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The Rebound Effects from Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvements
No full textIn energy policy, energy efficiency constitutes a central element in reducing domestic and, specifically, industrial en-ergy use. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of energy efficiency improvements in achieving its targets is known to be limited by rebound effects. Rebound effects follow from economic and behavioral adjustments to the efficiency improvements themselves. This thesis investigates such rebound effects in the case of annual industrial energy effi-ciency improvements in Switzerland. To this end, we develop a recursively dynamic computable general equilibrium model, which takes special account of the relationship between energy and capital in perpetuating rebound effects.
Chapter 2 provides the first assessment of economy-wide rebound effects for Switzerland. We show that industrial energy efficiency improvements are only partially effective in reducing energy use, as we find substantial rebound effects, both domestically and for all non-energy good sectors. The sector-specific results crucially depend on the energy and capital intensities of the respective sectors. Moreover, we find that our more sophisticated representation of capital lowers the simulated rebound effects. Conversely, existing traditional rebound assessments with a homoge-nous capital stock may overestimate rebound effects.
Chapter 3 adds to the scarce knowledge on the rebound mechanisms that actually cause energy efficiency to be less efficient than anticipated. It illustrates that industrial energy efficiency improvements in Switzerland lead to economy-wide rebound effects in equal parts via partial equilibrium and general equilibrium channels. We find this by undertak-ing a decomposition analysis of rebound effects. We show composition and trade effects (i.e. general equilibrium effects) to be the main rebound mechanisms for energy-intensive industries. Sectors with a high share of value added, however, primarily rebound due to substitution away from capital towards energy.
Chapter 4 analyses the mitigation of rebound effects with economic instruments in order to maximize the energy savings from efficiency improvements. We explore the suitability of uniform taxes to increase the efficacy of energy efficiency in reducing energy use and investigate the economic impact of such taxes. The tax rates are endogenously determined to fully offset economy-wide rebound effects in Switzerland. We demonstrate that the economic gains from the energy efficiency improvements still outweigh the costs of the taxation if revenue is recycled by reducing pre-existing taxes. The more energy carriers are taxed simultaneously, the more efficient the tax scheme is, as unwant-ed substitution effects can be avoided. We demonstrate that rewarding energy-reducing sectors in a bonus-malus scheme proves the most efficient way to mitigate rebound effects, as it retains most of the economic gains of the energy efficiency improvements.
In conclusion, we show that it is essential to evaluate the expected rebound effects and to compensate for them with complementary policies, such as energy taxes. Such economic policy instruments could mitigate rebound effects for sectors with strong partial equilibrium rebound mechanisms, while for energy-intensive sectors a more holistic ap-proach using multiple policy instruments needs to be pursued. Finally, we highlight the potential for rebound mitiga-tion to increase energy savings from energy efficiency improvements.LEUR
Deformation twinning mechanism in magnesium at the microscale: strain rate, temperature and orientation effects
No full textThe project aims to validate some recent theoretical developments on the deformation twinning nucleation mechanism in HCP metals through small-scale mechanic experiments. To this end, a systematic investigation of the mechanical response of pure magnesium single crystals has been con-ducted by studying the singular and reciprocal effects of orientation, strain rate, and temperature on the accommodation mechanisms of deformation twinning at the microscale. Through in-depth analyses of different misorientation relationships between initial and reoriented crystals, as well as the characteristics of several three-dimensionally-reconstructed parent-twin interfaces, unconventional twin features that deviate from the classical shear-based model were identified, promoting a new interpretation of the deformation twinning mechanism. In particular, it is discussed how the formation of twins is accompanied by a mechanism for which the interface between the parent and twin is not a mirror plane: the deformation cannot be therefore described by a shear tensor, questioning the centenary shear theory of twinning.
A full understanding of how changes in the twinning mechanism affect the stress/strain curves is al-so presented. The latter were used for the experimental determination of strain rate sensitivity, activation volume, and activation energy for twinning; parameters typically used to classify the nature of the deformation mechanisms. It is observed that, in contrast to what is being reported at the macroscale in polycrystalline magnesium, the critical stress for twinning nucleation and the post deformation crystallographic characteristics of the twin boundaries are sensitive to changes in temperature and strain-rate. Furthermore, the transition from a twinning-dominated to a slip-dominated plastic deformation is revealed to occur with increasing temperature, although twinning becomes again predominant by increasing strain rate. By loading the crystal from different crystallographic directions, the orientation dependent ductility of the material is also discussed. It is shown that basal slip activity favors the twin propagation with consequent higher probability of twin-twin interactions. An in situ uniaxial testing setup allowing high resolution Electron Backscatter Diffraction acquisitions during deformation was fine tuned to measure, in some cases, the sequence of events that lead to the formation and propagation of twins induced by microtensile testing.LMT
Internalization of Pancasila Values and Nationalism in High Schools Through Citizenship Education
Get PDFAs citizens and the future generation, high school students are required to understand and carry out their rights and obligations according to their age level. Citizenship Education as a subject in schools must emphasize building their character. The substance of learning begins to make citizens who can pa rt icipa te e ffect iv ely , in tel l igen tly , democrat ica lly , a nd re spons ibly . Th is literature study scrutinized this education pattern by analyzing six articles published in different settings in Indonesian high schools. The study results explain that Citizenship Education is directed to achieve two balanced main goals. First, Citizenship Education is functioned to improve students‟ knowledge and skills about ethics, morals, and principles in the life of the nation and state, then to shape attitudes, behaviour, and personality by the noble values of the Indonesian nation. These two goals should be achieved so that students understand scientific concepts and principles and can do something using scientific concepts and principles that they have mastered in everyday life. Cit ize nsh ip ed ucat ion shou ld equ ip stude nt s with a dequat e inte llectu al knowledge and skills, which allow them to participate inte llige ntly and responsiblyinvariousdimensionsoflifetoformdemocraticattitudes
KURIKULUM DAN IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19: TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG MENUJU PROGRAM MERDEKA BELAJAR
Get PDFBerbagai usaha telah di lakukan dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di masa pandemi Covid-19, sesuai arahan dari pemerintah bahwa penyesuaian proses belajar mengajar bagi guru dan para siswa harus tetap berjalan meskipun harus terkendala oleh beberapa hambatan dan permasalahan. Dikeluarkannya kurikulum tahun 2013 dengan semboyan merdeka belajar, di harapkan dapat mendorong para siswa agar tetap produktif dan berinovasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan belajar meskipun tidak di lakukan di sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif serta analisis triangulasi data, Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa, Untuk mendukung kebijakan merdeka belajar yang di keluarkan oleh pemerintah di masa pandemi Covid-19, kemendikbud selaku lembaga yang berwenang dalam tugas pokok ini menyiapkan tiga tahapan penting agar program tersebut dapat berjalan sesuai dengan perencanaan awal, dan diantaranya adalah, membangun ekosistem pendidikan berbasis teknologi. Untuk meningkatkan kompetensi para pendidik serta menyiapkan ekosistem pendidikan dan teknologi yang lebih efisien dan berkualitas. seperti yang terdapat di SMA Negeri Karawang dimana selama pandemi berlangsung kegiatan proses belajar mengajar di lakukan dengan menggunakan sistem daring dan luring, sistem daring di lakukan selama tiga hari dalam seminggu sedangkan sistem luring di lakukan satu kali selama seminggu, adapun penggunaan beberapa aplikasi sebagai penunjang proses belajar daring dengan menggunakan aplikasi google classroom, whatsapp dan beberapa aplikasi lainny
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PROGRAM PENCATATAN AKTA KEMATIAN DI DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Get PDFTujuan penelitian yang peneliti lakukan adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan program Pencatatan akta kematian di Dinas Kependudukan Dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Sumedang. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, dengan informan penelitian : kepala bidang pelayanan dinas kependudukan dan pencatatan sipil kabupaten sumedang, kepala seksi perkawinan perceraian dan perubahan status anak, kepala seksi kelahiran dan kematian, staff pelaksana seksi perkawinan perceraian dan perubahan status anak, staff pelaksana seksi kelahiran dan kematian. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu studi pustakaan dan studi lapangan yang terdiri dari observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi sedangkan prosedur pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini, yaitu data reduction, data display, penarikan kesimpulan verifikasi, dan triangulasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat peneliti simpulkan bahwa Implementasi Kebijakan Program Pencatatan Akta Kematian Di Dinas Kependudukan Dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Sumedang belum maksimal, Karena program tersebut belum terlaksana secara rutin dalam kegiatan “Onsite Services” (Jemput Bola). Karena masih belum bisa menjangkau ke semua wilayah yang ada di kabupaten Sumedang., sarana dan prasarana fasilitas belum memadai seperti mobil pelayanan keliling (SIMOYAN) hanya ada 1 unit, kualitas sumber daya manusia yang masih belum memadai karena masih kurangnya sikap pegawai dalam memberikan pelayanan prima kepada masyarakat, Partisipasi dari masyarakat yang masih rendah, karena sebagian masyarakat masih belum mengerti dan paham prosedur pembuatan akta kematian yang persyaratannya masih tidak lengkap. Terdapat hambatan-hambatan dalam implementasi kebijakan program akta kematian yaitu sosialisasi informasi mengenai prosedur pembuatan akta kematian yang belum merata, belum berkesinambungan karena belum ada pengaturan jadwal secara rutin dengan pihak kecamatan ataupun desa, Distribusi informasi yang kurang merata, belum menyentuh kesemua lapisan masyarakat, media yang digunakan untuk penyebaran informasi mengenai pembuatan akta kematian masih sangat sederhana dan terbatas. Terdapat upaya- upaya untuk mengatasi hambatan dalam implementasi kebijakan pelayanan akta kematian yaitu sosialisasi langsung kepada masyarakat secara rutin dan berkesinambungan, dan metode sosialisasi harus lebih variatif dengan memanfaatkan tv dan radio daerah, brosur, spanduk dan media sosia
The influence of trip length distribution on urban traffic in network-level models
No full textModeling urban traffic on the level of network is a wide research area oriented to the development of ITS. In this thesis properties of models based on MFD (Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram) are studied. The idea behind MFD is to say that the state of the traffic inside an urban zone is fully determined by its accumulation (the number of traveling vehicles) and that the dynamics of accumulation is caused by the inflow of vehicles (flow of vehicles that enter the zone or start their trips from inside). Nowadays, two different philosophies of modeling dynamics of accumulation exist in the literature. The first one (outflow-MFD) postulates that the outflow of vehicles depends on accumulation. The second one (speed-MFD) postulates that the space-mean speed of vehicles depends on accumulation. The second philosophy already has strong empirical support based on observations of traffic inside many big (kilometer-scale) urban areas around the world. Thus, different speed-MFD models are of great scientific interest.
The thesis is mainly devoted to the comparison of so-called PL model (which assumes the existence of both speed-MFD and outflow-MFD) and TB model (which assumes the equality of speeds of vehicles and explicitly assumes the existence of trip length distribution). It was shown that PL model cannot accurately describe the dynamics of accumulation after the jump of inflow. In this case TB model is more preferable. Moreover, it was proven that PL model is a specific case of TB model for the exponential trip length distribution. This makes TB model more attractive than PL model for the practical usage.
TB model can be formulated mathematically either as integral equation or nonlocal PDE. Thus, the main drawback of TB model that can be an obstacle in practice is its computational complexity. In this thesis it was proposed to approximate TB model with a simpler model which does not require precise information about the trip length distribution. This so-called M model operates with only the mean and the standard deviation of distribution and has a form of ODE. The analytical comparison between PL, TB and M models proved that M model is much closer to TB model than PL model in the case of constant speed-MFD. The more realistic case of decreasing speed-MFD was studied through the numerical tests and also showed the same effect. Thus, the main conclusion of the study is that M model has practical potential as an elegant and computationally cheap approximation of TB model. Also, given that in the case of constant speed TB model is a type of LTI system, it can be expected that M model might be useful for a wide range of problems that are not related to transportation. However, in this thesis the conclusion about the small difference between M and TB models was made for the inflows that are typical for the transportation field. More precisely, only peak hour shaped (smooth and with small jumps) functions were studied.
Despite the simple form of M model it was found that there exists even more simple ODE approximation of TB model. This so-called model works quite well for both smooth and jumping inflows except the case of a short period of time following the jump of inflow. Thus, it might be another good alternative to TB model. The main advantage of model in the case of realistic speed-MFD function is its convex formulation which allows model to be efficiently used inside optimization frameworks.LUT
Analysis Of Students Creative Thinking In Solving Transformation Geometry Problems
Get PDFCreative Thinking Is One Of The Goals Of Learning Mathematics. Where Creative Thinking In Solving Problems Has Many Benefits In Research Analyzes Students\u27 Creative Thinking In Everyday Life. But In Reality, Students Creative Thinking Is Still Low. Therefore, It Is Necessary To Identify Creative Thinking, Especially In The Problem Of Transformation Geometry. This Research Is A Descriptive Study With A Qualitative Approach Carried Out In Fourth Semester Of Mathematics Education In Stkip Sebelas April Sumedang. From The Results And Discussions That Have Been Done, It Can Be Concluded That Students\u27 Creative Thinking Is Inadequate, It Means That They Have Not Been Able To Go Through The Creative Thinking Stages Completely. Of 29 Students Who Were Given Questions, The Results Show None Of Them Who Completely Met The Creative Thinking Stage. The Author Suggests That In Supporting Students\u27 Creative Thinking, It Is Necessary To Develop A Learning Model That Involves Giving Problems And Finding Solutions At The Same Time
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KEDARURATAN BENCANA PADA BADAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DAERAH (BPBD) KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, mendapatkan data serta informasi yang objektif mengenai implementasi kebijakan kedaruratan bencana pada Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kabupaten Sumedang. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan, observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan triangulasi. Teknik penentuan informan menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah informan penelitian sebanyak 5 orang, yaitu Sekretaris, PLT Kepala Seksi Kedaruratan dan Logistik, dan anggota PUSDALOPS sebanyak 3 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa implementasi kebijakan kedaruratan bencana pada Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kabupaten Sumedang belum sepenuhnya berjalan dengan optimal. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari beberapa faktor yang menjadi penghambat implementasi kebijakan sehingga kurang berjalan dengan optimal seperti sarana dan prasarana kebencanaan masih belum menunjang, anggaran atau biaya yang akan digunakan untuk melaksanakan kebijakan kedaruratan bencana masih belum optimal, arus komunikasi dan koordinasi belum berjalan dengan baik yang terjalin antar pihak-pihak terkait, serta masyarakat yang kurang memiliki pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan kesadaran terhadap bahaya bencana. Dengan demikian maka sangat perlu dilakukan upaya untuk meminimalisir hambatan implementasi kebijakan kedaruratan bencana, seperti mengajukan proposal permohonan biaya maupun proposal permintaan kelengkapan sarana dan prasarana khususnya ke pemerintah daerah dan BNPB, meningkatkan koordinasi dan meningkatkan kerjasama dengan pihak-pihak terkait, serta melakukan sosialisasi secara langsung maupun melalui media sosial kepada masyaraka
UPAYA PENINGKATAN MUTU PELAYANAN DI DINAS PENGENDALIAN PENDUDUK DAN KELUARGA BERENCANA KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Get PDFTujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas/mutu pelayanan di Dinas Pengendalian Penduduk Dan Keluarga Berencana Kabupaten Sumedang dari perspektif paktor penghambat. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi Teknik penentuan informan penelitian, yaitu purposive sampling. Dengan jumlah informan penelitian sebanyak 5 orang Pelayanan Umum, Kabid Advokasi Informasi, Kabid KB, Pelaksana 1, Pelaksana 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelayanan belum terlaksana secara terarah dengan baik, karena ada beberapa bagian yang harus di perbaiki atau ditingkatkan dari beberapa faktor, faktor kesadaran, faktor saran dan fasilitas kerja, faktor pendapatan serta faktor kemampuan, maka dengan itu perlu adanya faktor upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut dalam peningkatan mutu pelayanan. Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu agar meningkatkan kualitas kemampuan, dan pengetahuan pegawai, dan sosialisasi atau faktor organisasi agar pelayanan tersampaikan atau terarah sebagaimana mestinya,perlu mengevaluasi kembali faktor pendapatan agar seimbang dengan beban kerja yang diberikan, dan penambahan beberapa sarana fasilitas pelayanan agar dapat memenuhi proses pelayana
PERAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (BUMDES) SEBAGAI SARANA KEMANDIRIAN EKONOMI DESA DI DESA CIJERUK KECAMATAN PAMULIHAN KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Get PDFBUMDes merupakan kebijakan pemerintah untuk menggerakan ekonomi desa. Oleh karena itu bagaimana mengetahui peran BUMDes di lapangan sangat penting, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Peran Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) sebagai Sarana Kemandirian Ekonomi Desa di Desa Cijeruk Kecamatan Pamulihan Kabupaten Sumedang.
Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi Teknik penentuan informan penelitian, yaitu purposive. Dengan jumlah informan penelitian sebanyak 6 orang, yaitu Kepala Desa, katua BPD, ketua BUMDes, Sekretaris BUMDes, Anggota BUMDes, dan Kasi UEM (Usaha Ekonomi Masyarakat) Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa Kabupaten Sumedang.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran BUMDes secara umum belum berjalan dengan baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam peningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, mengembangkan potensi dan kualitas sumberdaya manusia, dan belum juga dapat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan aset desa dan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. BUMDes memang telah berperan aktif dalam memperluas lapangan pekerjaan, tetapi belum nampak adanya kontribusi besar dalam memperluas lapangan pekerjaan bagi masyarakat Saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu agar meningkatkan pembinaan terhadap peran BUMDes, meningkatkan sumberdaya, Membuat strategi baru dalam mengembangkan usahanya