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Measuring the impact of legal frameworks on orphans\u27 access to education in Pakistan: a quantitative analysis
Full text linkThis study investigates the impact of the legal framework on orphans\u27 right to education in Pakistan. It examines the legislative measures designed to safeguard children\u27s access to education, focusing on orphans, the most vulnerable group. The study is grounded in the theoretical framework of children\u27s rights and social justice theories, which highlight the state\u27s responsibility to ensure equal educational opportunities for all children, regardless of their socio-economic status. Additionally, this research analyses constitutional provisions that recognize education as a fundamental right and evaluates how these provisions are implemented in practice. It also investigates how their paternal families and mothers support their educational attainment. Empirical data was collected from orphaned children to assess their access to education and the degree of familial support they receive. This study also explores socio-cultural factors that may affect an orphan\u27s educational opportunities, including the influence of traditional family structures, economic constraints, and social perceptions. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on education equity, legal protection for marginalized children, and policy recommendations for improving access to education for orphans in Pakistan. The findings identified gaps in the legal framework and suggested strategies for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance educational opportunities for orphaned children
The impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth: empirical evidence from Pakistan and Afghanistan
Full text linkThe economic crises of Pakistan and Afghanistan are linked to the high fiscal deficit in the past, which has affected economic growth. The research aims to investigate the effect of fiscal deficit on economic growth with the data from 1973 to 2022 in Pakistan and 2002 to 2022 in Afghanistan and the ARDL procedure to estimate the model. The study investigates whether the fiscal deficit improves economic growth and how much the deficit can be minimised to maintain economic stability in Pakistan and Afghanistan. This study found that, over a long period, the fiscal deficit adversely impacts GDP growth in Pakistan. Similarly, the national debt has an adverse effect on GDP growth in Afghanistan. Moreover, in the near run, the fiscal deficit has a negative effect on GDP growth in Pakistan. Similarly, the national debt has a negative effect on GDP growth in Afghanistan. Therefore, this study concluded that the fiscal deficit harms GDP growth and does not support the Keynesian theory regarding the deficit in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Thus, this study endorsed that the government should increase the revenue to cover expenditures to eradicate or lessen the fiscal deficit and debt
Systemic conflict transformation approach to ethnic conflicts: a reflection from Balochistan, Pakistan
Full text linkThis research aimed to construct a model to examine the root causes, design the peace structure for intervention, and plan the pathways for transforming ethnic conflicts in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. The current approaches to intervention in ethnic conflicts often lack a thorough analysis of the complexity of conflicts and transformation plans. This research adopted the Systemic Conflict Transformation framework of the Berghof Foundation for Peace Support of 2006, with certain amendments to suit the context of Balochistan. The project is significant because implementing this model would lead to conflict resolution, relation-building, and peace in the region. A qualitative methodology with the case study approach has been employed to address the research objectives. This study incorporated non-structure interviews, a review of existing literature, and personal reflections for constructing a peace framework. The findings indicate that the systemic conflict model is applicable in the context of Balochistan. It effectively identifies the apparent and hidden factors of conflicts and offers a comprehensive and actionable plan for conflict transformation, providing a comprehensive solution. This study recommends adopting this model by state authorities, government, and peace agents involved in ethnic conflicts to foster peace and harmony and rebuild regional relations
The impact of the Korean cultural wave on the attitudes and practices of Pakistani youth
Full text linkThis study delves into the profound influence of Korean culture on the behaviour of young Pakistanis, particularly in Islamabad. Korean popular culture, with its pervasive presence in music, television shows, movies, and other forms of entertainment media, has captivated a global audience. Through commerce, social media, and globalisation, Korean cultural traits have permeated many countries, including Pakistan. However, previous research on the Korean wave has largely overlooked its behavioural consequences in favour of its economic and political components. This qualitative study focuses on young Pakistanis who have been exposed to Korean culture for at least two years. The results of a thematic analysis of ten in-depth interviews revealed that Korean entertainment\u27s originality and aesthetic appeal resonate with a younger demographic. After engaging with Korean cultural goods, they are more likely to invest time and money into Korean cultural events. Additionally, young Pakistanis are influenced by Korean cultural norms and practices through this involvement, which leads to significant changes in their language usage, gender roles, and social behaviours
The 2022 floods in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: an assessment of the impacts on the Afghan Refugees
Full text linkThe 2022 floods in Pakistan have been disastrous for the country, as they have impacted almost all the provinces of Pakistan. This paper investigates the impacts of the 2022 floods on the residents of Kheshgi refugee village in district Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which was vulnerable and exposed to the floods. It had devastating impacts on people’s lives. It was thus important to investigate its impacts on the Afghan refugees in the Kheshgi refugee village. The study focused on the impacts of the infrastructure of the refugee village, economic impacts, impacts on the people’s livelihood, psychological and physical impacts, impacts on the women, children, and PWDs, and environmental impacts. The paper explores the lived experiences of Afghan refugees in times of crisis and natural disasters such as floods. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with the flood-affected people of the community who have faced the 2022 flood impacts and from the staff of the humanitarian organisations that have provided support to the affected people. The findings of the study reveal that the 2022 floods impacted all aspects of the Afghan refugees’ lives in the Kheshgi refugee village, which brought various hurdles and challenges for the community people
Geospatial analysis of flood causes and extent of flood damages in Swat Valley, North Pakistan
Full text linkFloods are the most dangerous and recurring natural hazard that can destroy people’s property, lives, and livelihoods, and they occur because of extreme weather events, population expansion, and the lack of effective preparedness measures. The key reasons included unplanned built-up regions, town expansion on the mountain slopes, lack of awareness, and poverty. Floods are considered one of Pakistan\u27s most devastating and recurring natural catastrophes. Similarly, district Swat is a highly prone area to flooding and has been severely impacted by recent floods in 2010, 2016, and 2020. Primary data were acquired through field surveys and direct observation. For micro-level analysis, four villages were selected randomly, i.e. Ningulai, Amamdherai, Shagai, and Paklai. The analysis revealed that floods mainly occurred in summer in July and August in upper Swat, while riverine floods were experienced in lower Swat. The resultant analysis shows that 95 people died in July 2010, 19 in 2016, and 13 in floods in 2020. The comparison of pre-and-post-flood satellite images reveals that significant changes happened in the post-flood scenario, most notably in the water class, and it was found that the area under water bodies has increased in the post-flood situation
Study of gamma spectroscopy and radiological health hazards of primordial radionuclides in granite samples of district Swabi, Pakistan
Full text linkThis research evaluates natural radioactivity levels of Primordial Radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K and the associated radiological hazards in granite samples of District Swabi, Pakistan. This was accomplished by employing a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray detector, and a total of 20 granite samples were analysed. Average specific activity levels were determined to be 4.470, 11.812, and 140.738 Bq/kg for 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K, respectively. As a result, a total average activity of 157.021 Bq/kg was found in the Swabi granite samples. Given their possible health risks, such as cancer, and the long-term effects of continual exposure through breathing, it is critical to investigate the radiological dangers posed by these primordial radionuclides. 232Th activity is 3%, 226Ra is 7%, and 40K is 90% of the total. The measured activity concentrations were then used to determine the radium equivalent, the excessive lifetime cancer risk, and different indoor and outdoor radiological hazard indices. The estimated values for these indices were discovered to be well within the safe ranges advised by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). As a result, the study found that granite from the Swabi district is considered safe for construction use
Climate change impacts: exploring the rising climate-security nexus in Pakistan
Full text linkThis research aims to bring to the fore the climate security nexus in Pakistan. According to this study, the anthropogenic climate change in Pakistan has been a probable cause of internal migrations that have played an important role in exacerbating the existing conflicts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Sindh, and Balochistan provinces. The climate security nexus in Pakistan is established through a deductive approach using the lens of environmental security and political ecology. The study plays a crucial role in shaping Pakistani policy-making circles, providing insights into climate change mitigation, conflict-sensitive adaptation, and societal resilience. The study adopts an exploratory approach using primary and secondary data sources with semi-structured interviews and multidisciplinary assessment to analyse the issue comprehensively and provide accurate findings. The study concludes that the anthropogenic climate change-induced internal migration exacerbating armed conflict in the Pakistani regions of KP and Balochistan has the potential to cause significant economic losses in the future. It argues that the migration triggered by resource scarcity due to climate change can lead to armed conflict and provide fertile grounds for militant groups to gain strength.
Causal link between governance and economic growth: empirical evidence from the SAARC countries
Full text linkGood governance is influential in boosting a country\u27s GDP growth and economic development. This paper investigates the causal link between the governance indicators and GDP growth of SAARC countries, employing panel data from 1996-2020. The empirical results obtained from panel ARDL/PMG techniques indicate that corruption negatively and significantly impacts GDP growth (later on GDPg) with long-term effects. The influence of political stability on economic growth is positive and significant. However, the impact of political stability and control of corruption on GDP growth is unimportant in the short run, meaning that these factors do not immediately impact economic growth. The influence of labour participation, capital, human capital, FDI, and inflation on GDP growth is noteworthy in the long term. Still, these variables have an unimportant impact on GDP growth in the short run. The results of the pairwise Granger causality test indicate the presence of no causality between political stability and GDP growth, as well as corruption and GDP growth. Based on the empirical results, the study recommends a dire need for good governance in the SAARC countries, where political stability should be strengthened, and corruption has to be minimised to enhance GDP growth
Analysis and assessment of ground water from Kyanggone region, Myanmar for arsenic contamination
Full text linkArsenic and many of its compounds are incredibly potent poisons. Arsenic-contaminated groundwater consumption is the main route of human exposure to arsenicosis. Myanmar is also affected by arsenic contamination, mainly in Ayeyarwady Division. This study aims to observe and compare the arsenic concentration of wells in the Kyanggone region with the WHO and Myanmar National Drinking Water Quality Standards (MNDWQS). MNDWQ standards. Also, this study focuses on statics results of the public awareness dealing with arsenic. Some of the wells in the Kyanggone region were tested to investigate the arsenic concentration. Survey data were collected from 138 people using the survey data collection method to know the current association of arsenic with the public in the Kyanggone region. The collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. This paper provides the results of arsenic-contaminated wells and public knowledge on arsenic and arsenic-contaminated drinking water. This study showed that knowledge and information about arsenic are still needed to know the reality and more training must be made to have more awareness of public arsenic. Also, it is claimed that a suitable, economical, and effective treatment method must be applied to prevent the public lives from arsenic poisoning