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DREAMS of metabolism
No full textMetabolic networks have been studied for decades, and sophisticated computational frameworks are needed to augment experimental approaches to harness these complex networks. BNICE (Biochemical Network Integrated Computational Explorer), a computational approach for the discovery of novel biochemical pathways, overcomes many of the current limitations. BNICE and similar frameworks can be used in a myriad of different areas: (i) design of novel pathways for metabolic engineering and bioremediation; (ii) retrosynthesis of metabolic compounds; (iii) evolution analysis between metabolic pathways of different organisms; (iv) analysis of metabolic pathways; (v) mining of 'omics' data; and (vi) selection of targets for enzyme engineering. We will discuss the issues and challenges in building such a framework and the gamut of applications that they can offer.LCS
Small strain mechanical properties of latex-based nanocomposite films
No full textA waterborne latex-based technique, in which functionalized laponite is attached to PS and acrylic latex particles, is used to prepare films containing up to 50 wt% laponite. At high laponite contents this leads to a cellular arrangement of the laponite-rich layers, concentrated at the latex particle interfaces. MDSC shows that a significant proportion of the organic matrix does not contribute to the glass transition. However, this "rigid" matrix fraction arises from intercalation of the laponite stacks, and cannot account for the large increases in global stiffness in the rubbery state (T> T g) on laponite addition. The mechanical response for T> T g is therefore discussed in terms of a four-phase structure, in which the intercalated laponite stacks embedded in a matrix with a relatively high rubbery modulus form a cellular structure, which is in turn embedded in a matrix whose modulus is closer to that of the bulk polymer. The importance of the cellular arrangement is underlined by the much lower rubbery modulus observed by DMA in specimens produced by deforming the original films in plane strain compression to produce oriented textures with relatively little connectivity between the laponite-rich layers. Copyright © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.LTCProceedings Paper
Symposium on Layered Nanostructures
MAY 12-13, 2009
Lutherstadt Wittenberg, GERMAN
Design of the First HTS Single-Coil Demonstrator of GaToroid Toroidal Gantry for Hadron Therapy
No full textThe design and construction of compact and lightweight gantries for hadron therapy are essential steps toward wider accessibility to this cancer treatment. The use of a high-field steady-state toroidal gantry, i.e., GaToroid, represents an attractive alternative to the state-of-the-art with the potential of significantly reducing size and weight of present installations. It is interesting to conceive the use of High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) conductors to reach magnetic fields beyond 8 T at relatively high temperatures, decreasing the beam bending radius and, at the same time, avoiding complex cryogenics systems in the hospitals. The construction of such a machine requires several steps of prototyping and this manuscript presents the design of the first GaToroid single-coil demonstrator, wound with ReBCO conductors. The demonstrator is a scaled version of a full-scale GaToroid coil, with the conductors spaced into four planar windings, i.e., grades, and wound as a double pancake. Two operating regimes are foreseen to test the demonstrator at different temperatures, currents and magnetic fields. The cable geometry, composed of four ReBCO non-twisted tapes, was validated through 1D quench propagation studies in both regimes, and the hot spot temperature is well below 100 K. Furthermore, three-dimensional mechanical simulations allowed to estimate the stress state on the conductor, as well as to define the impregnation strategy of the demonstrator. The answers provided by the manufacturing, powering and test of the proposed demonstrator can provide valuable insights for the future construction of full-scale GaToroid coils.SUPR
Superfluid-insulator transition of two-dimensional disordered Bose gases
No full textWe study the two-dimensional weakly repulsive Bose gas at zero temperature in the presence of correlated disorder. Using large-scale simulations, we show that the low-energy Bogoliubov cumulative density of states remains quadratic up to a critical disorder strength, beyond which a power law with disorder-dependent exponent beta < 2 sets in. We associate this threshold behavior with the transition from superfluid to Bose glass, and compare the resulting mean-field phase diagram with scaling laws and the Thomas-Fermi percolation threshold of the mean-field density profile.LTP
Definition et evaluation d'un protocole de negociation dans un systeme multi-agents de reconnaissance de la parole
No full textLIDIA
Understanding medicinal taste and odour formation in drinking waters
No full textThe formation of bromophenols during chlorination of phenol- and bromide-containing waters can be critical for taste and odour problems in drinking waters. The work performed has confirmed that flavour threshold concentrations of some bromophenols are in the ng/L range. In addition, under typical drinking water conditions, kinetic experiments and model simulations performed have shown that (1) bromination is the predominant reaction pathway, (2) bromophenol reaction kinetics are rapid leading to taste-and-odour I episodes that last for short periods of 10-20 min, (3) increasing phenol concentration and pH tends to increase taste and odour intensity, (4) increasing chlorine or bromide concentrations tends to shorten the duration of the taste-and-odour episode.LTQ
FEM/DEM coupling of gouge rock material
No full textThe behavior of seismic faults depends on response of the microconstituents trapped in the region between plates, which is usually termed gouge. The gouge is a discrete particle region composed of amorphous grains subject to high confinement pressure. Conversely, the regions surrounding the gouge can be conceptualized as two continuum domains. The study of such system requires the understanding of several scales, from micro meters (particle size) to meters and above to properly account for loading conditions. Simulating this system numerically remains a challenge, as, in order to capture proper physics, both the continuum and discrete aspects of the system must be harmoniously incorporated and coupled into the model. An energy-based coupling strategy between Finite Element Method, used to resolve the continuum portions, and Discrete Element Method, to model the granularity of the interface, is introduced. Two different coupling strategies are considered: "strong" and "weak" coupling. The strong coupling is a generalization to granular material of the Bridging Method [1] used for continuum domain and regular lattice. The limitations of such coupling when it comes to connect continuum to amorphous (not-ordered) discrete media are highlighted. The Weak coupling is then introduced to overcome these limitations. As a practical example, we consider a secondary fault and analyze the passing through of pressure/shear waves (assumed to have been generated elsewhere) and analyze the new wave field that emanates from the fault as a consequence of grain rearrangement in the fault.LSM
Battersea: another Brick in the Wall
No full textLa désindustrialisation, dont nous sommes témoins depuis plusieurs années, implique l'abandon d'un large patrimoine bâti qui, combiné à l'étalement urbain présent dans la majorité des villes, pousse les architectes à questionner notre rapport à l'existant. La centrale électrique de Battersea, au Sud-Ouest de Londres, compte parmi ces bâtiments dont l'expression monumentale ne laisse personne indifférent. Construit en plusieurs phases et conceptualisé par l'architecte Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, ce monument de briques est entré dans la culture populaire et fait aujourd'hui partie intégrante de l'imaginaire collectif londonien. Inscrit aux monuments classés depuis 1980 et hors d'activité depuis 1983, Battersea est au coeur d'un développement immobilier dont les grandes lignes sont définies par un master-plan très dense. Ce plan de quartier ne valorise pas suffisamment le bâtiment et ne permet pas de profiter des qualités de cette construction. En effet, la spatialité monumentale de ce bâtiment en ruine n'est pas sans rappeler les constructions de la Rome antique, notamment les thermes romains, qui offrent des typologies formelles particulières. Afin de recréer un noeud dans le tissu urbain en adaptant un tel programme à notre mode de vie contemporain, le projet permet de requalifier les différents espaces, en adaptant des activités sociales et culturelles dans un jeu de pleins et de vides dont l'articulation permet de confronter notre échelle humaine à celle du monument.SAR-DEAST-COLAB-UCote: 2016.004Archive: MEM.1/1 A5 vertical, archive_informatique_DDGroupe de suivi: Fröhlich Martin (dir. pédagogique); Cogato Lanza Elena (prof.); Bittorf Antje (maître EPFL); Goldman Noémie (expert)Professeur responsable de l'Enoncé: Cogato Lanza Elena (ENAC IA LAB-U)Enoncé théorique de master: L'architecture industrielle. Un regard sur la forme
Nonvisual light-response model: a preliminary approach to integrating recent findings in biology into a lighting simulation process
No full textIn addition to stimulating visual responses, light induces a range of circadian, neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral non-visual responses in humans. These effects are mediated primarily via a novel non-rod, non-cone photoreceptor, which is most sensitive to blue light (lambda_max 480nm) and exhibits different sensitivity to the spectrum, timing, intensity, duration and pattern of exposure as compared to visual responses. The discovery of this novel photoreceptor has led to consideration of the nonvisual effects of light as an important element of healthy lighting design in addition to vision. Before application of these new findings, however, it is necessary to first understand, and then model how the nonvisual system responds to light. One challenging aspect is the fact that the nonvisual system adapts its responses to changes in light intensity and spectral composition over a much longer timeframe than the visual system. Here, we propose a functional model of the nonvisual light-response relationship that combines temporal integration and a static nonlinear function.LIPIDPeer-reviewed extended abstrac
Towards Smart Substrates for Controlling Micrometric Droplet Motion
No full textIn this contribution, we describe a novel approach to the problem of setting micrometric droplets in motion. First, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art methods to enable millimetric droplet motion, and investigates the scalability of the most promising techniques on the basis of preliminary experiments. Then, we propose a novel approach based on substrates with radial 3D pattern. In the poster, we will investigate this approach in further details using numerical models and systematic experiments.DISA