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The Translational Treatment of Social Culture and Social Organization items in Orwell’s 1984: A Study of two Arabic Translations Anwar Achami (2006) and Alharith Nabhan (2014)
Get PDFThe translation of culture-specific items (CSIs) in literary texts is problematic and challenging. They hold a critical position in the process of translation as they are bound to their source culture and language. Translators tend to render these items using specific translation techniques. These techniques influence and in turn are influenced by the two translation strategies: foreignization and domestication. These CSIs could be divided according to Newmark (1988) into five categories. However, the present study aims to reveal, discuss, and compare the techniques used along with the strategies followed in treating two categories namely social culture and social organization in George Orwell’s ‘1984’ from English into two Arabic translations. The Novel is translated by two translators Anwar Achami (2006) and Alharith Nabhan (2014). To achieve trustworthiness, Toury’s (1995) descriptive translation methodology and Creswell’s (2012) mixed methods research is adopted to describe, analyse, and interpret how, when, and why Pederson’s (2005) translation techniques are used and to take out clear data about the Venutian’s (1995) domestication and foreignization. The study follows the explanatory design. First, the quantitative data is collected manually and uploaded into an Excel sheet format for analysis. It is followed by qualitative data collection and analyses. 162 coupled pairs were identified. The results show that the translators use different translation techniques to produce different translations. Besides, there are various factors influencing translators’ choices and orientations
Hybrid Neural Network Models for the Optimization of Induction Hardening Processes
Get PDFWe describe a simple hybrid methodology to simulate an induction heating process that combines observational (black-box) and physics-based (white-box) methodologies. This method uses a neural network to predict the process' physical characteristics, which were previously unknown. A primary emphasis is placed on monitoring temperature variations within a subsurface layer of a bolt sample. The hybrid model incorporates an ordinary differential equation for the heating rate, leading to improved data accuracy compared to a standalone black-box model. This innovative approach not only improves predictive precision but also simplifies interpretability, ultimately serving as a pivotal instrument for the effective management and advancement of induction heating operations
Emirati University Students’ Use of the Request Speech Act in Arabic in Email Communication with Faculty
Get PDFStudents’ academic performance is greatly affected by their communication skills, a significant one of which is email writing. Due to technological advances and the distance education imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, a great deal of communication between students and professors is in the form of email communication. Students’ inattention to the rules of this particular genre may result in face-threatening situations. Prompted by the lack of research on university students’ utilization of the request speech act in Arabic emails, this study investigated 96 Emirati first-year students’ request behaviors in Arabic in communication with university professors. Data were collected using a discourse-completion task and an evaluation form filled in by two judges. Results showed that the students mostly produced a direct request speech act. However, a significant number of them failed to follow the expected discourse structure often omitting the subject line, not thanking or writing their names at the end. The judges thought the emails were generally respectful. However, they felt they were not appropriate, which was mainly caused by the frequent mistakes with spelling, punctuation, and vocabulary. There were also instances of informal language use and grammatical errors. Based on these results, recommendations are provided focusing on awareness-raising and practice activities
Ontology based Feature Selection and Weighting for Text classification using Machine Learning
Get PDFText classification consists in attributing text (document) to its corresponding class (category). It can be performed using an artificial intelligence technique called machine learning. However, before training the machine learning model that classifies texts, three main steps are also mandatory: (1) Preprocessing, which cleans the text; (2) Feature selection, which chooses the features that significantly represent the text; and (3) Feature weighting, which aims at numerically representing text through feature vector. In this paper, we propose two algorithms for feature selection and feature weighting. Unlike most existing works, our algorithms are sense-based since they use ontology to represent, not the syntax, but the sense of a text as a feature vector. Experiments show that our approach gives encouraging results compared to existing works. However, some additional suggested improvements can make these results more impressive
Quality challenges in Deep Learning Data Collection in perspective of Artificial Intelligence
Get PDFWith reinforcement learning powered by big data and computer infrastructure, data-centric AI is driving a fundamental shift in the way software is developed. To treat data as a first-class citizen on par with code, software engineering must be rethought in this situation. One surprise finding is how much time is spent on data preparation throughout the machine learning process. Even the most powerful machine learning algorithms will struggle to perform adequately in the absence of high-quality data. Advanced technologies that are data-centric are being used more frequently as a result. Unfortunately, a lot of real-world datasets are small, unclean, biased, and occasionally even tainted. In this study, we focus on the scientific community for data collecting and data quality for deep learning applications. Data collection is essential since modern algorithms for deep learning rely mostly on large-scale data collecting than classification techniques. To enhance data quality, we investigate data validation, cleaning, and integration techniques. Even if the data cannot be completely cleaned, robust model training strategies enable us to work with imperfect data during training the model. Furthermore, despite the fact that that these issues have gotten less attention in conventional data management studies, bias and fairness are significant themes in modern application of machine learning. In order to prevent injustice, we investigate controls for fairness and strategies for doing so before, during, and after model training. We believe the information management community is in a good position to address these problems
Multi-valued common N-tupled fixed point result and their applications to system of N-integral equations
No full textThis manuscript establishes N-tupled fixed point result in rectangular b-metric. Using the obtainedresult, we also give an existence and uniqueness theorem for a non-linear N-integral equations class. Also,give an example of the validity of our result
The Use of Category Shifts in the Translation of Scientific Texts
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to provide an in-depth analysis of the utilization of category shifts in the process of translating two scientific texts: The Science Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained by John Farndon and Spaceflight: A Concise History by Michael J. Neufeld. The study addresses the following research questions: 1) What are the types of category shifts used by Arab translators to translate scientific texts into Arabic, and 2) To what extent do the translations convey the intended meaning of the source texts and bridge the linguistic gap between the two languages (English and Arabic). The research draws on Catford's (1965) classification of category shifts. It adopted a qualitative approach in analyzing each instance of shifts that corresponds to a particular type of category shifts. The findings of the study revealed that four types of category shifts were used by Arab translators to translate the scientific texts from English into Arabic. It was also found that the use of these shifts was governed by the huge linguistic gap between the two languages. The results of this research should contribute to the growing body of literature that recognizes the importance of specialized translation. In fact, so far, very little attention has been paid to the utilization of shifts in Scientific texts. Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on shift in translation by unveiling the linguistic problem that arise during the translation of scientific texts and their impact on the translators' choices, especially in Arabic context
Social Networking Sites Mediated Course Reflections on Instructional Technology: A Case Study of Female Students at Women's University
Get PDFThis study investigates the efficacy of a Facebook-mediated online instructional technology program at Lahore Women's University. The researchers collected data from 45 students who participated in a one-month course on instructional technology via Facebook, along with their course comments and feedback. The results showed that students maintained their interest and acquired knowledge about teaching resources and computer programs that aligned with their comfort and interests. Facebook provided them with the freedom to converse with friends and discuss course materials without the pressure of strict deadlines. Social media platforms offer an effective means of facilitating international interactions, collaboration, and unstructured learning for both on-campus and off-campus students, thanks to their accessibility, affordability, and civic features. A significant number of female students strongly advocated for using Facebook as a platform for online teaching and learning due to its capacity to allow them to openly express and address their concerns while studying instructional technology. The report recommends leveraging social media platforms for instructional delivery, training, and collaborative endeavors, and encouraging universities to incorporate these channels into their academic calendars and activities
International Experiences of Educational Technology Policies: Lessons for Developing Countries
Get PDFSince computer education was introduced into the educational systems in the developed world in the early 1980s, educational technology policies (ETPs) have become a hot issue, especially in the new millennium. Based on the comparative analysis approach, this study explained what the ETPs are and why and how the policy makers of USA, UK and China were interesting to develop several revised ETPs on the national levels. It finds that policy makers were keen to invest in ETPs because it contributes to the social and economic development, strengthens the national ideology and culture, and supports the educational reforms. Common factors shaping ETPs include policy or vision and authorizing implementation, teachers’ professional development, ICT for education infrastructure (digital learning resources, physical hardware infrastructure, internet connectivity in the educational institutions, education management information systems (EMIS) and national research and education networks), and educational technology standards for all of those people who are involved in the educational process
Multimodality in Teaching English for Specific Purposes in Higher Education : the case of teaching Business English at ISIG Kairouan
Get PDFThe importance of technology in people's daily lives has opened avenues for its effective utilization in various educational domains. Among the online resources available, the YouTube website stands out as an integration option for traditional English lessons, rendering it a significant asset in the field of teaching and learning. This research paper sheds light on a novel approach to teaching English courses by exploring the impactful role of multimodal texts found in numerous YouTube videos when employed as teaching material in classrooms. The study findings assert that YouTube can serve as a valuable resource for incorporating English lessons, aiding comprehension, and enhancing students' overall performance and understanding of English. Moreover, the inclusion of YouTube videos emerges as a prominent factor in facilitating learners' comprehension of business English terminology. The paper emphasizes the need to investigate students' attitudes towards the use of YouTube and the potential concerns they may encounter when using it as a tool for learning business English