Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental
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MÉTODOS CROMATOGRÁFICOS PARA LA DETERMINACIÓN DE ENDOSULFÁN EN ALIMENTOS
Get PDFExtraction and cleaning techniques plus chromatographic methods were reviewed for the quantification of endosulfan in food matrices such as dairy products, fruits and vegetables, fish and seafood, published in the last twenty years. Regardless of the type of matrix, the extraction of endosulfan is carried out mainly with organic solvents such as hexane, methanol, acetonitrile and acetone. For cleaning, the most common was the use silica cartridges, florisil columns, or C18. The most sensitive quantification method was gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS. Foods where it was reported the presence of α, β and/or endosulfan sulfate were dairy products and their derivatives in a range of 23.99 to 52.2 ng/g, in fish and shellfish from 1.07 to 49.7 ng/g, vegetables from 0.5 to 5460.0 ng/g. In breast milk were from 0.4 to 10.7 ng/mL and in fat until 277.39 ng/g.Se revisaron las técnicas de extracción, limpieza y cuantificación de endosulfán por métodos cromatográficos en matrices alimentarias como productos lácteos, frutas y vegetales, así como pescados y mariscos, publicados en los últimos veinte años. Independientemente del tipo de matriz, su extracción se realiza principalmente con disolventes orgánicos como hexano, metanol, acetonitrilo y acetona. Para la limpieza, lo más comúnmente empleado fueron cartuchos de sílice, columnas de florisil, o C18. En cuanto a la cuantificación, el método más sensible resultó ser la cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrofotometría de masas (CG-MS). Los alimentos en los que se reportó la presencia de α, β y/o sulfato de endosulfán fueron: productos lácteos y sus derivados con un intervalo de concentraciones de 23.99 a 52.2 ng/g; pescados y mariscos de 1.07 a 49.7 ng/g; y vegetales de 0.5 a 5460.0 ng/g. En leche materna se reportaron concentraciones de 0.4 a 10.7 ng/mL y en grasa hasta 277.39 ng/g
Inducción de micronúcleos en células meristemáticas de la raíz de Vicia faba tratadas con diferentes concentraciones de Marvel®
Get PDFThe use of pesticides has been increasing over time. Despite the benefits provided by agrochemicals in agriculture as well as in domestic uses, many of them may pose potential health and environmental hazards. There is now increasing interest in the determination of biomarkers that allow the measurement and estimation of an active and / or passive exposure to environmental pollutants with toxic capacity, such as pesticides. This study analyzes the DNA damage caused by Marvel® a commercial herbicide through the micronucleus (MN) assay, in meristematic cells of the root of Vicia faba. Roots between 2-3 cm were exposed for 4 hours with 18 and 44 hours of recovery time at different concentrations of Marvel®, equivalent to the following combinations of atrazine / dicamba: 62.5 / 31.25; 125 / 62.5; 250/125; 1000/500; 2000/1000; 3000/1500 and 4000/2000, mg of active ingredient / L of distilled water. Cells were exposed to distilled water as a negative control and potassium dichromate (0.05%) as a positive control under the same experimental conditions. With the exception of the lowest concentration [62.5 / 31.25 mg of active ingredient / L of distilled water], all concentrations tested showed significant damage (p < 0.05), with respect to the negative control, the damage was greater at 18 hours of recovery, and at 44 hours the damage was decreased at all concentrations tested. The mitotic index (MI) also was affected showing a smaller division depending on concentration and recovery times. The concentrations of 2000/1000; 3000/1500 and 4000/2000, mg of active ingredient / L of distilled water produced greater damage than that found in the positive control. This leads to the conclusion that the commercial herbicide Marvel® causes DNA damage and is cytotoxic in Vicia faba.El empleo de plaguicidas ha ido aumentando al paso del tiempo. A pesar de los beneficios aportados por los agroquímicos tanto en la agricultura como en el ámbito doméstico, muchos de ellos pueden representar peligros potenciales para la salud y el ambiente. En la actualidad es manifiesto el interés creciente en la determinación de biomarcadores que permitan la medición y estimación de una exposición activa y/o pasiva a contaminantes ambientales con capacidad tóxica, como los plaguicidas. Este estudio analiza el daño al ADN que causa el herbicida comercial Marvel® a través del ensayo de micronúcleos (MN), en células meristemáticas de la raíz de Vicia faba. Raíces de entre 2-3 cm fueron expuestas durante 4 horas, con 18 y 44 horas de recuperación a diferentes concentraciones de Marvel®, equivalentes a las siguientes combinaciones de atrazina/dicamba: 62.5/31.25; 125/62.5; 250/125; 1000/400; 2000/1000; 3000/1500 y 4000/2000 mg de ingrediente activo/L de agua destilada (mg I.A./L). Las células fueron expuestas a agua destilada, como testigo negativo y a dicromato de potasio 0.05%, como testigo positivo, bajo las mismas condiciones experimentales. Con excepción de la concentración más baja [62.5/31.25 mg I.A./L], todas las concentraciones probadas presentaron un daño significativo (p<0.05). Con respecto al testigo negativo, el daño fue mayor a las 18 horas de recuperación, al paso de 44 horas, el daño se vio disminuido en todas las concentraciones probadas. El índice mitótico (IM) también se modificó, mostrándose una menor división dependiente de la concentración y tiempo de recuperación. Las concentraciones de 2000/1000; 3000/1500 y 4000/2000, mg I.A./L, produjeron un daño mayor que el encontrado en el testigo positivo. Los datos sugieren que el herbicida comercial Marvel® produce daño al ADN y es citotóxico en Vicia faba
MINING-METALLURGICAL SOURCES OF POLLUTION IN EASTERN SERBIA AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Get PDFThe ethics of environmental protection is based on the moral responsibility of a man not to endanger his living environment because it is the only way for creating the conditions for a better life quality. Environmental consciousness (EC) is characterized by a high awareness about the environment, especially in urban areas with mining-metallurgical sources of pollution. Raising EC in such environments causes acceptance and ecological and social responsibility. A mining-metallurgical complex plant represents an important source of pollution of urban areas. In that sense, Bor is an interesting urban area having in mind that it represents one of the most important ore and metal production centers in South-East Europe. What defines the EC of Bor inhabitants is derived from the very town and its economy. The research encompasses concrete environmental problems of the mining town Bor and its surroundings. The components of the EC of people living in Bor were analyzed according to the awareness, knowledge and attitude method, having in mind the extent to which the environment has been polluted in this area. It has been concluded that the perception of people living in Bor about the state of the environment depends on numerous factors – first, whether the employee works for the RTB Bor Company or not.The ethics of environmental protection is based on the moral responsibility of a man not to endanger his living environment because it is the only way for creating the conditions for a better life quality. Environmental consciousness (EC) is characterized by a high awareness about the environment, especially in urban areas with mining-metallurgical sources of pollution. Raising EC in such environments causes acceptance and ecological and social responsibility. A mining-metallurgical complex plant represents an important source of pollution of urban areas. In that sense, Bor is an interesting urban area having in mind that it represents one of the most important ore and metal production centers in South-East Europe. What defines the EC of Bor inhabitants is derived from the very town and its economy. The research encompasses concrete environmental problems of the mining town Bor and its surroundings. The components of the EC of people living in Bor were analyzed according to the awareness, knowledge and attitude method, having in mind the extent to which the environment has been polluted in this area. It has been concluded that the perception of people living in Bor about the state of the environment depends on numerous factors – first, whether the employee works for the RTB Bor Company or not
CADMIO, TALIO Y VANADIO AFECTAN DIFERENCIALMENTE LA GERMINACIÓN Y CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE TRES VARIEDADES DE CHILE
Get PDFThe effects of the metals cadmium (Cd), thallium (Tl) and vanadium (V) in concentrations of 0, 25 and 50 µM each were evaluated independently in indicators of germination and initial growth in three varieties of chili pepper: jalapeño, poblano, and serrano. The seeds were treated for 15 days, and the number of germinated seeds was quantified in 24-h intervals to obtain the percentage of germination (PG). At the end of this period, the relative percentage of germination (RPG), lengths of shoots (LS) and roots (LR), relative radicle growth (RRG), germination index (GI) and the coefficient of germination speed (CGS) were evaluated. The PG and the RPG were not affected by the treatments. The main effects of the study factors were observed in indicators related to the initial plant growth. The tolerance of the varieties to the metals under study is, in decreasing order, jalapeño > poblano > serrano. Tl in particular was highly phytotoxic in the serrano variety. Conversely, Tl increased the LS in the jalapeño and poblano varieties. Cd stimulated the LS of poblano, while V stimulated the CGS in jalapeño, and the LS of the poblano pepper. It is concluded that Cd, Tl, and V produce differential effects on chili peppers, which are dependent on the genotype tested, the concentration of the metal evaluated and the developmental phase (germination or initial growth).Se evaluaron de forma independiente los efectos de los metales cadmio (Cd), talio (Tl) y vanadio (V) a concentraciones de 0, 25 y 50 µM cada uno, en indicadores de germinación y crecimiento inicial en tres variedades de chile: jalapeño, poblano y serrano. Las semillas fueron tratadas durante 15 días y se cuantificó el número de semillas germinadas en intervalos de 24 h para la obtención del porcentaje de germinación (PG). Al final de este periodo se determinaron el porcentaje relativo de germinación (PRG), las longitudes de vástagos (LV) y raíces (LR), el crecimiento relativo de radícula (CRR), el índice de germinación (IG) y el coeficiente de velocidad de germinación (CVG). Los tratamientos no afectaron al PG ni al PRG. Los principales efectos de los factores de estudio se observaron en indicadores relacionados con el crecimiento inicial. La tolerancia de las variedades de chile evaluadas a los metales en estudio fue, en orden decreciente, jalapeño > poblano > serrano. El Tl en particular fue altamente fitotóxico en la variedad serrano; por el contrario, el Tl incrementó la LV en las variedades jalapeño y poblano. El Cd estimuló la LV del chile poblano, en tanto que el V estimuló el CVG en el chile jalapeño y la LV del chile poblano. Se concluye que el Cd, Tl y V producen efectos diferenciales entre genotipos, mismos que son dependientes de la variedad de chile probada, la concentración del metal evaluado y la fase de desarrollo (germinación o crecimiento inicial)
VALIDACIÓN DE UN MÉTODO ANALÍTICO PARA CUANTIFICAR ALUMINIO EN TEJIDOS DE RATAS SPRAGUE DAWLEY MEDIANTE EAA-FLAMA Y EAA-HORNO DE GRAFITO
Get PDFThe method was validated to quantify aluminum (Al) in tissues of Sprague Dawley rats by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (F-AAS) and graphite furnace (GF-AAS). The linearity was evaluated by the correlation coefficient (r) and the results were 1.000 and 0.9993 for F-AAS and GF-AAS, respectively. Accuracy was 100.62 and 97.75 %, while the precision coefficient of variation was of 0.61 and 1.30 % for F-AAS and GF-AAS, respectively. Precision was also evaluated under repeatability conditions; the result obtained indicates that the method is repeatable for the Al concentrations used and determined by F-AAS and GF-AAS. The results of limit of detection and limit of quantification of Al determined by F-AAS were 0.06 and 0.19 mg/L, and 0.05 to 0.18 µg/L of Al determined by GF-AAS. Furthermore, the accuracy of the analytical method was evaluated with oyster tissue as certified reference material (NIST-1566b) digested in microwave system and containing a concentration of 197.2 ± 6.0 mg of Al/kg of tissue. The results for accuracy through the percent recovery rate were 100.60 and 100.51 % for F-AAS and GF-AAS, respectively. Finally, the applicability of the method was evaluated by fortifying rats’ tissues and controls. The results for accuracy by the recovery rate ranged between 99.32 and 109.00 %.Se validó el método para cuantificar aluminio (Al) en tejidos de ratas Sprague Dawley mediante espectroscopia de absorción atómica por flama (EAA-F) y por horno de grafito (EAA-HG). La linealidad se evaluó mediante el coeficiente de correlación (r), cuyos resultados fueron de 1.000 y 0.9993 para EAA-F y EAA-HG, respectivamente. La exactitud fue de 100.62 y 97.75 % de recuperación, en tanto que la precisión fue de 0.61 y 1.30 % del coeficiente de variación para EAA-F y EAA-HG, respectivamente. La precisión también se evaluó en condiciones de repetibilidad; el resultado obtenido indica que el método es repetible para las concentraciones de aluminio (Al) utilizadas y determinadas por EAA-F y EAA-HG. Los resultados de límite de detección y límite de cuantificación para Al determinados por EAA-F fueron de 0.06 y 0.19 mg/L, y de 0.05 y 0.18 µg/L por EAA-HG. Por otro lado, se evaluó la exactitud del método analítico con un material de referencia certificado de tejido de ostión (NIST-1566b) digerido en horno de microondas, el cual contiene una concentración 197.2 ± 6.0 mg de Al/Kg de tejido. Los resultados obtenidos para la exactitud a través del porcentaje de recuperación fueron de 100.60 % para EAA-F y de 100.51 % para EAA-HG. La aplicabilidad del método se evaluó mediante la fortificación de tejidos de ratas (mama, cerebro, hígado y hueso), así como controles digeridos en horno de microondas. Los resultados obtenidos para la exactitud mediante el porcentaje de recuperación fluctuaron entre 99.32 y 109.00
SEASONAL LEVELS OF HEAVY METALS IN SOFT TISSUE AND MUSCLE OF THE PEN SHELL Atrina maura (SOWERBY, 1835) (BIVALVIA: PINNIDAE) FROM A FARM IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
Get PDFThe pen shell (Atrina maura) is a filter-feeder bivalve that may accumulate metals in its body. The objective of this study was to determine seasonal concentrations of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg) in soft tissue and muscle of A. maura cultivated in a farm located in the southeastern coast of the Gulf of California from summer 2011 to summer 2012. Except for Cu, the higher metal concentrations were found during the dry season (winter 2011-spring 2012). The mean values in soft tissue fluctuated from 0.064 ± 0.01 µg/g (dry weight [dw]) for Hg to 485.66 ± 71.12 µg/g (dw) for Zn, while for muscle they varied from 0.058 ± 0.03 µg/g (dw) for Hg to 64.83 ± 4.90 µg/g (dw) for Zn. Concentrations of cadmium (18.15 µg/g in soft tissue and 1.82 µg/g in muscle, wet weight [ww]) and lead (2.31 µg/g in soft tissue, ww) exceeded the permissible limits (36.3, 3.64, and 2.31 times, respectively) recommended by the sanitary regulations of the official mexican standards. The results suggest that variation of metal levels in cultivated pen shell could be influenced by seasonality and anthropogenic activities such as agriculture and aquaculture developed around the culture zone. Continual monitoring of metals in farmed pen shell is recommended.The pen shell (Atrina maura) is a filter-feeder bivalve that may accumulate metals in its body. The objective of this study was to determine seasonal concentrations of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg) in soft tissue and muscle of A. maura cultivated in a farm located in the southeastern coast of the Gulf of California from summer 2011 to summer 2012. Except for Cu, the higher metal concentrations were found during the dry season (winter 2011-spring 2012). The mean values in soft tissue fluctuated from 0.064 ± 0.01 µg/g (dry weight [dw]) for Hg to 485.66 ± 71.12 µg/g (dw) for Zn, while for muscle they varied from 0.058 ± 0.03 µg/g (dw) for Hg to 64.83 ± 4.90 µg/g (dw) for Zn. Concentrations of cadmium (18.15 µg/g in soft tissue and 1.82 µg/g in muscle, wet weight [ww]) and lead (2.31 µg/g in soft tissue, ww) exceeded the permissible limits (36.3, 3.64, and 2.31 times, respectively) recommended by the sanitary regulations of the official mexican standards. The results suggest that variation of metal levels in cultivated pen shell could be influenced by seasonality and anthropogenic activities such as agriculture and aquaculture developed around the culture zone. Continual monitoring of metals in farmed pen shell is recommended
IMPACTO DE LA MINERÍA DEL ORO ASOCIADO CON LA CONTAMINACIÓN POR MERCURIO EN SUELO SUPERFICIAL DE SAN MARTÍN DE LOBA, SUR DE BOLÍVAR (COLOMBIA)
Get PDFHuman activities have increased mercury (Hg) contamination of terrestrial environments, especially gold mining areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate total Hg concentrations (T-Hg) in surface soil samples of San Martín de Loba, south of Bolívar (Colombia), to determine their Hg contamination level. For that purpose, 202 surface soil samples were collected. T-Hg levels were measured by electrothermal atomization and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The T-Hg surface soil concentrations ranged between 0.002 and 23.83 μg/g, with a median value of 3.40 ± 0.36 μg/g, which is slightly higher than the international Hg soil levels. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for soils reached values greater than 5, indicating extreme pollution (Class 6) in 17 % of samples, while 70 % was Class 5 (strongly to extremely polluted). This study also provides a risk map to evaluate potential negative repercussions. In conclusion, the municipality of San Martín de Loba can be considered as a strongly polluted area with high Hg content. Technology used to extract gold through amalgamation processes causes a high degree of Hg pollution around this gold mining area. Therefore, alternative extraction methods should be considered to reduce Hg levels that can be released into the environment and affect human health.Las actividades humanas han aumentado la contaminación por mercurio (Hg) en los ambientes terrestres, especialmente en áreas de minería de oro. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las concentraciones de mercurio total (Hg-t) en muestras de suelo superficial de San Martin de Loba, sur de Bolívar (Colombia), así como determinar el nivel de contaminación en el suelo. Un total de 202 muestras de suelo superficial fueron colectadas en San Martín de Loba. Los niveles de Hg-t fueron medidos por atomización electrotérmica y espectroscopia de absorción atómica. Las concentraciones de Hg-t variaron de 0.002 a 23.83 μg/g, con un valor medio de 3.40 ± 0.36 μg/g, el cual es ligeramente más alto que para el Hg en suelo a nivel mundial. El índice de geo-acumulación (Igeo) para suelo alcanzó valores superiores a 5, indicando una contaminación extrema (Clase 6) en el 17 % de las muestras, mientras que el 70 % fueron Clase 5 (fuertemente a extremadamente contaminado). Este estudio también ofrece un mapa de riesgos para evaluar las posibles repercusiones negativas. En conclusión, el municipio de San Martín de Loba puede considerarse una zona fuertemente contaminada con alto contenido de Hg. La tecnología utilizada para extraer oro a lo largo de los procesos de amalgamación provoca un alto grado de contaminación por Hg en torno a esta área de minería de oro. Por lo tanto, deben considerarse métodos alternativos de extracción para reducir los niveles de Hg que pueden liberarse al medio ambiente y afectar la salud humana
OLEORRESINA DE COPAIBA COMO MATERIA PRIMA PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE BIODIÉSEL
Get PDFOn this research, the potential of oleoresin extracted from the tree Copaifera reticulata was analyzed for the production of biofuel starting from the transesterification process. Properties like viscosity, acid, moisture, flash point and melt fluidity index were determined for both the raw and the chemically modified oleoresin. Its behavior on low temperatures and its oxidative stability were included on the characterization. It was determined that the route used for the production of biodiesel is not suitable because it generates a high loss of oleoresin, since the overall performance in biofuel production was approximately 10 %. Still, refining processes and transesterification had a positive effect on the oxidative stability of oleoresin. With respect to raw oleoresin, the stability of refined oleoresin and copaiba biodiesel increased to 46 and 47 ºC, respectively. According to the fluidity points, in all cases the behavior on cold fluidity significantly exceeds the established ranges. Copaiba biodiesel showed a fluidity point below –39 ºC. According to the values of viscosity and density, the use of oleoresin in its raw or modified forms, although directly conditioned, could be considered in mixtures with gasoil or other biofuels to improve their low temperature properties. Further studies are needed to establish efficient routes for the chemical modification of oleoresin.La investigación consistió en analizar el potencial de la oleorresina extraída del árbol Copaifera reticulata para la producción de biodiésel a partir del proceso de transesterificación. La caracterización incluyó el estudio de la fluidez a bajas temperaturas, la estabilidad oxidativa y la determinación de propiedades como viscosidad, índice de acidez y de fluidez, humedad, y punto de inflamación de la oleorresina tanto cruda como modificada por vía química. Se observó que la técnica empleada para la producción de biodiésel genera pérdidas de oleorresina, ya que el rendimiento global en la producción fue cercano al 10 %. Sin embargo, los procesos de refinado y transesterificación influyeron positivamente sobre la estabilidad oxidativa de la oleorresina. Respecto de la oleorresina cruda, la estabilidad de la oleorresina refinada y el biodiésel de copaiba se incrementaron en 46 y 47 ºC, respectivamente. De acuerdo con los puntos de fluidez, en todos los casos el comportamiento de flujo en frío supera significativamente los rangos establecidos. El biodiésel presentó un punto de fluidez inferior a –39 ºC. Según los valores de viscosidad y densidad, el uso de la oleorresina en sus formas cruda o modificado —aunque condicionado de forma directa— podría considerarse en mezclas con gasóleo u otros biocombustibles, a fin de mejorar sus propiedades a bajas temperaturas. Estudios posteriores permitirán establecer técnicas eficientes para la modificación química de la oleorresina
ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO SOBRE LA ASOCIACIÓN DE METALES PESADOS Y LA NEFROPATÍA DE ETIOLOGÍA DESCONOCIDA EN EL PONIENTE DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO
Get PDFIn the western State of Mexico, half of the hospital admissions for chronic kidney diseases (CKD) not associated with diabetes mellitus or hypertension correspond to subjects less than 40 years of age. Therefore, this CKD is considered of unknown causes (CKDu). In this paper we studied whether there was an association between the presence of metals and risk factors with this CKDu. We performed a transversal analytical study of 100 cases and 100 controls. A questionnaire was applied to acknowledge exposition to alcohol, tobacco, drugs, nutrition, or occupational risks. Additionally, we determined in 50 samples and 50 controls the concentration of the metals arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead. Finally, a map was constructed with the geographic references of housing from 100 patients. After performing a bivariate logistic regression, we determined that there is a statistically significant association between CKDu and smoking, occupational exposure to construction, blacksmithing, and exposure to arsenic. A larger sample is required to verify the risk of occupational exposure to the paper industry and the consumption of acetaminophen, naproxen, and cadmium. Values obtained in this work for these variables are only informative. The cases studied are in the Río Lerma basin, one of the most contaminated in the country. The CKDu present in the State of Mexico seems to be very similar to that of Siri Lanka and of the Central American Pacific; therefore, larger scale studies are required.En el occidente del Estado de México, la mitad de los ingresos hospitalarios por insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC) no asociada a diabetes mellitus ni a hipertensión arterial corresponden a personas menores de 40 años. Por lo tanto, esta IRC se considera de causas desconocidas (IRCd). En este trabajo se estudió la asociación entre la presencia de metales y factores de riesgo para IRCd. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico de 100 casos y 100 testigos. Se aplicó un cuestionario para conocer las adicciones y exposiciones (alimentarias, ocupacionales y medicamentosas) de los sujetos. En 50 casos y 50 testigos se determinó la concentración de los metales arsénico, cadmio, mercurio y plomo en muestras de cabello. Finalmente, se construyó un mapa con la posición de la vivienda de los 100 pacientes. Con base en una regresión logística bivariada se determinó que existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la IRCd y el consumo de tabaco, exposición ocupacional a la construcción y herrería, y exposición a arsénico. Es necesaria una muestra mayor para comprobar la exposición ocupacional a la industria del papel, al consumo de paracetamol, naproxeno y cadmio. Los valores obtenidos en este trabajo para estas variables mencionadas son sólo informativos. Los casos estudiados se localizan en la cuenca del Rio Lerma, uno de los más contaminados del país. La IRCd presente en el Estado de México parece ser muy similar a la de Siri Lanka y la del Pacífico centroamericano, por lo que se requieren estudios a mayor escala.
BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE OYSTERS Crassostrea corteziensis AND C. sikamea OF COSPITA BAY, SINALOA, MEXICO
Get PDFThis work aimed to quantify the bacterial loads and determine the taxonomic composition of the microbial communities of oysters Crassostrea corteziensis and C. sikamea, as well as the surrounding waters of Cospita Bay, using two sets of samples (M1 and M4) obtained in the dry season and two (M2 and M3) in the rainy season. Bacterial loads were quantified with the viable count technique and out of the 320 strains isolated for their different morphologies, 84 were identified with molecular techniques to the species level. These species pertained to the families Vibrionaceae, Bacillaceae, Brucellaceae, Micrococcaceae, Pseudoalteromonaceae, Rhodobactereceae, Shewanellaceae and Staphylococcaceae. The higher concentrations of total bacteria were in the rainy season (samples M2 and M3), when families Vibrionaceae and Brucellaceae dominated. The highest Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. concentrations were in winter (samples M4). Probably because of its poor health conditions, the Kumamoto oyster C. sikamea had the highest diversity of bacterial species and the highest number of known pathogens for aquatic organisms.This work aimed to quantify the bacterial loads and determine the taxonomic composition of the microbial communities of oysters Crassostrea corteziensis and C. sikamea, as well as the surrounding waters of Cospita Bay, using two sets of samples (M1 and M4) obtained in the dry season and two (M2 and M3) in the rainy season. Bacterial loads were quantified with the viable count technique and out of the 320 strains isolated for their different morphologies, 84 were identified with molecular techniques to the species level. These species pertained to the families Vibrionaceae, Bacillaceae, Brucellaceae, Micrococcaceae, Pseudoalteromonaceae, Rhodobactereceae, Shewanellaceae and Staphylococcaceae. The higher concentrations of total bacteria were in the rainy season (samples M2 and M3), when families Vibrionaceae and Brucellaceae dominated. The highest Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp. concentrations were in winter (samples M4). Probably because of its poor health conditions, the Kumamoto oyster C. sikamea had the highest diversity of bacterial species and the highest number of known pathogens for aquatic organisms