historia.scribere (Journal)
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Männlichkeitsvorstellungen im Ersten Weltkrieg. Eindrücke aus privaten Fotografien des Kaiserjägerarchivs von Soldaten aus Österreich-Ungarn an der Front
Get PDFIdeas of Masculinity in the First World War. Impressions from Private Photographs from the “Kaiserjägerarchiv” of Austro-Hungarian Frontline Soldiers
This paper explores the concept of masculinity within the Austro-Hungarian army during the First World War. Photographs are used to analyse how masculinity was portrayed in various contexts: on duty, within the military community, around civilians, and in relation to the male body. Connell\u27s concept of \u27hegemonic masculinity\u27 is utilised theoretically. It will be demonstrated that, although the soldier was categorised by military ranks, the boundaries of this role were not as strict as they appeared
Eine Frühform des Kolonialismus? Das Ausgreifen Genuas und Pisas auf die Mittelmeerinseln im 11. Jahrhundert
Get PDFAn Early Type of Colonialism? Genoa’s and Pisa’s Colonial Expansion to the Mediterranean Islands in the 11th Century
The following paper examines the actions taken by the maritime republics Genoa and Pisa in the 11th century to gain control over some of the islands in the Mediterranean Sea. Furthermore, it demonstrates how these actions can be labeled as colonial efforts in a modern sense. In particular, the operations on Sardinia serve as a vivid example. To illustrate these colonial efforts, the actions of Genoa and Pisa on the Mediterranean Islands are compared with Osterhammel’s and Conrad’s definitions of colonialism
Die Psychiatrisch-Neurologische Klinik der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Innsbruck zwischen 1932 und 1946
Get PDFThe Psychiatric-Neurological Clinic within the Medical Faculty of the University of Innsbruck between 1932 and 1946
This paper focuses on the Medical Faculty of the University of Innsbruck during the time of Austrofascism and National Socialism. The conflict between academic qualifications and political implications will be illustrated using the example of a reappointment procedure for the chair of the psychiatric-neurological clinic between 1934 and 1938. The two sides were the Ministry of Education in Vienna and the appointment committee in Innsbruck. The latter being close to National Socialist ideas. Futhermore, a possible ideological influence on teaching is examined based on the university’s course catalogues
Arma mulieremque cano: Antikenrezeptionen in der Geschichte von Olga von Kiew in der altrussischen Nestorchronik
Get PDFArma mulieremque cano: The Reception of Antique Motives within the Story of Olga of Kiev in the Old Russian Tale of Bygone Years
This paper analyses the campaign of vengeance of Olga of Kiev in the year 945 AD against the people of the Drevlians as portrayed in the Old Russian Tale of Bygone Years in the early 12th century. While certain elements of this story seem too exaggerated to be true others reminisce of antique sources of Herodotus, Polyainos, Tacitus and others. Starting with Herodotus’ depiction of queen Tomyris, who was the ruler of the Massagetae, this work focusses on the evaluation of primary sources and examines tropes of vengeance and motherhood, demonstrating that certain values are persistent over centuries
„Die lernen dort Männer sein“ Das Bild des idealen Soldaten an der Isonzofront in Alice Schaleks Kriegsberichterstattung
Get PDF„Die lernen dort Männer sein“ The image of the ideal soldier on the Isonzo Front in Alice Schalek’s war reporting
Past wars have often been viewed as a “school of masculinity”, as can be seen in journalist Alice Schalek’s war reporting on soldiers at the Isonzo Front (1916). Being a heroized soldier and a “manly” man in Schalek’s war reporting meant being endowed with qualities such as courage, discipline, loyalty to the fatherland and possessing control over one’s emotions. She also coined the term “Isonzo warrior” for soldiers marked by additional qualities such as a particularly high degree of endurance, steadfastness, tenacity and self-sacrifice. Another important point of this work is the display of emotions, which in Schalek’s reporting was only prominent in connection with officers
Elizabeth C. Stanton und die Seneca Falls Convention 1848 Eine Auseinandersetzung mit der „Geburtsstunde“ der amerikanischen Frauenbewegung
Get PDFElizabeth C. Stanton and the Seneca Falls Convention 1848: An Examination of the “Birth” of the American Women’s Movement
This paper takes a critical look at the birth of the American women\u27s movement, focusing on the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 and the person of Elizabeth C. Stanton. Focusing on the legal position of American women, the paper analyzes the demands of the convention and the treatment of Stanton and Seneca Falls in historical discourse. The aim of the work is to show that the discussion of the American women\u27s movement has so far been largely one-sided and has long ignored the centrality of racist tropes in middle-class white women’s activism in the 19th century
The Golden Roof as a Tyrolean lieu de mémoire
Get PDFThe Golden Roof as a Tyrolean lieu de mémoire
The seminar-paper considers to what extent the “Golden Roof” in Innsbruck could be seen as a lieu de mémoire of Tyrolean history, as defined by French historian Pierre Nora. It will primarily examine what circumstances turned this famous landmark into such a place of memory. The history of the building and its symbolism are considered. As will be shown, three primary aspects turned the “Golden Roof” into a lieu de mémoire: its importance as a landmark, its place in the media and remembrance policy of emperor Maximilian I, as well as its connection with the history of mining in Tyrol.This paper deals with the idea of the “Golden Roof” (German: Goldenes Dachl) in Innsbruck as a lieu de mémoire (memory space) of Tyrolean history, as defined by the French historian Pierre Nora. The main question is what circumstance turned the Golden Roof into a lieu de mémoire. The Golden Roof is a landmark of the city of Innsbruck which is primarily known for its opulent appearance. It was constructed on the order of emperor Maximilian I in the year 1500. The building is filled with riddles and hidden meanings, in the form of a great number of ornaments, reliefs and paintings. The history of the building and the most important parts of its symbolism are considered in this paper. Multiple layers of associations have turned the Golden Roof into a lieu de mémoire, as it was never a site of historically significant events. Three of these aspects are presented in this paper: the first aspect is the importance and history of the Golden Roof as a landmark of the city of Innsbruck, which has only been the case since the 19th century. The second aspect is the importance of the Golden Roof in the media and remembrance policy of emperor Maximilian I, in comparison with other important sites related to Maximilian. The third aspect is the connection of the Golden Roof with the history of mining in Tyrol. This association is primarily formed through the wealth and political importance which mining brought to Tyrol in early modern times
Letters of consolation from a medieval monarch. Expressions of condolences from the Innsbruck letter collection of Emperor Frederick II (and his son Conrad IV) to the relatives of the deceased
Get PDFFighting, war and death were part of the life of every medieval ruler and nobleman, which is why chroniclers from this period report on fighting almost every year. This is understandable, as war was used to legitimise one\u27s rule. War is also linked to the emotional processing of death. For this reason, the focus of this article is on how a ruler in the 13th century, in this case Emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV, sympathised with the death of a person. With the help of the letters of consolation from Frederick II\u27s collection of letters in the Innsbruck University Library, it was possible to show that honourable death and death in the name of Christ were repeatedly given as consoling reasons. The letters also contain social, literary and theological ideas about consolation from this period.Letters of Consolation from a Medieval Monarch Expressions of Condolences from the Innsbruck Letter Collection of Emperor Frederick II (and His Son Conrad IV) to the Relatives of the Deceased
Medieval rulers and noblemen faced constant warfare and death, reflected in chroniclers’ reports. War served to legitimize rule and intertwined with the emotional processing of death. This article examines how Emperor Frederick II and his son Conrad IV in the 13th century expressed sympathy for the deceased. Utilizing letters from Frederick’s collection at Innsbruck University Library, the study reveals consolation themes such as honourable death and martyrdom, alongside social, literary, and theological notions prevalent during the era
Die Schwertleite in den Dichtungen „Tristan“ und „Der guote Gêrhart“. Eine interdisziplinäre Analyse der Materialität des Schwertleite-Rituals
Get PDFThe Schwertleite in the poems “Tristan” and “Der guote Gêrhart”. An interdisciplinary analysis of the materiality of the Schwertleite-ritual
This paper takes an interdisciplinary approach to the topic of the Schwertleite-ceremony. On the basis of two medieval poems, an attempt is made to gain insights into the historical ritual. The question of which material things play a role in the Schwertleite of Tristan and the son of the good Gêrhart yielded results that differ from the meaning of the word. The weapons do not characterise the materiality of the ritual, rather they are one thing among others. The work shows how literary and historiographical methods can complement each other
„Daß Korpulenz eine Last ist, welche das Dasein verbittert, [...], weiß jeder Korpulente selbst, wenn er es auch nicht sagt.“ Diätkulturen um 1900 zwischen Stigmatisierung und Subjektivierung
Get PDF„Daß Korpulenz eine Last ist, welche das Dasein verbittert, [...], weiß jeder Korpulente selbst, wenn er es auch nicht sagt.“ Diet cultures between stigmatization and subjectivation
This paper deals with the emergence of modern diet cultures around 1900 in Habsburg Austria. The analysis of two Vienna-based bourgeois women’s magazines shows how the discourse on “corpulence” was less influenced by notions of “health” but rather focused on normative ideas of a diligent housewife. As bodies thus became a yardstick for bourgeois lifestyles, magazine articles advised readers to go on radical diets. They also provided a space for advertising “slimming products” and thus created a consumer market for their audience