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SEASONAL CALENDARS OF IDENTIFIED BARANGAYS CULTIVATING TRADITIONAL UPLAND RICE VARIETIES (TURVS) IN THE SELECTED MUNICIPALITIES OF THE THIRD DISTRICT OF ILOILO CITY, PHILIPPINES
Full text linkفحصت هذه الدراسة التقويمات الموسمية لأنواع المرتفعات المحددة التي تزرع أصناف أرز المرتفعات التقليدية (TURVs) في البلديات المختارة في المنطقة الثالثة من مدينة إيلويلو بالفلبين. فالبرامج التطبيقية الإقليمية ليست مستودعات للتنوع الجيني فحسب، بل إنها تحمل أيضا الرموز الثقافية المتشابكة مع المعارف والممارسات الزراعية للشعوب الأصلية. تعتمد التقويمات الموسمية، على عكس التقويمات المدنية الموحدة، على الإشارات البيئية مثل هطول الأمطار وإزهار النباتات وسلوك الحيوانات والدورات القمرية لمزامنة الأنشطة الزراعية. وباستخدام أداة التقييم السريع التشاركية التي وضعتها منظمة الأغذية والزراعة، أجريت مناقشات جماعية مركزة على نطاق البلديات لتوثيق نظم البذور، وإعداد الأراضي، والبذر، وإدارة المحاصيل، والحصاد، وممارسات ما بعد الحصاد. كشفت النتائج عن أنماط زمنية مشتركة عبر barangays، مع أنشطة البذور خلال موسم الجفاف (يناير-أبريل)، وإعداد الأراضي والبذر بما يتماشى مع بداية هطول الأمطار (مارس-يونيو)، والحصاد/ما بعد الحصاد الممتد حتى نوفمبر. ومع ذلك، ظهرت اختلافات بسبب الظروف المناخية الدقيقة والارتفاع وتوافر الموارد المحلية. في بلديات مثل كالينوغ، عرضت بعض barangays إنتاجًا موجهًا نحو الفائض مع مشاركة محدودة في السوق، بينما ظل البعض الآخر قائمًا على الكفاف إلى حد كبير. وتسلط النتائج الضوء على القدرة التكيفية لمجتمعات المرتفعات، والأهمية المركزية للتقويمات الموسمية في الاستدامة الإيكولوجية والثقافية، وأهمية إدماج معارف الشعوب الأصلية في السياسات الزراعية واستراتيجيات التنمية الريفية.This study examined the seasonal calendars of identified upland barangays cultivating Traditional Upland Rice Varieties (TURVs) in the selected municipalities of the 3rd District of Iloilo City, Philippines. TURVs are not only repositories of genetic diversity but also hold the cultural symbols interwoven with indigenous farming knowledge and practices. Seasonal calendars, unlike standardized civil calendars, rely on ecological cues such as rainfall, plant flowering, animal behavior, and lunar cycles to synchronize farming activities. Using the Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) tool of the FAO, structured focus group discussions were conducted across municipalities to document seed systems, land preparation, sowing, crop management, harvesting, and post-harvest practices. Results revealed shared temporal patterns across barangays, with seed activities during the dry season (January–April), land preparation and sowing aligned with the onset of rains (March–June), and harvesting/post-harvest extending to November. However, variations emerged due to microclimatic conditions, elevation, and local resource availability. In municipalities such as Calinog, certain barangays displayed surplus-oriented production with limited market engagement, while others remained largely subsistence-based. The findings highlight the adaptive capacity of upland communities, the centrality of seasonal calendars in ecological and cultural sustainability, and the importance of integrating indigenous knowledge into agricultural policy and rural development strategies
The Role of Student Guidance in Promoting Awareness of the Psychological Risks of Virtual Communication Sites among High School Students in Al-Ahsa Schools "Field Study"
Full text link هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن دور الموجهة الطلابية في تعزيز الوعي بالمخاطر النفسية لمواقع التواصل الافتراضية لدى طالبات المرحلة الثانوية في مدارس الأحساء بالمملكة العربية السعودية، وأيضاً معرفة مواقع التواصل الافتراضية الأكثر انتشاراً واستخداماً بين الطالبات، وقد استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي؛ لتحقيق أهدافها المنشودة، واعتمدتْ أداة الاستبانة لجمع البيانات، وَطُبِّقَتْ على عينة من مدارس الطالبات في محافظة الأحساء للفصل الدراسي الثالث للعام 2024م، وقد تكونت العينة من 400 طالبة. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج أهمها: أن المستوى العام لدور الموجهة الطلابية في تعزيز الوعي بالمخاطر النفسية لمواقع التواصل الافتراضية قد جاء مرتفعًا. وأن أكثر المواقع الافتراضية انتشاراً واستخداماً بين الطالبات هي: الواتساب، ويليه موقع التلجرام، ثم موقع الأنستجرام، ويأتي في الترتيب الرابع اليوتيوب، وفي الترتيب الخامس السناب شات، ثم لوكيت والتيك تك. وأشارت النتائج إلى ندرة استخدام الطالبات لموقع تويتر(x)، والتيل، والإيمو واللاين، وبينت أنه نادراً ما تصل ساعات استخدام الإنترنت لدى الطالبات إلى سبع ساعات يوميًّاً. The study aimed to reveal the role of the student mentor in enhancing awareness of the psychological dangers of virtual social networking sites among female secondary school students in Al-Ahsa schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and also to know the most widespread and used virtual social networking sites among female students. The study used the descriptive analytical approach in order to achieve the desired study objectives, where it relied on a questionnaire to collect data. The study was applied to female students’ schools in Al-Ahsa Governorate for the second semester of the year 2024. The study sample consisted of 400 female students. The study indicated a number of results, the most important of which is that the general level of the student mentor’s role in promoting awareness of the psychological dangers of virtual social networking sites was high. The results also showed that the most widespread and used virtual sites among female students are WhatsApp, followed in order by Telegram, then Instagram. In fourth place is YouTube, and in fifth place is Snapchat, then Locket and Tiktok. The results indicated the scarcity of female students’ use of Twitter, Tel, Emo and Line. The results also showed that Internet use rarely exceeds 7 hours per day
Bridging Finance and International Trade: A CAMELS-Based Insight into the Strategic Role of India’s EXIM Bank
Full text linkThe Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) plays a vital role in facilitating India's international trade by providing export credit, project finance, overseas investment support, and Lines of Credit. This connection helps domestic enterprises engage with global markets. In light of India's export-led growth strategy and its increasing integration with the global economy, assessing the financial health of EXIM Bank is essential to understanding its capacity to support trade expansion. This study evaluates the financial performance of EXIM Bank and its relationship with India’s international trade performance from 2020-21 to 2024-25, utilising the Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Efficiency, Earnings, Liquidity, and Sensitivity to Market Risk (CAMELS) framework. The analysis relies exclusively on secondary data sourced from EXIM Bank's annual reports, publications from the Reserve Bank of India, and reports from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Key financial ratios for each CAMELS component were computed and analysed using both ratio analysis and trend analysis techniques. The results show a consistent improvement in EXIM Bank’s financial performance over the study period, evidenced by the growth in total business from ₹2,377 billion in 2020-21 to ₹3,979 billion in 2024-25, along with a significant rise in Profit After Tax from ₹2,540 million to ₹32,432 million. The bank's capital adequacy consistently exceeded regulatory requirements, while the Net Non-Performing Assets ratio declined significantly, indicating better asset quality and credit risk management. Furthermore, improvements in Return on Assets and profit per employee reflect enhanced profitability and management efficiency. These financial trends align with the recovery and expansion of India's export activities in the post-pandemic period. The study concludes that EXIM Bank’s financial resilience, prudent risk management, and operational efficiency have bolstered its capability to support India’s international trade, thereby reinforcing its strategic role in promoting export-led growth, external sector stability, and global economic integration
The Impact of Applying Corporate Governance Principles In Activating Internal Control Systems To Enhance The Competitive Advantage of Yemeni Commercial banks
Full text linkتتسم حوكمة البنوك بأهمية خاصة في أجندة المال والأعمال في الوقت الراهن؛ لما تعود به من نفع على القطاع البنكي في تخفيض المخاطر المتعلقة بالفساد المالي والإداري التي تواجهه البنوك والدول, ورفع مستوى فعالية التنظيم والأساليب الرقابية المعتمدة، وأداء الأجهزة الرقابية القائمة عليها, وكذلك جذب الاستثمارات الأجنبية، وتشجيع رأس المال المحلي على الاستثمار في المشاريع, وحماية المساهمين، وتعمل على الشفافية والدقة والوضوح والنزاهة في القوائم المالية التي تصدرها البنوك؛ مما يترتب على ذلك توافر فرصة لتعزيز الدور الإستراتيجي للرقابة الداخلية في البنوك. ولذا فإن هذا البحث يهدف إلى قياس أثر تطبيق مبادئ حوكمة الشركات في تفعيل أنظمة الرقابة الداخلية، بهدف تعزيز الميزة التنافسية في البنوك التجارية العاملة في الجمهورية اليمنية، ولتحقيق ذلك؛ اعتمدت الباحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم جمع البيانات باستخدام قائمة استبانة، وُزعت على عينة عشوائية، بلغ قوامها (135) مفردة.
وتوصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج عديدة من أهمها: أن معظم أفراد عينة الدراسة غير موافقين على عبارات مستوى تطبيق مبدأ دور أصحاب المصالح من حوكمة الشركات في البنوك التجارية، وكذلك مبدأ الشفافية والإفصاح من حوكمة الشركات في البنوك التجارية، وكذلك مبدأ توافر مسؤولية مجلس الإدارة من حوكمة الشركات في البنوك التجارية، وكذلك مستوى تعزيز الميزة التنافسية في البنوك التجارية. وأنه يوجد أثر معنوي ذو دلالة إحصائية لتطبيق مبدأ دور أصحاب المصالح، ومبدأ الشفافية والإفصاح، ومبدأ توافر مسؤولية مجلس الإدارة في تفعيل أنظمة الرقابة الداخلية لتعزيز الميزة التنافسية في البنوك التجارية العاملة في الجمهورية اليمنية.
وفي الأخير اختتمت الدراسة بتوصيات عديدة، أهمها: ضرورة تطبيق معايير حوكمة الشركات الدولية ومبادئها في البنوك التجارية اليمنية، وتحديثها بما يتناسب مع التغيرات الاقتصادية والتكنولوجية والاجتماعية. وتعزيز دور الرقابة الداخلية في البنوك التجارية اليمنية، وتوفير الإمكانيات والموارد اللازمة لتنفيذها بفعالية واستقلالية، وتقييم أدائها بصورة دورية ومستمرة. وضرورة تحسين مستوى الافصاح والشفافية في البنوك التجارية اليمنية، وتقديم المعلومات المالية والإدارية بشكل دقيق وموثوق، متوافق مع المعايير المحاسبية والمهنية. وإجراء المزيد من الدراسات والبحوث في مجال حوكمة الشركات والرقابة الداخلية في البنوك التجارية اليمنية، ومقارنتها مع البنوك التجارية في دول أخرى، وتبادل الخبرات والممارسات الناجحة في هذا المجال.Bank governance is particularly important in today's business and financial agenda For the benefit of the banking sector in reducing the risks related to financial and administrative corruption faced by banks and countries, Raise the level of effectiveness of the regulatory and regulatory methods adopted and the performance of the regulatory bodies based on them, Attract foreign investment and encourage local capital to invest in projects Protect shareholders and work on transparency, accuracy, clarity and integrity in the financial statements issued by banks This creates an opportunity to strengthen the strategic role of internal control in banks. This research aims to measure the impact of the application of corporate governance principles in the activation of internal control systems, in order to enhance the competitive advantage in commercial banks operating in the Republic of Yemen. To achieve this, the study relied on a descriptive analytical approach. The data were collected using a questionnaire list distributed to a random sample of 135 individuals.
The study found several results, the most important of which: That most of the members of the study sample disagree with the statements of the level of application of the principle of the role of corporate governance stakeholders in commercial banks, as well as the principle of transparency and disclosure of corporate governance in commercial banks, as well as the principle of the availability of responsibility of the Board of Directors of corporate governance in commercial banks, as well as the level of enhancement of competitive advantage in commercial banks. There is a statistically significant moral impact of the application of the principle of the role of stakeholders, the principle of transparency and disclosure and the principle of the responsibility of the Board of Directors in activating internal control systems to enhance competitive advantage in commercial banks operating in the Republic of Yemen.
Finally, the study concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which is the need to apply international corporate governance standards and principles in Yemeni commercial banks and to update them in line with economic, technological and social changes. Strengthen the role of internal control in Yemeni commercial banks, and provide the necessary capabilities and resources to implement them effectively and independently, and evaluate their performance periodically and continuously. Improve the level of disclosure and transparency in Yemeni commercial banks, and provide financial and administrative information in an accurate, reliable and compliant with accounting and professional standards. Conducting more studies and research in the field of corporate governance and internal control in Yemeni commercial banks, comparing them with commercial banks in other countries, and exchanging experiences and successful practices in this field
AI-Driven Predictive Analytics in Monitoring and Evaluation: Opportunities and Ethical Dilemmas
Full text linkThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) frameworks represents a significant transformation in how organizations assess program effectiveness and impact. This mixed-methods study examined the opportunities and ethical challenges associated with AI-driven predictive analytics in M&E through systematic literature review, case study analysis, and stakeholder consultation. The systematic review analyzed 89 peer-reviewed articles from 2015-2024, while three detailed case studies from Kenya, Colombia, and Southeast Asia provided implementation insights. Semi-structured interviews with 24 M&E practitioners, technology specialists, and ethics experts informed the analysis. Results demonstrated substantial improvements in program targeting (60% increase in effectiveness), resource allocation (30% cost reduction), and predictive accuracy (85-92% across contexts). However, significant ethical challenges emerged, including algorithmic bias affecting 67% of implementations, data privacy concerns in 78% of cases, and accountability gaps in 85% of current implementations. The study concludes with evidence-based recommendations for responsible AI integration in M&E, emphasizing phased implementation, robust governance frameworks, and continuous stakeholder engagement to maximize benefits while addressing ethical concerns
Public Communication Campaigns on Clubfoot Symptoms and Early Treatment: A Kap Analysis of Parents in Imo State
Full text linkThis study examined public communication campaigns on clubfoot symptoms and early treatment of children. The health belief model served as the theoretical foundation of the study. A mixed-methods research design was employed with the aid of a survey and an in-depth interview. Descriptive analysis and explanation-building techniques were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that in Imo State, parents are aware of public communication campaigns on clubfoot symptoms and early treatment to a moderate extent and same applies to their knowledge level. Also, public communication campaigns have influenced the engagement of Imo State parents towards health care practises that could help treat children with clubfoot. It was recommended that there is a need to fully utilise all manner of channels for public campaigns by stakeholders so that the level of awareness will increase tremendously. Special care, in terms of information, needs to be given to parents by healthcare providers so that it will build their knowledge on several issues that have to do with clubfoot in children.
Cultural Literacy and Nation-Building: Rethinking the Role of Humanities in Multicultural Societies
Full text linkAbstract
Cultural literacy has become an essential competency for social integration and peaceful coexistence in increasingly diverse societies. While much scholarship highlights its philosophical foundations, fewer studies empirically examine its contribution to nation-building, especially within multicultural contexts such as Nigeria. This paper investigates the relationship between cultural literacy, humanities exposure, national unity, and social cohesion using a quantitative design involving 742 respondents drawn from tertiary institutions, secondary schools, and community groups. Results show that cultural literacy significantly predicts national unity and social cohesion, with humanities exposure exerting an indirect effect mediated through cultural literacy. The findings underscore the enduring importance of humanities education in strengthening civic values, mutual respect, and collective identity. The study contributes to a renewed understanding of humanities as a catalyst for nation-building in a world marked by diversity, fragmentation, and competing identities
Transforming Healthcare Access in Botswana: Developing A Telemedicine Strategy Through the E-Health Strategy Development Framework
Full text linkThis paper presents a strategic framework for implementing telemedicine in Botswana, focusing on improving healthcare access, particularly in rural regions. Botswana faces significant healthcare disparities, with rural communities experiencing limited access to medical services, long travel distances to healthcare facilities, and delayed treatment due to shortages in medical personnel and infrastructure. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the adoption of telemedicine solutions grounded in the eHealth Strategy Development Framework (eHSDF). By leveraging mobile health technologies, the strategy aims to bridge the healthcare gap and enhance service delivery through digital means. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Surveys were conducted with healthcare professionals and policymakers to assess the current state of healthcare services and evaluate the feasibility of telemedicine implementation. Qualitative interviews with rural community members provided insights into their healthcare needs and expectations from telemedicine solutions. Findings indicate broad support for telemedicine, with 92% of participants acknowledging its potential to improve healthcare accessibility. However, concerns about infrastructure limitations, such as unreliable internet and electricity in remote areas, were highlighted by 75% of respondents. Furthermore, capacity building emerged as a critical factor, with 80% of healthcare professionals indicating the need for training on telemedicine technologies. Based on these findings, the paper proposes a phased telemedicine implementation strategy that emphasizes stakeholder engagement, including healthcare providers, government agencies, and rural communities. Additionally, it underscores the importance of improving infrastructure and providing comprehensive training programs to ensure the successful adoption of telemedicine. The research offers actionable recommendations for policymakers and healthcare practitioners aiming to achieve sustainable, equitable healthcare delivery in Botswana. Finally, the paper suggests that future research should focus on the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine and the role of public-private partnerships in enhancing telehealth infrastructure in Botswana
Acceptability and Nutritional Assessment of Macaroons Fortified with Cassava-Based Sagip Nutri Powder: A Sensory and Nutrient Evaluation
Full text linkThis study evaluated the nutritive value and acceptability of cassava-based macaroons fortified with turmeric powder. The macaroons were formulated with varying proportions of cassava-based Sagip Nutri-Pack, cake flour, and turmeric powder, and their nutritional content and sensory characteristics were assessed. The results indicated that cassava-based macaroons fortified with turmeric exhibited higher energy content compared to commercial macaroons, with treatment T3 having the highest energy value. Additionally, fortification with turmeric increased the macaroons' antioxidant properties and fiber content. Sensory evaluation revealed that commercial macaroons (T1) had the highest acceptability in terms of color, flavor, aroma, and texture, followed by T2 (25% Cassava-Based Sagip Nutri-Pack, 75% cake flour, 5g turmeric). T3, the 50% cassava-based formulation, showed the highest general acceptability among experimental treatments. The findings suggest that while turmeric fortification improves the nutritional profile of cassava-based macaroons, further optimization is needed to match the acceptability of commercial products. This study highlights the potential of using cassava as a base ingredient for fortified macaroons to promote better nutrition
Enhancing Senior High School Students’ Written Idea Articulation in English Using ‘THINKS’ as a Visible Thinking Routine
Full text linkThis action research assessed the effectiveness of the “THINKS routine” Visible Thinking Routine (VTR) in enhancing the written idea articulation skills of Grade 11 STEM (Science, Technology, Education, and Mathematics) students at a public Senior High School in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. Using a mixed-methods design, the study combined pre- and post-test assessments with a Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Fourteen students, selected through purposive and convenience sampling, participated in a four-week intervention. Results revealed significant improvement in students’ articulation scores, progressing from “Satisfactory” to “Excellent.” The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test confirmed a statistically significant difference between pre- and post-test scores (p < 0.001). Qualitative findings indicated that THINKS enhanced critical thinking, organized thought processes, note-taking, supported writing tasks, and proved adaptable across subjects. However, challenges emerged, including limited time, lack of timely feedback, and the absence of formal validation for the THINKS routine—though the scoring rubric for idea articulation was validated. Despite this, the routine aligns with the core principles of VTRs particularly its focus on making thinking visible through structured, reflective practices. Future research should validate the routine, refine its components, incorporate teacher feedback, explore its applicability to diverse learners, and integrate it into digital platforms. Overall, THINKS demonstrated strong potential as a flexible and effective strategy for improving students’ ability to articulate ideas in writing