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The Bihar Gig Workers Law: A Bold Step Forward but a Step Back for Trade Unions
No full textBihar’s new gig workers law goes one step ahead of similar state laws when it comes to recognising workers’ welfare rights. But a weak funding framework for welfare entitlements and restriction on trade unions make this a law mired with internal inconsistencies
The Century of Self-Respect
No full textA hundred years later, the Self-Respect Movement’s ideals of equality, women’s liberation, and the annihilation of caste are finding new geographies and facing new challenges
Struggles for Livelihood and the Environment: Frictions and Intersections
No full textThis essay reviews two books—Ravi Raman\u27s (2025) book Political Ecospatiality: Livelihood, Environment, and Subaltern Struggles and Silpa Satheesh’s (2005) Labour, Nature and Capitalism: Exploring Labour–Environmental Conflicts in Kerala, India.
It seeks to demonstrate that the fight for livelihood and the environment continues long after significant gains in social development have been achieved. Rooted in the struggles of the marginalized in Kerala, India, the books make compelling arguments about the persistence of conflicts between different visions of development, with relevance far beyond their immediate contexts
Justice Making, Justice Spaces and Justice Users
No full textThis insightful book reimagines how justice systems can be reshaped to better serve the needs of people—especially those who are disadvantaged. Focusing on public spaces in Goa—courtrooms, police stations, protest sites, and classrooms—it asks how these spaces are structured, and what must change for them to truly support those seeking justice.
Drawing on insights from practitioners, activists, and researchers, the authors explore how ordinary people relate to these spaces and the barriers they face. Through grounded case studies and theoretical reflections, the chapters of this work offer a wider commentary on how we might design justice systems that are more inclusive, accessible, and people-centred.https://repository.nls.ac.in/books/1057/thumbnail.jp
Web 2.0 and the Concept of ‘Data Controller’: Recent Developments in EU Data Protection Law
No full textIn order to operationalise the fundamental right to privacy, as reaffirmed by the Supreme Court in the landmark K.S. Puttaswamy judgment, the Indian government has recently introduced a draft data protection legislation. The present draft is inspired — to a considerable extent — by the EU’s GDPR and defines numerous key notions in largely identical terms. In view of these similarities, this paper seeks to examine the recent developments in the EU regarding the concept of ‘data controller’ and its application to what may be termed as a ‘Web 2.0 setting’. The paper commences with a review of the obligations imposed on controllers under the GDPR. Next, it introduces the ‘Web 2.0 setting’ and traces the evolution of the ‘data controller’ concept with the emergence of the internet. The paper then turns to a substantive analysis of the understanding of data controllers in a Web 2.0 context by examining the case of Wirtschaftsakademie Schleswig-Holstein, which concerns the potential joint controllership of Facebook and the administrator of a Facebook fan page. The final section challenges the interpretations of the concept previously adopted by the ECJ and provides suggestions to better realise the objectives of data protection law
Continuing Discrimination in the times of technology: Women, Work, Algorithms and Law in India
No full textHuman societies are discriminatory. So, it has been an unrelenting effort to eliminate what divides us. While there have been leapfrog developments in this regard, we need to consider newer challenges now that technology is taking over public and private spaces. The author, in this article, discusses gender-based algorithmic discrimination in workplaces and argues that there is an urgent need to enforce laws for regulating algorithmic discrimination. India is in a precarious position. It has been consistently faring poorly when it comes to the gender gap in work. It lacks a comprehensive and codified anti-discriminatory law; and lacks laws to deal with algorithmic discrimination. The withdrawn Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, the Draft Digital Data Protection Bill, 2022 and the Digital PersonalData Protection Act, 2023, do not effectively deal with gender discrimination. The parliament is now considering introducing the Digital India Act to give a much-needed overhaul to the country’s antiquated technology laws. The article focuses on the current labour and technology laws, the withdrawn bills, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, and the discussion around the Digital India Act to argue that there is a need to specifically consider algorithmic gender discrimination. Further, it culls out the lessons that India can learn from the global developments in this field
A non-binary lens on classroom inclusivity
No full textIn this piece we ask, what does it truly mean to belong in a classroom? How class rooms are reproducing subjects formed by dominant norms? And why we need to emphasize on an inclusive class room? This piece delves into critical reflections on inclusivity, specially focusing on the experiences of non-binary students
