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Two sides of the same coin: A population genetics perspective on lethal mutagenesis and mutational meltdown
No full textThe extinction of RNA virus populations upon application of a mutagenic drug is frequently referred to as evidence for the existence of an error threshold, above which the population cannot sustain the mutational load. To explain the extinction process after reaching this threshold, models of lethal mutagenesis have been proposed, in which extinction is described as a deterministic (and thus population size-independent) process. As a separate body of literature, the population genetics community has developed models of mutational meltdown, which focus on the stochastic (and thus population-size dependent) processes governing extinction. However, recent extensions of both models have blurred these boundaries. Here, we first clarify definitions in terms of assumptions, expectations, and relevant parameter spaces, and then assess similarities and differences. As concepts from both fields converge, we argue for a unified theoretical framework that is focused on the evolutionary processes at play, rather than dispute over terminology.UPJENSE
ANALYSIS OF PSEUDO-DECENTRALIZATION AND FINANCIAL DEPENDENCY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL AUTONOMY IN SUMEDANG REGENCY OF INDONESIA
Get PDFThis study examines the phenomenon of pseudo-decentralization and financial dependence in the context of regional autonomy implementation in Sumedang Regency, Indonesia. Using a case study approach and analyzing financial data from 2019-2022, this research investigates the extent to which Sumedang Regency relies on central and provincial governments for financial resources. The findings reveal a high level of financial dependence due to limited income sources provided by the central government to regions like Sumedang. Despite this dependency, Sumedang Regency has successfully executed development programs and received awards, partly due to effective political lobbying by regional leaders. However, this reliance on local elites may hinder the achievement of decentralization objectives and lead to unequal development outcomes. As a recommendation, the central government is urged to focus on implementing fiscal policies that distribute more lucrative and equitable financial resources to all regencies and cities, promoting genuine decentralization and fair developmen
An Analysis of English Borrowing Words in Indonesia Business Terms of SWA Magazine
Get PDFThis research is entitled An Analysis of English Borrowing Words in Indonesia Business Terms of SWA Magazine. It is focused to classify the types of borrowing words and their semantic change in the four selected articles from the ‘next gen’ section of SWA digital magazine using Hockett’s theory of borrowing words and Baugh’s theory of semantic change. A descriptive qualitative method was applied in this analysis. The result shows there were three loan words (2.1%), 139 loan blends (97.2%), and one loan shift (0.7%). There was also one extension of semantic change (0,7%), 21 narrowing of semantic change (14.7%), and another 121 data has no semantic changes (84.6%). The most frequent type of borrowing words is loan blend. Meanwhile, most data in the semantic analysis do not show the semantic change process. Toward the result, it can be concluded that there is a high tendency of using borrowing words in Indonesia business terms
THE VIOLATION OF THE COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE IN CONVERSATION BETWEEN MEMBERS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE ASSOCIATION IN THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNSAP
Get PDFThe title of this research is The Pragmatic Analysis of The Violation of The Cooperative Principle in Conversation Between Members of English Literature Association in The Faculty of Humanities UNSAP. The purpose of this research is to find, classify, and describe the causes of violation of the cooperative principle maxim found in the conversation between Members of English Literature Association. The data source in this research is the conversation between Members of English Literature Association. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. The grand theory used in this research is the cooperative principle maxim proposed by Grice (1975). The result of this research indicates that there are 29 data conversations, 10 conversations contain violation maxim of quantity, 2 conversations contain violation of maxim quality 2 data, 10 conversations contain violation maxim of relation, and 7 conversations contain violation of maxim manner. After finding the violation of the cooperative principle maxim in the conversation, the researcher classifies, and describe the causes of each utterance from the members
PENDEKATAN METACOGNITIVE SCAFFOLDING BERBANTUAN SOFTWARE CALCULUS SOLVED!UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA
Get PDFKesulitan dalam berpikir kritis matematisdisebabkan karena kurangnya keterlibatan proses berpikir siswa dalam pembelajaran,sehingga dapatmempengaruhi hasil akhir belajar. Oleh karena itu, sebagai guru harus memberikan bantuan secara efektif kepada siswa agar mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikirnya terhadap tantangan-tantangan persoalan matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuipeningkatan dan interaksi antarasiswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran pendekatan metacognitive scaffolding berbantuansoftwareCalculus Solved! dengan siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran konvensional terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis ditinjau dari keseluruhan dan kemampuan awal siswa. Metodedan desainpenelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimendanthe nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi di sebuah SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Sumedangdan dua dari kelas XI diambil sebagai sampel. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematisdengan pokok bahasan Integral.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ditinjau dari keseluruhan, kategori tengah, dan kategori bawah, peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa yang mendapatkan pendekatan metacognitive scaffolding berbantuansoftwareCalculus Solved! lebih baik daripada siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran konvensional, sedangkan jika ditinjau dari kategori atas tidak terdapat perbedaan peningkatan antara berpikir kritismatematis siswa yang mendapatkan pendekatan metacognitive scaffolding berbantuan softwareCalculus Solved! dengan siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran konvensional. Terdapat interaksi antara faktor pembelajaran yang diberikan dengan faktor kategori kemampuan awal siswa terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa
The Potency Of Metacognitive Learning To Foster Mathematical Logical Thinking
Get PDFThe ability of thinking logically needs to be developed due to the fact that it is an essential basicskill. Logical thinking affects that giving reason must be true, and that a sequence of assumptions is basedon the high truth value. Mathematics is a subject that functions to train students to think logically. Theunderstanding of logic will help students to arrange the proof that support through process to finallyarrive at a conclusion. Currently, metacognition is viewed as an essential element of learning. It refers tosomeone knowledge of processes and the result itself or of that connected to the process. Metacognition isneeded when student solves the task that needs argumentation and logical understanding. In order to helpstudent to skillful think logically, mathematics learning must be designed as such so that the conditionwill raise the skill of metacognitive acts
The Implementation of Metacognitive Learning Approach in Developing Students’ Mathematical Communication Ability
Get PDFThe skill to communicate thoughts effectively, including communicating mathematical ideas asits part, is required in facing future challenges. In fact, in general, students’ mathematical communicationskill is still low. Metacognitive learning encourages students to reflect on their learning process;individual reflection or interaction with teacher and classmates provides opportunities for students tocommunicate and explain their thoughts.This research intends to study the application of metacognitive learning and its roles in students\u27mathematical communication ability. An experiment with pretest-posttest control group design wasconducted on the 70 students of 10th grade of a senior high school at Sumedang, West Java, during thefirst semester. The students were divided into three categories of mathematical prior knowledge (MPK):high, middle, and low achiever. The instruments used were a mathematical communication test and a setof attitude questionnaires on metacognitive learning. The data were analyzed by using statistical test forequality of two means.This study has found that the metacognitive learning approach is more effective to reach betterresult for middle achievers than conventional one. There is an interaction between learning approach andMPK towards the students’ achievement and gain of mathematical communication ability
PERKEMBANGAN NOVEL (TINJAUAN TEORITIS SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN SASTRA DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1901 SAMPAI DENGAN 1910)
No full textNovel merupakan karya sastra yang berupa hasil pemikiran manusia yang diungkapkan dalam wujud bahasa. Pemikiran dan perasaan itu biasanya bersifat khayali yaitu rekaan pengarang terhadap sesuatu yang dilihat atau dirasakan dalam kehidupannya. Peristiwa yang sering terjadi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari itu ditiru dan dituangkan dalam wujud bahasa sesuai dengan pengalaman hidup pengarang. Kehadiran novel di tengah-tengah peradaban manusia diterima dengan baik karena di dalamnya terkandung nilai budi pekerti, imajinasi, emosi, maupun nilai estetis lainnya yang berguna bagi kehidupan manusia. Perkembangan novel di Indonesia perlu diketahui oleh pemerhati sastra dan dunia pendidikan agar pembelajaran sastra menjadi lebih bermakna bagi kehidupan pembaca. Sebagai salah satu hasil sastra modern, novel merupakan hasil pembaharuan dari jenis sastra sebelumnya. Sebelum novel lahir, dalam kesusastraan Indonesia telah hidup cerita fiktif yang panjang seperti hikayat, babad, maupun panji yang pada umumnya berbentuk wawacan. Kelahiran novel menambah perbendaharaan cerita fiksi dalam khsanah kesusastraan Indonesia, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai kepentingan dalam kehidupan, khususnya dalam dunia pendidikan
MEMBERDAYAKAN DISKURSUS KELAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR MATEMATIK
No full textDunia pendidikan matematika semakin memberikan perhatian yang besar terhadap penggunaan diskursus dalam pembelajaran matematika. Teori konstruktivisme dan teori sosial budaya tentang belajar, serta ide bahwa matematika adalah terutama tentang penalaran, dan bukan hafalan, mendasari penggunaan diskursus di dalam kelas ini. Diskursus matematik mengacu pada diskusi seluruh kelas di mana siswa berbicara tentang matematika sedemikian rupa sehingga mereka mengungkapkan pemahaman mereka tentang konsep. Siswa juga belajar untuk terlibat dalam penalaran dan perdebatan matematik. Guru dapat menggunakan berbagai pendekatan bersama siswa untuk membantu mereka mengembangkan pemikiran matematik dan mengambil tanggung atas belajar mereka. Ini membentuk rangkaian kesatuan, mulai dari pendekatan yang lebih langsung di mana guru memberikan jawaban, demonstrasi, atau pertanyaan penting, sampai pendekatan tidak langsung yang mendorong siswa mengungkapkan pemikiran atau merenungkan pertanyaan dan wawasan mereka. Masing-masing intervensi memiliki potensi untuk membantu siswa menemukan bahwa mereka memiliki kapasitas untuk berpikir matematis