Mak IR Repository (Makerere University)
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Family history, stress and alcohol use: a case of gender differences
No full textA research dissertation submitted to School of Psychology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a Degree of Master of Science in Clinical Psychology of Makerere UniversityAlcohol use is a significant public health concern, with contributing factors such as family history and stress, and research often shows that men and women experience stress and alcohol use differently due to biological, psychological, and social factors. This study investigated how gender influences the relationship between family history, stress, and alcohol use. The study employed a quantitative correlational research design with a sample of 427 (147 Male and 280 Female) individuals from Nakawa division. Data were collected through self-report questionnaire and analyzed using ANOVA, t-Test, and moderation analysis using PROCESS. The results of the study indicated that the relationship between family history and alcohol use were significantly influenced by gender among the respondents (p = .01), meaning that history did not have a noticeable effect on stress levels when gender as taken into account. Furthermore, stress and alcohol use was found to be significantly influenced by gender of the respondents (p = < .01). Moreover, the study highlighted that individuals with elevated stress levels and a family history of alcohol problems were more likely to exhibit higher levels of alcohol use, with the effects varying by gender (β = .5692, t = 3.0437, p = .001 < .01). Thus, while family history of alcohol problems is associated with alcohol use, this connection is stronger for different genders, suggesting that men and women may experience and respond to these risk factors differently. The findings can inform policymakers, clinicians, and social workers to develop evidence-based programs that address stress management, alcohol prevention, and support for individuals with a family history of alcohol problems in a longer run
Trader’s perceptions towards the minimum wage bill in Uganda: a case study of Kikuubo market, Kampala city
No full textA research report submitted to the College of Business and Management Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a degree of Master of Economic Policy Management of Makerere University.The International Labour Organization’s Minimum Wage Fixing Convention 26 compels Uganda as one of its partner states to set minimum wages for her citizens. In this regard, the Parliament of Uganda passed the Minimum Wage Bill 2015 on 20th February 2019. To establish readiness, a study was conducted to examine the perception of traders in Kikuubo Market towards the minimum wage bill 2015 for Uganda. Specifically, the study examined the knowledge and attitude of traders towards minimum wage payment, the impact of minimum wage on traders; as well as the policy implications of the minimum wage bill on the economy of Uganda. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design and collected both quantitative and qualitative data from a sample size of 369 out of 435 traders (employers and employees). The study population included traders, Kikuubo Market leaders, Kampala City Traders Association (KACITA) leaders, and Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) staff. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in the selection of study respondents. The study mainly used a questionnaire survey, interview and document review methods to gather data for this study. Quantitative data was analysed by computing descriptive statistics using IBM SPSS 26 software. On the other hand, qualitative data was analysed using thematic and content analysis techniques. The study results show that the majority of traders (73.8 per cent, 265/359) in Kikuubo market have ever heard about the minimum wage bill 2015 for Uganda. The main sources of information about the minimum wage bill 2015 in Uganda for the traders in Kikuubo market are newspapers (31.0 per cent), television (30.5 per cent) and radio (29.5 per cent) respectively. The majority of the traders indicated that they were willing to pay minimum wages (74.7 per cent, 268/359). However, traders indicated that they would comply with the Minimum wage bill 2015 for Uganda if it is a government directive (46.1 percent). The traders advanced that they would be reluctant to comply with the minimum wage bill 2015 because they could not afford minimum wages (58.2 per cent, 53/91) followed by those who decried high government corruption (19.8 per cent, 18/91). The majority of the traders indicated that the minimum wage bill in 2015 is likely to lead to unemployment (39.9 per cent). However, others reported that the minimum wage bill will lead to the employment of skilled workers (7.6 per cent). Few respondents (31.2 per cent, 112/359) indicated that minimum wage payment will reduce poverty among workers in Kikuubo market Kampala city. Also, the minimum wage payment will impact the economy of Uganda by increasing tax revenue (26.6 per cent). In conclusion, the level of knowledge about the minimum wage among traders in Kikuubo market Kampala city is quite high and hence have optimism to pay it if the government puts the necessary arrangements in place. The study therefore recommends: incentives such as tax holidays to traders, sensitization of both traders and employees, hiring of adequate labour officers to enforce payment of minimum wages, and creation of strong trade unions to bargain for better salaries above the minimum wages amongst the labour force stakeholders
Peer pressure, resilience and risky sexual behaviors among adolescents in Wakiso District.
No full textA dissertation submitted to the School of Psychology in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the Degree in a Master of Arts in Counselling Psychology of Makerere UniversityThe purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between Peer Pressure, Resilience and Risky Sexual Behaviors among Adolescents in Wakiso Uganda. Out of total population of 1000 adolescents, a sample of 217 participants was selected using simple random sampling technique. This study adopted purely quantitative study approach which took a correlational study design. Pearson correlation coefficient was also used to examine the relationship between study variables. For hypothesis 4, linear regression analysis was used for analysis. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship between peer pressure and risky sexual behavior, r = −0.281, p=0.000.05. Also the results of the current study indicated that there was significant relationship between risky sexual behaviors and resilience, r = 0.147, p = 0.031, <.05. It was also discovered that resilience did not mediate the relationship between peer pressure and risky sexual behaviors among adolescents β=-.281, P=0.000<.05, adjusted R-squared=0.071. Basing on the above findings, in line with the objectives the study recommends that Wakiso district and Onwards and Upwards secondary school, prioritize recruiting mental health workers especially counselling psychologists in all their facilities. These counseling psychologists will help develop programs to support different teams to empower adolescents with life skills. Through individual counseling sessions, group sessions, classroom guidance, workshops among others; students will gain skills to grow successfully amidst pressure, parents and other stakeholders will be equipped to successfully talk about sexuality with their teenagers. More so, peer to peer counseling should be prioritized in schools. With proper training, these peers may be a great influence in the process of guiding their peers against peer pressure and risky sexual behaviors
The Effect of external financing on economic growth in Uganda (1990 - 2023)
No full textA research report submitted to the College of Business and Management Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a degree of Master of Economic Policy and Planning of Makerere University.External financing is generally seen as an important catalyst for economic growth, particularly in countries with limited domestic capital. It plays a crucial role in enabling investments that foster development, enhance productivity, and stimulate various economic sectors. However, its effectiveness depends on how well it is managed and utilized within a country’s broader economic policies and structures. This study examines how external financing affects economic growth in Uganda. It uses time series data spanning 34 years from 1990 to 2023, with all variables obtained from the World Bank's World Development Indicators (WDI). The study utilizes the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron root tests to determine the order of integration, which shows a mix of I (0) and I (1) integration. Based on this mixed order, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is employed. The study findings confirm a positive relationship between debt service, foreign direct investment, foreign remittances, institutional quality, and inflation on gross domestic product growth, aligning with previous research. However, there is a negative relationship between external debt, exchange rate, and gross domestic product growth. This finding aligns with the literature on the debt overhang theory, which suggests that when a country’s debt level becomes too high, it discourages investment and slows economic growth. The study recommends that the government should focus on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of public spending by prioritizing investments in infrastructure, education, and healthcare. Additionally, the government should ensure that new borrowing aligns with growth objectives and that debt service obligations remain manageable by prioritizing loans likely to yield high economic returns
Changing trends in naming practices among the Baganda : a case of clan names
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfilment for the award of Master of Arts (African Languages) Degree of Makerere University.This dissertation, with a focus on clan names, investigates the changing trends in personal naming practices among the Baganda. The objectives of this study were to examine the cultural value of Ganda clan names; to investigate the changes in naming practices among the Baganda and to examine the factors for the changes in naming practices. In this study, I used interviewing and document analysis to collect the data. I conducted 15 interviews with Baganda aged 25 years and above. The study was carried out in Kampala and Wakiso Districts in the specific villages of Kawempe-Ttula, Matugga and Ssanga. The findings of this study indicated that clan names serve different purposes, for example; giving a unique identity to the Baganda, it is a form of cultural preservation; it is a way of fighting incest among the Baganda and; clan names promote unity among the Baganda. The study revealed the relevance of maintaining the practice of giving clan names among the Baganda. The study further found that the changing trends in naming practices among the Baganda are initiated by various factors such as education, religion, urbanisation, and advancements in technology, which inspire Baganda to use more contemporary names than clan names. Other factors were the adaptation of the Western culture; and the nuclearisation of families. This study recommends that parents should make efforts to make their children love their clan names by actively using them throughout their development stages and also endeavor to make them aware of the value attached to them
Knowledge management orientation, technology involvement and organizational learning capabilities in commercial banks in Uganda
No full textA dissertation presented to the School of Psychology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Master of Organizational Psychology Degree of Makerere UniversityThis study examined the influence of technology involvement (TI) on knowledge management orientation (KMO) and organizational learning capabilities (OLC) in commercial banks in Uganda. It stressed that organizations relying on traditional methods to capture, store and share knowledge often experience low learning capabilities and face competitive disadvantage. Adoption of modern technology platforms is crucial for them make efficient their knowledge management processes and improve organizational learning thereby fostering competitive advantage. A cross-sectional correlation research design was used and a sample of 340 employees from managerial and supervisory positions was selected across five bank using purposive sampling, Krejcie and Morgan formula and simple random sampling strategies. A quantitative research approach was used to collect the data through a questionnaire. Data analysis included Pearson correlation coefficient and Process macro mediation to test hypotheses.
Findings from Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated a significant relationship between KMO and OLC, significant relationship between KMO and TI and a significant relationship TI and OLC all with (p < 0.01). The process macro analysis showed a partial mediation of Technological Involvement on the relationship between Knowledge Management Orientation and Organizational Learning Capabilities. Based on these findings, organizations, particularly those in the banking sector, are recommended to prioritize the strategic alignment of Information Technology investments with knowledge management goals to foster a robust organizational learning environment
Optimizing the formulation for production of orange fleshed sweet potato-based composite flour with grain amaranth, biofortified bean and maize flour
No full textA thesis submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a degree of Master of Science in Food Science and Technology of Makerere UniversityComposite flours are an effective way to improve the nutritional intake of vulnerable populations, ensuring that essential nutrients are delivered through culturally acceptable, affordable, and locally available food sources. Orange fleshed sweet potatoes can significantly boost the nutritional quality of composite flours by adding essential nutrients making them a powerful tool in fighting malnutrition and improving health outcomes for vulnerable populations. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for production of nutrient enhanced orange fleshed sweet potato based composite flours and assess their potential as ingredients in porridge making. I-optimal design of design expert software was used to generate twenty (20) experimental runs. Extrusion cooking was carried out using a twin-screw extruder at a barrel temperature of 60, 120 and 150 ℃, screw speed of 350 rpm and feed moisture of 5%. The developed composite flours (raw and extruded) and commercial flour as control were analysed for proximate composition, functional properties, pasting properties and phytochemicals content. Porridges prepared from four optimized formulations were compared to one made from a commercial composite flour (control). Samples were evaluated by 50 consumers (26 females, 24 males) using a 9-point hedonic scale for sensory acceptance and a 5-point Likert scale for willingness to buy. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to understand the relationship between sensory attributes and consumer’s overall liking. The obtained results showed that bulk density significantly decreased from 0.776 to 0.515 g/ml, and was highest in the commercial flour (control) and least in extruded formulation (EF2). The highest water absorption capacity (528.57%) and oil absorption capacity (295.13%) were found in extruded formulations EF1 and EF2 respectively, whereas the least water absorption (227.71%) and oil absorption capacity (187.64%) were found in the commercial flour. The highest water absorption index (5.40 g/g) and water solubility index (57.81%) were observed in RF1 and EF2 respectively. Extruded blends EF1 and EF2 had the highest solubility (64.22 and 66.19%) respectively, whereas the swelling power was high (10.74 and 8.55%) in raw blends RF1 and RF2 respectively. There were significant (p< 0.05) differences in moisture, protein, dietary fibre, ash, fat, carbohydrates and gross energy. The moisture content and crude fat ranged from 7.72 to 5.84% and 5.65 to 2.30% respectively, whereas crude protein, total dietary fibre, ash and carbohydrates ranged from 15.45 to 18.16%, 0.46 to 4.04%, 1.39 to 3.81% and 79.02 to 86.87% respectively, and the gross energy varied between 427.74 and 437.75kcal. The peak, trough, breakdown, final and setback viscosities varied significantly (p< Ugx 5000 for a kilogram extruded flour composite flour (EF2) and between 5000 and 10000 for a kilogram of the raw composite flour (RF2). Results on properties of developed OFSP-based composite flour reveal that it is nutritionally superior to the commercial flour (control) on the market
Effect of the industrial sub-sectors on the economic growth of Uganda for the period 1983 to 2022
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Science in Quantitative Economics of Makerere UniversityThe primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of the industrial sub-sectors on economic growth of Uganda from 1983 to 2022, with a specific focus on the industry, manufacturing, and construction subsectors. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing historical data from these key industrial subsectors to avoid sample bias. The analysis applied the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to investigate both the short- and long-term relationships between these subsectors and Uganda's economic growth. Results revealed a weak positive correlation between GDP growth and industry, manufacturing, construction, labor force participation rate, and gross capital formation. Industrial growth has a mild association with GDP growth, while manufacturing shares may slightly dampen growth. Construction activities are significantly associated with economic expansion, and the labor force participation rate may not necessarily translate into GDP growth. The ARDL model demonstrated that in the long run, the construction subsector had a highly significant positive impact on GDP, with a coefficient of 0.48 (p < 0.01), indicating its critical role in driving economic growth. The industry subsector exhibited a marginally significant positive effect (coefficient = 0.23, p = 0.058), suggesting its potential to contribute to long-term growth. In contrast, manufacturing and capital investments did not show significant long-term effects on GDP. Labor force participation also had no measurable long-term impact on growth. In the short run, the results highlighted some volatility. Changes in industry had a marginally significant negative effect on GDP (coefficient = -0.605, p = 0.052), reflecting adjustment costs, while manufacturing exhibited a marginally positive influence (coefficient = 0.283, p = 0.061). Construction’s short-term effect was insignificant, emphasizing that its benefits are predominantly long-term. This study revealed the critical role of the construction and industry subsectors in driving long-term economic growth in Uganda while highlighting the limited contributions of manufacturing and other factors of production. To achieve sustainable economic growth, policy interventions should focus on maximizing the positive effects of the construction and industry subsectors while addressing inefficiencies and fostering growth in manufacturing. These insights provide a roadmap for aligning industrial policies with Uganda's economic development goals
Occurrence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) among cattle slaughtered at Arua City Abattoir
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training Makerere University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Master of Veterinary Medicine of Makerere UniversityContagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious respiratory disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. Mycoides SC. The disease is endemic in many countries of Africa including Uganda. However, there was no recent data on the prevalence of CBPP in West Nile region. This study therefore described CBPP implicating lung lesions and established the prevalence of CBPP infections from affected lung tissues among cattle slaughtered at Arua city abattoir. During postmortem examination of the slaughtered cattle particular attention was paid to the lungs and pleura. Lesions suggestive of pneumonia were recorded and described and lung tissue samples collected for histopathology and diagnostic PCR. The CBPP infection was confirmed by conventional PCR .A total of 384 slaughtered cattle were examined in a period of 3 months (July – September 2022). Among the cattle examined 44/384 (11.46%) had gross lesions suggestive of CBPP and majority (7.812%, 30/384) of the lung tissue with gross lesions suggestive of CBPP, also had histopathologic lesions suggestive of the disease. The common gross lesions observed in cattle with CBPP in this study included, lung consolidation, thickening of inter lobular septa, hepatization of lung parenchyma and adhesion of lungs to the thoracic wall. Histopathologic lesions included; multifocal lung necrosis, sequester formation, lung abscesses, thickened inter-alveolar septae and wide spread pulmonary congestion and haemorrhages. Out of the 44 carcasses with lung lesions suggestive of CBPP, Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides infection was confirmed in seven (1.82%, n=7) samples based on PCR detection. Cattle that had gross and microscopic lesions suggestive for CBPP were about seven times (OR=6.9697; p<0.001 (95% CI 3.097731-15.6816) likely to test positive for the disease by PCR. In conclusion, CBPP is prevalent among cattle slaughtered at Arua City abattoir. This warrants enforcement of control measures to mitigate the economic losses associated with CBPP
Micro credentialing guidelines for lifelong learning skills development of working adults in Kampala City, Uganda.
No full textA Dissertation submitted to the directorate of research and graduate training in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Master of Adult and Community Education of Makerere University.This study established micro-credentialing guidelines for lifelong skills development of working adults in Kampala city Uganda. It was guided by three specific objectives namely: (i) to establish micro credentials on offer in selected institutions in Kampala District; (ii) to analyze the micro credentialing delivery system, and (iii) to establish guidelines to be followed in the accreditation of Micro credentials. The researcher located the study in an interpretive paradigm and adopted a qualitative approach using case study design to aid the processes of data collection and analysis. I adopted purposive and convenience sampling strategy to collect data from 30 participants. The Micro credentials on offer in the selected Institutions in Kampala district were either online or in-person micro credentials. These included among others: quantitative data analysis, oral communication, software repair and networking programming just to mention but a few. The micro-credential delivery system varied from institution. In some institutions they were delivered theoretically while in others they were delivered practically. An institution wishing to become a micro credentialing institution should register with the Ministry of Education and Sports, developing a micro credential curriculum, train its facilitators on delivering micro credentials virtually or in-person, putting in place infrastructure for delivering micro credentials, develop robust quality assurance system and put in place authentic assessment tools. The findings underscored the role of micro-credentials as bite-sized, specialized learning modules offering practical, specific skills tailored to industry needs. Through diverse delivery methods and adherence to accreditation guidelines, institutions aim to equip learners with relevant competencies and enhance their employability. The study highlighted the importance of industry collaboration, continuous professional development for facilitators, and leveraging technology to improve the delivery and accreditation systems of micro-credentials. The study recommended that institutions should align micro-credential with industry needs, delivery systems made flexible and accommodative, institutions should adhere to quality assurance standards and accreditation guidelines and finally develop micro credential courses which are cost-effective.TELL