Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia
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Społeczna interpretacja wybranych wczesnośredniowiecznych cmentarzysk rzędowych w perspektywie gender studies i lifecycle analysis
Full text linkThe study consists of two parts. The first part comprises analysis and social interpretation of archaeological and anthropological burial data from selected early medieval row cemeteries located in the catchment area of the Odra and Vistula rivers. The second part has a form of appendix of sample burials used for analysis and interpretation carried out in the project (altogether 2286 burials from 29 cemeteries). The conducted analysis aimed at recognizing the past social system in terms of constructing and expressing gender relations and their position within the lifecycle in the early Medieval society from the period between the 10th and 13th century AD in Poland. This attempt is based on the premise that death and associated funerary rites are most of all social events. Therefore, the funeral rites, along with associated material remains, may to some extent reflect social phenomena. The dissertation starts with an overview of the early Medieval burial customs and their changes over time, focusing primarily on the inhumation burial rite and row cemeteries. It is followed by presenting basic categories of gender and lifecycle studies. This section comprises also a possibility of applying both concepts for interpretation of archaeological and anthropological data from cemeteries. The next section involves analysis of available empirical materials from the Medieval row cemeteries and is aimed to identify and define the rules for treatment the dead according to sex and age. The following elements of burial rites have been taken into consideration: a placement of the burial in cemetery, grave construction, grave goods, etc. A special interest has been focused upon burial rules practiced at row cemeteries in reference to atypical burials
Osadnictwo ma wyspie Thira (Santoryn) od neolitu po późną epokę brązu
Full text linkThis article presents a history of the Thera Island occupation in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Altogether, 13 settlements and 2 cemeteries have been recorded from this period. The island was inhabited until the Late Bronze Age. The most significant centre on the island was surely the town of Akrotiri. At the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, a large eruption of the Santorini volcano took place which ceased the occupation and covered the almost entire island with a thick layer of pumice.This article presents a history of the Thera Island occupation in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Altogether, 13 settlements and 2 cemeteries have been recorded from this period. The island was inhabited until the Late Bronze Age. The most significant centre on the island was surely the town of Akrotiri. At the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, a large eruption of the Santorini volcano took place which ceased the occupation and covered the almost entire island with a thick layer of pumice
Dostrzec i zrozumieć. Porównanie wybranych metod wizualizacji danych ALS wykorzystywanych w archeologii
Full text linkApplication of airborne laser scanning (ALS) for archaeological purposes allows for identification of relief features. Unless the detection is automated, the recognition of archaeological objects in the observed dataset is bounded by the interaction between human mind, eye and visual phenomena that are displayed on the screen. To improve effectiveness of ALS interpretation several visualization techniques have been developed. However, due to their complexity the spatial information produced by these algorithms differs. The aim of the paper is to present the discrepancies between the most popular visualization techniques used for archaeological purposes. Unlike previous attempts, the presented comparison is based on the vector outputs of the interpretative mapping. Therefore, we demonstrate in detail the differences in the morphology as well as quantity of identified archaeological features due to the use of various visualization techniques
Osadnictwo mezolityczne w południowej części Pojezierza Łagowskiego
Full text linkDespite a growing recognition of late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic settlement in recent years, the area of Pojezierze Łagowskie still represents one of less known regions of western Poland, both in terms of Old and Middle Stone Age settlement and reconstruction of of contemporary environmental conditions. The article provides results of technological, typological, functional analyses, as well as that of raw materials used in stone industry of Mesolithic communities occupying sites 13 and 16 in Wilenko. Majority of functional tools is characterised by use-wear traces, which should be interpreted as results of variability of meat, bone, antler, and leather processing activities or game hunting. In the article an attempt has been made to reconstruct environmental conditions, on the basis of the results of pollen analysis
Tajemniczy brat Jakub - czternastowieczny lektor dominikański (przyczynek do studiów nad średniowieczną sfragistyką i monastycyzmem)
Full text linkThe article presents a thorough interpretation of a seal stamp, found during the archaeological excavations at the northern side of the Sacred Mary Church in the Poznań Cathedral Island (Ostrów Tumski). The stamp is dated to the period between the end of the 13th and the first half of the 14th century. This chronology is based upon its form and elements of its decoration. A legend inscribed on the stamp’s frame, informing that its belonged to James - a lector of the preacher order, made possible to identify a social status of the owner along with his position in the Dominican structure. Unfortunately, neither connection between James and any concrete order nor whereabouts of his stay at Ostrów Tumski were recognized. These questions might be answered only after more detailed studies of the Dominican related archives are carried out.The article presents a thorough interpretation of a seal stamp, found during the archaeological excavations at the northern side of the Sacred Mary Church in the Poznań Cathedral Island (Ostrów Tumski). The stamp is dated to the period between the end of the 13th and the first half of the 14th century. This chronology is based upon its form and elements of its decoration. A legend inscribed on the stamp’s frame, informing that its belonged to James - a lector of the preacher order, made possible to identify a social status of the owner along with his position in the Dominican structure. Unfortunately, neither connection between James and any concrete order nor whereabouts of his stay at Ostrów Tumski were recognized. These questions might be answered only after more detailed studies of the Dominican related archives are carried out
Archeologiczna struktura zbiorów ceramiki z osad neolitycznych
Full text linkThe article is intended to address an essence of pottery assemblages from Neolithic settlements. Three aspects have been analysed: relationships between complete vessels and fragments resulted from their breakage; relationship between composition of pottery vessels used at any given moment and composition of deposited ceramics; and relationship between deposited pottery and its excavated fraction. It is argued that pottery assemblages excavated and analysed by archaeologists are result of refuse practices. Consequently, they distinctive traits reflect neither a deposited assemblage nor a composition of pottery vessels used at any given moment at the settlement.The article is intended to address an essence of pottery assemblages from Neolithic settlements. Three aspects have been analysed: relationships between complete vessels and fragments resulted from their breakage; relationship between composition of pottery vessels used at any given moment and composition of deposited ceramics; and relationship between deposited pottery and its excavated fraction. It is argued that pottery assemblages excavated and analysed by archaeologists are result of refuse practices. Consequently, they distinctive traits reflect neither a deposited assemblage nor a composition of pottery vessels used at any given moment at the settlement
Kulturowy charakter czasu i przestrzeni. Analiza średniowiecznego i wczesnorenesansowego elitarnego budownictwa mieszkalnego i obronnego w Irlandii
No full textThe main goal of my PhD thesis is socio-cultural interpretation of architectural space in Medieval Irish castles. Furthermore, I intend to discuss the way archaeologists think and write about the past. The first part of the PhD thesis is an attempt to define my own understanding of concepts such as memory, tradition, culture, society, social order, power, architecture, cultural spacetime, language, and narration. The idea of the past is not only concerned with past events. Its picture is created by present perception and future expectations. These play a key role in the way in which we create cause and effect relationships, which is to provide foundations for the structure of past narratives. Consequently, our idea of the past and its meaning shifts dynamically according to our expectations and social context. This is also fundamental for constructing cultural identity. In archaeology, this problem has a form of relationships between archaeological data and the past. I believe artefacts can only be seen as an inspiration for different pictures of the past created by archaeologists. They may have lost their connection with the past and become an element of the present context. The second part of my PhD thesis concerns social relations in Medieval society. This is based upon analysis of the elite architecture in Ireland. The most important research issueconcerns the meaning of architectural space in castles. This comprises the followingquestions: How did the architecture reflect social status of its inhabitants? In what ways might the arrangement of the interior have influenced social practice? What was the perception of elite architecture by non-elite groups? The cultural construction of architectural time and space is related to social order and group identity. I believe that searching for meaning of the symbolism involves thinking about castles as a metaphor of theatre or stage of social life. We need to understand not only the symbolic meaning of every individual detail but also their mutual relationships and purpose. There are approximately 3,500 castles in Ireland surviving to the present day. The late Medieval Ireland was possibly the most heavily castellated part of Western Europe. Numerous and constant wars between the Anglo-Norman aristocracy and the indigenous Gaelic Chieftains led to social unrest and anxiety. It was also one of the main reasons for the rapid development of castles. History of architecture can be considered as a history of human society. Changes of style and design are in fact often related to social conflict, which not only gives impetus to the development of the art but can also be destructive. Irish castles are indicative of such conflict
Piramidy egipskie – groby faraonów czy spichlerze Józefa
Full text linkThis article is an attempt to take a new look at the research on the Egyptian pyramids conducted until the end of the nineteenth century in Poland.This article is an attempt to take a new look at the research on the Egyptian pyramids conducted until the end of the nineteenth century in Poland
Hrabianki Szembekówny - pionierki archeologii wielkopolskiej z przełomu XIX i XX wieku
Full text linkArchaeological interests of the Szembek earls from Siemianice near Kępno (southern Wielkopolska) have spread over many generations starting from the middle of the 19th century until the present time. This is well exemplified by activities of Jadwiga (1883-1939) and Zofia (1884-1974) Szembek. In the years 1897-1908, both sisters undertook systematic and model excavations of the multicultural cemetery (-ies) at Siemianice near Kępno (Bronze Age 11, Bronze Age V - HaD; the Late La Téne - Early Roman Iron Age) and cemetery at Lipie near Kępno (Bronze Age V). Jadwiga Szembek excavated also multicultural settlement at Tarnowica near Jaworów (western Ukraine) in 1924 and 1927. An origin and development of archaeological interests of the Szembek sisters, along with a detailed analysis of their field works, was reconstructed on the basis of unpublished archive materials and old literature of the subject. Assessment of their achievements in this field, according to both previous and current criteria, made possible to support opinion by Prof. Józef Kostrzewski who rated the Szembek sisters among archaeologists of the most outstanding merit before 1918.Archaeological interests of the Szembek earls from Siemianice near Kępno (southern Wielkopolska) have spread over many generations starting from the middle of the 19th century until the present time. This is well exemplified by activities of Jadwiga (1883-1939) and Zofia (1884-1974) Szembek. In the years 1897-1908, both sisters undertook systematic and model excavations of the multicultural cemetery (-ies) at Siemianice near Kępno (Bronze Age 11, Bronze Age V - HaD; the Late La Téne - Early Roman Iron Age) and cemetery at Lipie near Kępno (Bronze Age V). Jadwiga Szembek excavated also multicultural settlement at Tarnowica near Jaworów (western Ukraine) in 1924 and 1927. An origin and development of archaeological interests of the Szembek sisters, along with a detailed analysis of their field works, was reconstructed on the basis of unpublished archive materials and old literature of the subject. Assessment of their achievements in this field, according to both previous and current criteria, made possible to support opinion by Prof. Józef Kostrzewski who rated the Szembek sisters among archaeologists of the most outstanding merit before 1918
