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An evaluative study of the induction policy’s impact on teachers’ performance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Full text linkThis research aimed to analyse the performance of teachers who have received a professional educational degree versus those who have not, as per the new induction policy introduced in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2019. Data were collected from 20 male teachers using the nonparticipant observation technique and ten principals via semi-structured interviews. Participants were selected through convenient sampling from 10 different primary schools in the Dir Upper district. The quantitative data were analysed using the independent sample t-test, while thematic analysis was used for the interviewed data. The findings showed a significant difference in teachers\u27 performance with and without professional degrees for teaching and management skills. However, no significant difference was found in teachers\u27 performance with and without professional degrees for discipline and regularity and interpersonal relations between teachers with and without professional degrees. The study suggests that teachers\u27 performance can be improved by providing them with training in a real classroom environment with a robust monitoring mechanism while ensuring high discipline and regularity in the school. Further, to enhance interpersonal relationships, teachers must be educated on the significance of teamwork, cooperative work within the school, integration of modern information and communication technology (ICT), and interactive and student-centred teaching pedagogies
Communication skills among prospective teachers: a need analysis for 21st Century university teachers in Islamabad, Pakistan
Full text linkThis study assessed the communication skills among prospective university teachers of the 21st Century. The model of communication skills given by Elizabeth (2009) was selected as a theoretical framework based on seven traits, i.e., building a relationship, opening the discussion, gathering information, understanding students\u27 perspectives, sharing information, reaching an agreement, and providing a conclusion. The researchers used a quantitative approach and a comparative research design. The sample for this research was drawn using a stratified random sampling technique, focusing on a public sector National University of Modern Languages (NUML), Islamabad. The sample consisted of 60 teachers from NUML, who were selected randomly. The study assessed the female and male prospective teachers’ communication skills. Data has been collected through classroom observations and teacher feedback. For the validity of the research tool, the researchers consulted experts. The findings of this study show that female teachers have better communication skills than male prospective teachers. This research may contribute valuable information for educational institutions seeking to improve teaching methodologies and enhance the overall quality of language education. Training should encompass the effective use of digital tools, online platforms, and multimedia resources to engage students and facilitate interactive learning experiences
Life skills development in students at secondary level in Punjab: a need analysis
Full text linkThis work assesses students\u27 life skills development levels and compares the life skills development among students based on gender at the secondary level. The model of social skills development and behaviour (SSDBC), which was given by Kadesjo et al. (2017), was chosen as a theoretical framework. The social skill development and behaviour model consisted of multiple attributes, i.e. empathy, teamwork, emotions, communication, physical appearance, relationships and confidence. The quantitative research paradigm is employed with a descriptive research design, utilising a survey method for data collection. The population of this work consisted of male and female teachers at Punjab government schools. A stratified random sampling technique was applied to select the sample. A 20% sample was taken from each stratum. The Social Skills Development and Behaviour Checklist (SSDBC) was adapted for data collection. Results revealed that the majority of students (62%) possessed above-average life skills. It was also revealed that female students possessed higher life skills than male students, so based on these findings, it was suggested that teachers create a friendly environment in the classes so that all can participate and be interested in activities. Schools may arrange workshops for students on life skills development
Design and development of geothermal-based cooling system for human comfort
Full text linkIn this study, a geothermal cooling system is developed to address extreme heat conditions in regions like Nawabshah, Pakistan, by utilising the earth’s stable underground temperature. This system uses ground-source cooling, powered by a 12V solar PV system or battery, as a low-energy alternative for areas with a limited electricity supply. The experiment demonstrates that a geothermal cooling system could help redress indoor temperatures by up to 16°C during peak summer, resulting in a lower grid-connected or fossil fuel-based cooling system requirement. The results obtained through this study suggest a significant reduction in indoor temperature, ultimately enhancing comfort levels and reducing the reliance on conventional cooling systems like air conditioning. Moreover, the system design is easily adaptable to other regions with similar climates, highlighting its potential for widespread use. However, pipe configuration optimisation is needed to minimise costs and maximise heat transfer rate. This research emphasises geothermal technologies\u27 potential as a cost-effective cooling system, ultimately reducing carbon emissions and improving energy efficiency
A systematic review on a comparative study of AI techniques for the classification of brain tumour
Full text linkThis paper explores advances in Machine Learning (MI) techniques for detecting brain tumours using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. Previous research used a variety of algorithms, although there are disparities in terms of efficacy, reliability, computational complexity, and execution time. An early and exact diagnosis of brain tumours is required to improve treatment success and patient survival. This study thoroughly examines existing MI and newly invented deep learning algorithms, emphasising their performance in detecting, segmenting, and classifying tumour images. Furthermore, it examines the most recent advances in cancer grade classification and segmentation, emphasising the use of MI, digital image processing, and medical experience to increase diagnosis accuracy. Notable models, such as deep neural networks and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), have achieved accuracy rates of 98%, with some models nearing 99%. This study seeks to give a clear roadmap for future research in the rapidly growing field of brain tumour diagnostics, emphasizing the importance of imaging technologies such as MRI and sophisticated computational tools in early identification and treatment planning. The evaluation intends to provide a guide for further investigations in the developing field of brain tumour diagnostics
Role of China’s diplomacy in the Middle East and Saudi-Iran peace deal: implications for the region
Full text linkThe Middle East is one of the critical regions in global politics and diplomacy. The economic development of this region has attracted the attention of superpowers, especially the US, to have its influence in these countries by establishing military and economic connections. The US enjoyed enormous influence in this region with no competition. China is exponentially expanding its economic might and may surpass the US in a few years in terms of the world\u27s biggest economy. China has also stepped into diplomatic fronts and established cordial ties with the Middle Eastern nations, mainly due to its economic projects. Recently, China brokered a peace deal between Saudi Arabia and Iran, which has led to the restoration of diplomatic relations between both arch-rivals of the Middle East. This has been a significant breakthrough in the politics of the Middle East and significantly boosted China\u27s diplomatic presence in the region. This research examines the Chinese involvement in the Middle East, its economic and diplomatic initiatives, and how China has enabled itself to emerge as a peacemaker in the region. This research also sheds light on the evolving dynamics of Middle East politics and its consequences on the interests of the US
Role of Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qaiyum Khan in constitutional reforms in the North-West Frontier Province of the British India
Full text linkThis paper analyses the services of Sahibzada Abdul Qaiyum Khan in granting constitutional reform to North-West Frontier. Quaid-i-Azam of Sarhad, Sahibzada Abdul Qaiyum, after his retirement from government service in 1919, started a struggle for constitutional reforms to the North-West Frontier. The constitutional reforms introduced in British India since its inception in 1901 were not extended timely to North-West Frontier, due to which it remained a Chief Commissioner\u27s Province till 1932. Sahibzada Abdul Qaiyum pleaded the case on all fronts, including the Bray Committee, Indian Legislative Assembly, Delhi Proposals, annual sessions of All India Muslim League, Simon Commission, Haig Committee, and Round Table Conferences held in London. After a long struggle, North-West Frontier was levelled from a Commissioner Province to a Governor Province, and a Legislative Council was formed in 1932. After the elections, Sahibzada Abdul Qaiyum was elected as the Minster of the Transferred Departments of N-W.F.P. After five years, according to the Act of 1935, the Legislative Assembly was formed, and he was elected as the first Chief Minister of N-W.F.P. in 1937. The article reviewed primary and secondary data available in the provincial archives, Peshawar, National Documentation Centre, Islamabad, British Library, London, and other libraries
The dynamics of Pakistan-US relations after US withdrawal from Afghanistan: challenges and prospects
Full text linkSince the 1950s till February 2023, ties between Pakistan and the United States (US) have seen many highs and lows. The current dynamics of Pakistan-US relations after the US withdrawal from Afghanistan have posed myriad challenges and further complicated the relationship between the two countries. The withdrawal has impacted the dynamics of the relationship between Pakistan and the US, and the implications of this shift have far-reaching consequences for regional security and stability. The paper discusses those challenges and brings forth the prospects that will shape the future of the relationship after new developments, including security concerns, geo-economic, people-to-people ties, and climate change. The researchers put the study together by using a qualitative research design. The theoretical framework of research is based on using soft power, which suggests that Pakistan-US relations could be improved by prioritising diplomacy, trade, dialogue, and cooperation rather than relying on threats and coercion. Overcoming the historical animosity in the Pakistan-US relationship presents a significant challenge for both states. Engaging in sustained and constructive dialogue will require mutual trust, prudence, determination, and strong political will. The paper concludes by stressing the importance of cooperation over common issues, trust-building, and a geo-economic approach to the relationship
Efficient control charting methodology based on Distance Weighted Mean for normal distribution
Full text linkThis research suggests a Distance Weighted Mean (DWM) based control chart under normal distribution implementing Simple Random Sampling (SRS). The control limits are calculated using the quantile point method. The control chart\u27s performance is assessed using the Average Run Length (ARL) statistic. The numerical findings are illustrated using samples of sizes 3 and 5. The ARL1 values are determined using Monte Carlo Simulation for increasing and decreasing shifts in the location parameter ranging from 5% to 30%. Using the ARL1 measurement, the proposed DWM control charts are compared to the existing Shewhart control charts. According to the comparison analysis, the suggested DWM control chart surpasses the competing Shewhart control chart. The real-life application of the proposed DWM control chart is also shown by using the lifetime of the light bulb (in hours). The results suggest that the proposed DWM control chart can be a useful tool for monitoring process mean shifts, especially when the sample size is large, and the magnitude of the shift is significant
The impact of social media influencers on purchase intention: examining the mediating role of credibility in Sindh, Pakistan
Full text linkSocial media influencer marketing is a brand-new digital marketing tool where influencers shape consumers’ perceptions of products, services, and brands. They can influence buying behaviour by posting images, reviews, and personal experiences on social media. Over the past few years, consumers have significantly become aware of influencers. This research paper aims to identify the numerous characteristics of influencers affecting social media, influencing their credibility and consumer intentions towards purchasing in Sindh, Pakistan. Consequently, a framework that shows the connections between trustworthiness and reliability. A framework that can directly impact an influencer’s credibility on social media and an indirect impact on a customer’s intention to make a purchase. Closed-ended survey questionnaires were used to obtain the data, and “purposive sampling” was used to select respondents in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and validity tests were used to conduct and check the hypotheses. Smart-PLS was applied to the data collected for a detailed analysis. The findings of this observation stated that the consumer’s intent to make a purchase is directly affected by the influencer’s credibility on social media. However, expertise had no significant effect on the influencer’s credibility, but it indirectly impacted a consumer’s purchase intention