pluralism, epistemological themes of earlier writings persist, including the questionable thesis of the equal coherence of the two alternative interpretations, religious and naturalistic, of an ambiguous universe. The postulation of the Real in itself seems expressly introduced as a guarantee of the cognitivity and realistic value of religious discourse against the risk of its proving to be a mere subjective construction
Naturale, artificiale e virtuale: il fenomeno complesso della vita
Get PDFThe complexity of the phenomenon of life emerges in its definition: the term “life” is ambiguous in its meaning and for its value. At present, converging technologies and forms of life’s hybridization seem to reflect the tendency of letting converge increasingly natural, artificial and virtual life. Philosophical reflection can allow an epistemological, anthropological and ethical analysis of some main issues related to the recent evolution and application of neuroscience and neurotechnologies.The complexity of the phenomenon of life emerges in its definition: the term “life” is ambiguous in its meaning and for its value. At present, converging technologies and forms of life’s hybridization seem to reflect the tendency of letting converge increasingly natural, artificial and virtual life. Philosophical reflection can allow an epistemological, anthropological and ethical analysis of some main issues related to the recent evolution and application of neuroscience and neurotechnologies
Macchine e motivi. Annotazioni filosofiche sulla sfera motivazionale dell’intelligenza artificiale
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the way in which some AI scientists approach the themes of the will and motivation of AIs, with particular reference to scenarios in which the conduct of a hostile AI leads to apocalyptic conflicts with humans. The adopted criterion is the presence (or absence) in the hostile AI of higher-order cognitive processes, and, above all, of second-order desires. Such criterion, central to analytical moral philosophy and already used in the debate on animal rights, is helpful in highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of many of the most widespread AI theories.This paper focuses on the way in which some AI scientists approach the themes of the will and motivation of AIs, with particular reference to scenarios in which the conduct of a hostile AI leads to apocalyptic conflicts with humans. The adopted criterion is the presence (or absence) in the hostile AI of higher-order cognitive processes, and, above all, of second-order desires. Such criterion, central to analytical moral philosophy and already used in the debate on animal rights, is helpful in highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of many of the most widespread AI theories