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Assessment of Invasive Species Severity along the Nature Trail at the Doi Chiang Dao Biosphere Reserve, Chiang Mai Province
No full textBackground and Objectives: Doi Chiang Dao Biosphere Reserve has been officially declared as the fifth Biosphere Reserve of Thailand, representing a critically important terrestrial ecosystem due to its significant number of endangered and endemic plant species. This designation highlights its crucial role in biodiversity conservation at both national and global scales. However, the area faces increasing threats from human activities, habitat degradation, and biological invasions. Among these threats, invasive alien plant species are particularly concerning due to their rapid spread and potential to disrupt local ecosystems, negatively affecting native biodiversity. Understanding the presence and impact of invasive plants is essential for effective conservation management. Thus, this study aimed to comprehensively examine diversity, distribution, and assess the status and severity of invasive alien plants along the nature trails within the Doi Chiang Dao Biosphere Reserve in Chiang Mai Province.
Methodology: The research employed a systematic sampling plot approach along a clearly defined elevational gradient. Sampling plots measuring of 1×1 m2 were systematically established every 100 meter above sea level, ranging from the lower altitudinal limits up to the higher altitudinal zones within the study area. This sampling protocol resulted in a total of 34 distinct plots covering various elevational habitats and ecosystems. Within each sampling plot, detailed data collection was performed, documenting all plant species encountered regardless of their growth forms or life histories, including herbs, shrubs, grasses, and other vegetation types. Plant data collection involved comprehensive photographic documentation, precise counts of individual plants per species, and careful specimen collection for later taxonomic identification. Subsequent plant identification was rigorously conducted using reference materials and confirmed with experts when necessary. Identified species were systematically analyzed to quantify density and abundance, calculate indices of species diversity and importance value, and classify invasive alien species according to established guidelines provided by Thailand’s Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning and the Department of National Parks, Wildlife, and Plant Conservation.
Main Results: The detailed botanical survey identified a total of 73 plant species belonging to 64 genera and 34 families within the sampled plots, indicating a substantial degree of floristic richness and diversity with an overall diversity index of 2.672. Among these identified species, seven invasive alien plant species from seven genera and four families were specifically recognized, contributing to an invasive species diversity index of 0.647. The most significant invasive alien species identified based on their ecological impact and calculated importance values were Ageratina adenophora, Bidens pilosa, and Commelina benghalensis. Additional invasive alien plant species recorded included Tithonia diversifolia, Imperata cylindrica, Parochetus communis, Sida acuta, and Malvastrum coromandelianum. The analysis of distribution patterns revealed that invasive alien plant species were predominantly observed at elevations around 1,500 meters above sea level. At this elevation, four invasive species exhibited particularly high occurrence rates, namely Ageratina adenophora, Tithonia diversifolia, Imperata cylindrica and Bidens pilosa, each having respective importance values of 14.24%, 8.42%, 9.72%, and 4.52%, respectively. This indicated that mid-elevation zones within the reserve were particularly vulnerable to biological invasions. Assessments of invasiveness severity, based on species density and their ecological importance, demonstrated that Ageratina adenophora was classified as highly invasive, significantly threatening native plant communities. The species Bidens pilosa and Imperata cylindrica showed moderate invasiveness levels, while Sida acuta, Malvastrum coromandelianum, and Tithonia diversifolia were categorized as severely invasive, though at a slightly lesser intensity compared to Ageratina adenophora. The Parochetus communis was the least invasive species detected, presenting minimal ecological disturbance. The presence and spread of invasive alien plant species within the Doi Chiang Dao Biosphere Reserve have significant implications for biodiversity conservation. Invasive plants compete directly with native and endemic species for essential resources such as nutrients, light, water, and space, potentially disrupting native ecological processes and reducing habitat quality for local flora and fauna. Human-mediated activities, including tourism, agricultural practices, and other anthropogenic disturbances, were identified as probable contributing factors to the dispersal and proliferation of these invasive plants. Furthermore, invasive alien plants can significantly alter ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, hydrology, soil erosion patterns, and even increase fire susceptibility. The dominance of invasive species at mid-elevational ranges suggests ecological niches that are highly vulnerable, possibly due to disturbed habitats and favorable climatic conditions. Effective management strategies must therefore consider specific ecological dynamics, elevational gradients, and potential anthropogenic drivers to mitigate the spread and establishment of invasive plants.
Conclusion: The results of this extensive study clearly indicated that invasive alien plants are widespread along the nature trails within the Doi Chiang Dao Biosphere Reserve, particularly at mid-elevation areas. Species of Ageratina adenophora emerged as the most severely invasive species, presenting an immediate and substantial threat to local biodiversity. Therefore, it is critical to establish targeted management practices, including early detection, regular monitoring, physical removal, public awareness campaigns, and strict control measures. By implementing comprehensive management strategies, stakeholders can mitigate the adverse impacts of invasive plants and effectively safeguard the ecological integrity and biodiversity of the Doi Chiang Dao Biosphere Reserve for future generations
Plant Community and Carbon Storage of Natural Forest after Deforestation at Wang Nam Khiao Forestry Research and Student Training Station, Nakhon Ratchasima Province
No full textBackground and Objectives: Forest encroachment remains a critical issue in Thailand relating to anthropogenic disturbances, leading to the degradation of plant community structures and biodiversity loss. Nevertheless, these disturbed forests still retain the potential for natural regeneration, particularly in areas where remnant adult trees persist and serve as seed sources for the recolonization of native species with pioneer species during successional process. This study aimed to compare the forest structure and the amount of carbon storage in naturally forest restoration areas after disturbances. The research was conducted at the Wang Nam Khiao Forestry Student Training and Research Station, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeastern Thailand. The findings are intended to provide essential baseline data for planning on forest ecosystem restoration and enhancing long-term carbon sequestration capacity in a sustainable manner.
Methodology: A permanent sample plot or forest dynamics plot (FDP) of 100 m × 100 m was established in each of three forest community types undergoing natural recovery after disturbances: restored deciduous dipterocarp forest (RDDF), restored mixed deciduous forest restoration (RMDF), and restored dry evergreen forest restoration (RDEF), respectively. The FDP is useful for long-term ecological research, LTER. Then, each plot was subdivided into 100 subplots of 10 m × 10 m. Within these subplots, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of at least 1 cm were tagged, measured the DBH and total tree height, and identified species. Unidentified tree species were specimen collected, then, compared with identified species at Bangkok Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plants Conservation. The data was then analyzed to determine the importance value index (IVI) of each species, species diversity index followed by Shannon-Weiner (H’), tree distribution form based on DBH size class distribution, and carbon storage based on aboveground biomass (ABG). Statistical test of quantitative values among forest types was applied using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD at p < 0.05.
Main Results: We found that the restored dry evergreen forest restoration, DEFR, exhibited the most prominent characteristics in terms of forest structure and biodiversity among restored forest types, with a total of 86 tree species recorded. This was followed by the restored mixed deciduous forest, RMDF, with 76 species and the restored deciduous dipterocarp forest, RDDF, with 45 species, respectively. These patterns corresponded closely with measurements of tree density and basal area, which were also highest in the RDEF (2,296 stems ha-1 and 30.66 m² ha-1, respectively), followed by the RMDF (1,735 stems ha-1 and 21.35 m² ha-1) and lowest in the RDDF (800 stems ha-1 and 19.13 m² ha-1). Similarly, the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′) revealed statistically significant differences among restored forest types (p < 0.001), with the RDEF showing the highest diversity (H′ = 3.63), followed by the RMDF (H′ = 2.98) and the RDDF (H′ = 2.30), respectively. The analysis of tree size class distribution based on diameter at breast height (DBH) indicated that both the RMDF and RDEF exhibited a negative exponential form (L-shape), suggesting ongoing regeneration and the ability to maintain their forest structure in the future. The environmental factors such as soil properties and available water available in these types are suitable for tree species establishment. In contrast, the RDDF displayed a unimodal form or bell-shape, reflecting a discontinuity in the size class transition, particular a lack of smaller-sized individuals. This pattern reflects a regeneration constraint in the RDDF, likely resulting from more frequent and severe wildfires compared to the other restored forest types. Carbon storage based on ABG also varied significantly among restored forest types (p < 0.01). The RDEF had stored the highest amount of carbon storage (91.15 t C ha-1), followed by the RDDF (50.92 t C ha-1) and the RMDF (31.22 t C ha-1). These findings emphasize the important of forest structure—particularly tree density and basal area—in enhancing carbon sequestration capacity. Interestingly, although the RMDF had higher species diversity and basal area than the RDDF, it stored less carbon. This is likely attributable to species composition, as the RMDF was dominated by pioneer or fast-growing species such as Microcos tomentosa, Wrightia arborea, and Millettia leucantha, which typically accumulate less biomass. In contrast, the RDDF was composed native or climax species, including Shorea siamensis and Dipterocarpus intricatus, which contribute more substantially to carbon storage.
Conclusion: Among the restoration forests, the RDEF exhibited a relatively well-developed plant community structure, both in terms of biodiversity and carbon sequestration, when compared to the RMDF and RDDF. Forest structure and species composition played a crucial role in determining of carbon storage potential. Therefore, forest restoration efforts should consider enhancing species diversity during the early successional stages by integrating planting of pioneer species with native late-successional species that related to their niche with the degraded areas. They will facilitate the suitable environments for climax species, then, recovery into the previous forests. This approach can support the recovery of natural forest conditions while simultaneously promoting efficient carbon sequestration during the plant successional process
Forest Structure and Potential of Carbon Storage at Khao Nam Sab, Kasetsart University, Sri Racha Campus, Chonburi Province
No full textBackground and Objectives: Tropical Forest ecosystems are globally significant for their roles in biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and carbon sequestration. In Thailand, two predominant forest types, Dry evergreen forest (DEF) and mixed deciduous forest (MDF), are of high ecological value but differ in species composition, canopy structure, and successional status. DEF is characterized by multi-layered canopies and high species richness, while MDF often supports fast-growing, early-successional species and exhibits more open canopy structures. Khao Nam Sap Forest, located within the Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus in Chonburi Province, is a secondary forest landscape that has undergone natural regeneration following historical logging and land conversion. This study aimed to assess forest structure, species diversity, aboveground biomass, and carbon sequestration potential in both DEF and MDF areas. In addition, the study investigates how environmental variables such as elevation, soil pH, and organic matter influence tree community distribution. These findings contribute to understanding forest dynamics in secondary tropical forests and support Thailand’s national carbon neutrality policies.
Methodology: The study was conducted using a systematic line plot survey across Khao Nam Sap Forest, which spans approximately 54.4 hectares. A total of 51 vegetation plots, each measuring 30 × 30 meters, were established along transects distributed throughout the DEF and MDF zones. In each plot, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 4.5 cm were identified, measured, and geo-referenced. Soil samples were collected at 0–15 cm depth at five points per plot and analyzed for pH, texture, and organic matter. Biomass was estimated using species-specific allometric equations, and carbon stocks were calculated by applying a standard conversion factor (47% of biomass). Carbon dioxide sequestration was estimated based on the carbon content multiplied by the CO2 conversion ratio (44/12). Cluster analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were used to classify vegetation communities and examine the influence of environmental gradients on species distribution.
Main Results: A total of 120 species belonging to 90 genera, 39 families were identified across the study area. The overall tree density was 1,264.49 individuals ha-1, with a mean basal area of 14.64 m2·ha-1. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index was calculated at 3.69, reflecting high species diversity. Dominant species identified based on the Importance Value Index (IVI) included: Terminalia nigrovenulosa (Combretaceae): a late-successional species dominating DEF with tall straight trunks and strong wood. Dialium cochinchinense (Fabaceae): a canopy species contributing significantly to biomass in both forest types. Diospyros coaetanea (Ebenaceae): a shade-tolerant species common in DEF, known for its dense wood. Vitex limonifolia (Lamiaceae), Atalantia monophylla (Rutaceae), and Hydnocarpus ilicifolia (Achariaceae): each with distinct ecological niches in both DEF and MDF zones. Cluster analysis based on species composition and forest structure separated the vegetation into 8 distinct forest communities at approximately 50% similarity. These were classified as: (1) Leucaena leucocephala – Atalantia monophylla community, (2) Diospyros castanea – Leucaena leucocephala community, (3) Vitex limonifolia – Leucaena leucocephala community, (4) Cratoxylum formosum – Vitex limonifolia community, (5) Lannea coromandelica – Vitex limonifolia community, (6) Walsura trichostemon – Briedelia ovata community, (7) Walsura trichostemon – Bixa orellana community, and (8) Hydnocarpus ilicifolia – Walsura trichostemon community respectively. These forest communities varied along gradients of elevation, canopy closure, and soil conditions. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) identified soil pH, elevation, and organic matter as the most significant environmental factors influencing species distribution. DEF communities were associated with moderately acidic soils (pH 5.7–7.2), height above mean sea level (above 150 m a.s.l.), and finer-textured soils. In contrast, MDF communities were linked to more alkaline, sandy soils with higher organic content, found in foothill areas and valleys. These findings support the hypothesis that species composition and forest structural attributes are strongly shaped by edaphic and topographic variability. The average total aboveground biomass was 612.70 t· ha-1, comprising stem biomass (477.94 t·ha-1), branch biomass (122.04 t·ha-1), and leaf biomass (12.72 t·ha-1). This corresponds to an average carbon stock of 287.97 tC ha-1 and an estimated tCO2-equivalent sequestration of 1,055.88 tCO2·ha-1. When analyzed by forest type, Dry Evergreen Forests exhibited significantly higher carbon storage and biomass than Mixed Deciduous Forests. Specifically: DEF plots had an average biomass of 445.06 t ha-1 and stored 209.18 tC ha-1 of carbon. MDF plots had significantly lower values, with 167.63 t ha-1 of biomass and 78.79 tC ha-1of carbon. A notable ecological concern is the widespread presence of Leucaena leucocephala, an invasive alien species dominating the forest edge, particularly in MDF zones. This fast-growing legume forms dense thickets that suppress native regeneration and may alter successional dynamics, reduce biodiversity, and diminish long-term carbon sequestration potential.
Conclusion: Khao Nam Sap Forest demonstrates considerable ecological potential, particularly within Dry Evergreen Forest areas, where structurally complex tree communities, high diversity, and substantial biomass contribute to robust carbon storage. The data highlight the crucial role of late-successional forests in maintaining ecosystem stability and resilience. Mixed Deciduous Forest areas, while less carbon-dense, offer diverse species assemblages and are valuable for understanding regeneration pathways in disturbed tropical landscapes. Integrating species data, biomass estimates, and environmental factors provides a comprehensive framework for forest restoration planning and management. These insights are vital for Thailand’s strategy toward achieving carbon neutrality, promoting forest-based climate solutions, and conserving native biodiversity under changing environmental conditions
SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF PREGNANCY IN MURRAH BUFFALOES
Get PDFThe most significant and productive milk producer among Indian buffalo breeds is the Murrah. Determining reference values for the serum biochemical markers of Murrah buffaloes at different stages of pregnancy was the aim of the current study. This study included 28 Murrah buffaloes from the Indore district of Madhya Pradesh, India. They have been separated into 4 groups: Group I was non-pregnant, Group 2 was in “the 1st trimester of pregnancy, Group 3 was in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, and Group 4 was in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy” till parturition. Every group had 7 animals. Blood samples were tested for serum biochemical measures, including total albumin, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, uric acid, globulin, HDL (higher density lipoprotein) cholesterol, A/G (albumin/globulin) ratio, LDL (lower density lipoprotein) cholesterol, creatinine, total cholesterol, ALT (alanine-aminotransferase), triglycerides, ALP (alkaline phosphatase), andprotein. Late-pregnancy serum albumin levels in comparison to mid-pregnancy and non-pregnant animals; HDL cholesterol in early-, mid-, and late-pregnancy in animals as well as non-pregnant, mid-, as well as late-pregnant animals; ALT as well as AST levels in late pregnancy in comparison to other cohorts; glucose levels in pregnant animals as opposed to those that are not; Urea levels in non-pregnant, early, middle, and late-pregnant animals; BUN between early-, middle-, and late-stage pregnancy and non-pregnant animals; early-pregnant with late pregnant animals-all displayed a greatly significant variance (P<0.01). Serum “levels of total protein in the middle along with late phase of pregnancy has been significantly (P<0.05) different from those of the non-pregnant” animal, total cholesterol in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy was different from other groups, and only uric acid was different between the non-pregnant and postpartum animals. The levels of globulin, LDL cholesterol, A/G ratio, ALP, triglycerides, as well as creatinine did not significantly differ (P>0.05) across the groups. The current research concluded by establishing reference values that serve as a helpful guide for evaluating blood biochemical markers in Murrah buffaloes at various stages of pregnancy
EFFECT OF LYSINE AND SODIUM BUTYRATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON METABOLIC PROFILE AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BUFFALO CALVES
Get PDFThe present study was designed to support the calf growth during winter season with supplementation of crude protein, lysine (the essential amino acid) and sodium butyrate (acidifier) in the calf starter. 15 apparently healthy and infection free buffalo calves above 2 weeks of age were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1: calves were fed calf starter (20% CP), Group 2: calves were fed calf starter (20% CP) + lysine 100 g/100 kg calf starter, Group 3: calves were fed calf starter (20% CP) + lysine 100 g/100 kg calf starter + sodium butyrate -0.3%. Lysine and sodium butyrate were supplemented for 2 months. Group 3 calves (supplemented with lysine and sodium butyrate) exhibited significantly higher body weight value, withers height, length and heart girth as compared to Group 1 calves (Control). The data revealed no significant (P<0.05) effect of sodium butyrate and lysine on Hb, PCV, Liver function tests (Bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALKP, GGT) and Kidney function tests (BUN, Creatinine), total protein, glucose, sodium, chloride, potassium, plasma osmolality and total immunoglobulins
การวิเคราะห์ต้นทุนประสิทธิผลการส่งเสริมสุขภาพและโภชนาการกลุ่มผู้สูงอายุ ตำบลคลองปราบ อำเภอบ้านนาสาร จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี
Get PDFThis research was designed to lead to behavioral change to promote the health of the elderly. The study was conducted in Khlong Prab Subdistrict, Ban Na San District, Surat Thani Province. The objective was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of a program to promote health and nutrition among the elderly in Khlong Prab Subdistrict, Ban Na San District, Surat Thani Province. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to a sample of 105 participants in the Elderly Health and Nutrition Promotion Project. Statistics used for analysis included means, standard deviations, percentages, F-test (ANOVA), Scheffé’s test, cost-effectiveness assessments, and social return on investment (SROI).
This study designed a behavioral nudge for three groups of elderly: Group 1: nudges provided through nutrition education workshops and the development of local recipes; Group 2: nudges provided through emotional adjustments to encourage appropriate food choices through a developed digital communication platform, the LINE application (LINE Official Account); and Group 3: nudges provided through the LINE application by creating LINE groups. The results of the study revealed the cost-effectiveness of the program to promote health and nutrition among the elderly. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that LINE groups were the most effective method, covering health, mental health, quality of life, and food and consumption expenditures. The method through the digital communication platform LINE application (LINE Official Account) was the most effective in terms of medical and health expenses. Using the social return on investment method, it was found that the standard formula and manual development method, the SROI in the ongoing period (Year 0) was equal to 1:0.19. With the digital communication platform LINE application (LINE Official Account), the SROI in the ongoing period was equal to 1:0.20. With the LINE group method, the SROI in the ongoing period was equal to 1:0.18. Therefore, the nudge model of this research project should be continuously applied to promote the health and nutrition of the elderly in order to effectively support long-term population structure changes.การวิจัยนี้ออกแบบเพื่อนำมาสู่ปรับเปลี่ยนพฤติกรรมเพื่อส่งเสริมสุขภาพผู้สูงอายุ การดำเนินการวิจัย ได้ใช้พื้นที่ตำบลคลองปราบ อำเภอบ้านนาสาร จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อวิเคราะห์ต้นทุนประสิทธิผลของโปรแกรมส่งเสริมภาวะสุขภาพ และโภชนาการของผู้สูงอายุในพื้นที่ตำบลคลองปราบ อำเภอบ้านนาสาร จังหวัดสุราษฎร์ธานี ข้อมูลที่ใช้ในการวิจัยเป็นข้อมูลที่ได้จากเก็บแบบสอบถามกับกลุ่มตัวอย่าง ที่เข้าร่วมที่โครงการส่งเสริมสุขภาพและโภชนาการกลุ่มผู้สูงอายุ จำนวน 105 คน สถิติที่ใช้เพื่อการวิเคราะห์ ได้แก่ ค่าเฉลี่ย ค่าเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ค่าร้อยละ F-test (ANOVA) เชฟเฟ่ การประเมินต้นทุนประสิทธิผล และการประเมินผลตอบแทนทางสังคมจากการลงทุนการศึกษานี้ ได้ออกแบบการสะกิดพฤติกรรมผู้สูงอายุ 3 กลุ่ม คือ กลุ่มที่ 1 สะกิดโดยอบรมเชิงปฏิบัติการให้ความรู้โภชนาการและพัฒนาสูตรอาหารพื้นถิ่น กลุ่มที่ 2 สะกิดโดยปรับความรู้สึกให้ตัดสินเลือกได้อย่างเหมาะสมผ่านแอปพลิเคชันที่พัฒนา แพลตฟอร์มการสื่อสารดิจิทัลแอปพลิเคชัน LINE (Line Official Account) กลุ่มที่ 3 สะกิดกระตุ้นพฤติกรรมผ่านแอปพลิเคชันไลน์โดยการสร้างไลน์กลุ่ม ผลการศึกษา ต้นทุนประสิทธิผลของโปรแกรมส่งเสริมภาวะสุขภาพและโภชนาการของผู้สูงอายุ วิธีการวิเคราะห์ต้นทุน-ประสิทธิผล พบว่า วิธีการผ่านไลน์กลุ่มดีที่สุด ประกอบด้วยด้านสุขภาพ ด้านจิตใจและคุณภาพชีวิต ด้านค่าใช้จ่ายด้านอาหาร และการบริโภค ส่วนวิธีการผ่านแพลตฟอร์มการสื่อสารดิจิทัลแอปพลิเคชัน LINE (Line Official Account) ดีที่สุด ในด้านค่าใช้จ่ายทางการแพทย์และสุขภาพ การใช้วิธีผลตอบแทนทางสังคมจากการลงทุน พบว่าวิธีการพัฒนาสูตรมาตรฐานและคู่มือ ผลการคำนวณ ผลตอบแทนทางสังคมจากการลงทุน (SROI) แบบ Ongoing (ปีที่ 0) เท่ากับ 1:0.19 วิธีการใช้แพลตฟอร์มการสื่อสารดิจิทัลแอปพลิเคชัน LINE (Line Official Account) ผลการคำนวณ ผลตอบแทนทางสังคมจากการลงทุน (SROI) แบบ Ongoing เท่ากับ 1:0.20 และวิธีการใช้ไลน์กลุ่ม ผลการคำนวณ ผลตอบแทนทางสังคมจากการลงทุน (SROI) แบบ Ongoing เท่ากับ 1:0.18 ดังนั้น ควรนำรูปแบบการสะกิดของโครงการวิจัยมาใช้ต่อเนื่องในการส่งเสริมภาวะสุขภาพและโภชนาการของผู้สูงอายุ เพื่อรองรับการเปลี่ยนแปลงโครงสร้างประชากรในระยะยาวอย่างมีประสิทธิภา
R&D, Innovation and Profit in Food Firms in Thailand
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of R&D expenditure on firm performance using panel data from 42 food firms listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). We first analyze the effect of R&D spending on gross profit and find that its second lag has a strong positive impact. Next, we examine innovation outputs including patent applications and new product launches and observe that both have a negative effect on gross profit. Finally, we construct an Innovation Index using factor analysis to capture latent innovation activities. The index shows a significant positive relationship with gross profit, highlighting the multidimensional nature of innovation in the food industry. Based on these findings, we recommend that the government and Thai food firms continue to strengthen support for R&D to enhance long term competitiveness
ปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อพฤติกรรมการกลั่นแกล้งของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น โรงเรียนสาธิตแห่งมหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ วิทยาเขตกำแพงแสน ศูนย์วิจัยและพัฒนาการศึกษา
Get PDFThe objectives of this research were 1) to study the level of bullying behavior among lower secondary school students, 2) to investigate the factors that affect bullying behavior among lower secondary school students, and 3) to identify the factors that influence bullying behavior among lower secondary school students. The sample consists of 240 lower secondary school students selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, and the statistics used for data analysis include frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, person’s product moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.The research results were as follow: 1) the overall factors influencing bullying behavior among lower secondary school was at a high level; 2) the factor affecting of bullying behavior among lower secondary school students was at moderate level with 7 factors identified include self-esteem, frustration, relationships between students and peers, relationships between students and family, relationships between students and teachers, online media usage, and religious beliefs; and 3) the factors affecting bullying behavior among lower secondary school students consist of 3 factors: relationships between students and peers, relationships between students and family, and online media usage. The collectively explain the bullying behavior of lower secondary school students about percentage of 21.2 at the level of .001 and can be used to develop a predictive equation. The predictive equation for bullying behavior of lower secondary school students as follows: Regression equation: Y ̂=2.455 + 0.168X_3 + 0.316X_4 + 0.161X_6 Standardized regression equation: (Z_y ) ̂=0.185Y_x3 + 0.331Y_x4 + 0.215Y_x6การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาระดับพฤติกรรมการกลั่นแกล้งของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น 2) ศึกษาระดับปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อพฤติกรรมการกลั่นแกล้งของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น และ 3) ศึกษาปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อพฤติกรรมการกลั่นแกล้งของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น กลุ่มตัวอย่างที่ใช้ในการวิจัย คือ นักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น โรงเรียนสาธิตแห่งมหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ วิทยาเขตกำแพงแสน ศูนย์วิจัยและพัฒนาการศึกษา จำนวน 240 คน โดยใช้วิธีการสุ่มตัวอย่างแบบง่าย เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลด้วยแบบสอบถาม สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลได้แก่ ความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน วิเคราะห์โดยใช้สัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์ของเพียร์สัน และการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยพหุคูณแบบขั้นตอนผลการวิจัยพบว่า 1) ระดับพฤติกรรมการกลั่นแกล้งของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น โดยภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก 2) ระดับปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อพฤติกรรมการกลั่นแกล้งของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้นโดยรวมอยู่ในระดับปานกลางทั้ง 7 ตัวแปร ประกอบด้วย การเห็นคุณค่าในตนเอง ความคับข้องใจ สัมพันธภาพระหว่างนักเรียนกับเพื่อน สัมพันธภาพระหว่างนักเรียนกับครอบครัว สัมพันธภาพระหว่างนักเรียนกับครู การใช้สื่อออนไลน์ และความเชื่อทางศาสนา และ 3) ปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อพฤติกรรมการกลั่นแกล้งของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น มีจำนวน 3 ตัวแปร ได้แก่ สัมพันธภาพระหว่างนักเรียนกับเพื่อน สัมพันธภาพระหว่างนักเรียนกับครอบครัว และการใช้สื่อออนไลน์ โดยร่วมอธิบายพฤติกรรมการกลั่นแกล้งของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้นได้ร้อยละ 21.2 ที่ระดับนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ .001 และสามารถสร้างสมการพยากรณ์พฤติกรรมการกลั่นแกล้งของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาตอนต้น ในรูปคะแนน Y ̂=2.455 + 0.168X_3 + 0.316X_4 + 0.161X_6 และสมการพยากรณ์ในรูปแบบคะแนนมาตรฐาน (Z_y ) ̂=0.185Y_x3 + 0.331Y_x4 + 0.215Y_x
หลักสูตรการฝึกอบรมเส้นทางธุรกิจการผลิตไข่ผำเพื่ออาหารสุขภาพ
Get PDFThis research aims to develop a training course for a business pathway centered on producing health food derived from Wolffia. The research was conducted in two steps: 1) the development of the training course, and 2) a critique of this course. Key informants included lecturers and staff from the Faculty of Education and Development Sciences, Kasetsart University; participants from Withi Phra Thaen Social Enterprise, Tha Maka District, Kanchanaburi Province; participants from the Office of Extension and Training Kamphaeng Saen; and Wolffia farmers. The research instruments comprised an interview form and an observational form. The methodologies employed included interviews, critique, reflection, and focus groups. The data were analyzed qualitatively through content analysis.Based on the results, it was indicated that the training course included the following components: training title, training objectives, course content, training activities, training media, training evaluation, and the duration of the training period. The course content comprised four learning units: 1) Wolffia as a future food source, 2) Universality of Wolffia, 3) Wolffia as a superfood, and 4) Wolffia for start-up business. This course will offer a comprehensive introduction to Wolffia, its cultivation for household food, processing techniques, and an overview of the Wolffia market. In summary, based on the course evaluation, this research proposes a model for a short-term training program that can serve as a prototype for developing health foods from Wolffia at the community level.งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อพัฒนาหลักสูตรการฝึกอบรมเส้นทางธุรกิจการผลิตไข่ผำเพื่อสุขภาพ ขั้นตอนการวิจัยมี 2 ขั้นตอน ได้แก่ 1) การพัฒนาหลักสูตร และ 2) การวิพากษ์หลักสูตร ผู้ให้ข้อมูล ได้แก่ อาจารย์ บุคลากร จากคณะศึกษาศาสตร์และพัฒนศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ ตลอดจนผู้มีส่วนร่วมจากกลุ่มวิสาหกิจชุมชนวิถีพระแท่น อำเภอท่ามะกา จังหวัดกาญจนบุรี สำนักส่งเสริมและฝึกอบรมกำแพงแสน และเกษตรกรผู้เพาะเลี้ยงไข่ผำ เครื่องมือวิจัย ได้แก่ แบบสัมภาษณ์ และแบบสังเกต วิธีการวิจัยใช้การสัมภาษณ์ การวิพากษ์ การสะท้อน และการสนทนากลุ่ม วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลเชิงคุณภาพด้วยการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหาผลการวิจัย พบว่า หลักสูตรการอบรม ประกอบด้วย หัวข้อการอบรม วัตถุประสงค์การอบรม เนื้อหาการอบรม กิจกรรมการอบรม สื่อประกอบการอบรม การประเมินผล และระยะเวลาในการอบรม เนื้อหาการอบรม ประกอบด้วย 4 หน่วยการเรียนรู้ ได้แก่ 1) ไข่ผำอาหารแห่งอนาคต 2) หลากมิติการผลิตไข่ผำ 3) ไข่ผำสุดยอดนวัตกรรมอาหารสุขภาพ และ 4) เส้นทางธุรกิจไข่ผำ หลักสูตรการฝึกอบรมนี้จะทำให้ผู้สนใจทราบถึงบริบทไข่ผำเบื้องต้น การเพาะเลี้ยงไข่ผำในครัวเรือน เทคนิคการแปรรูป และข้อมูลความต้องการทางการตลาด บทสรุปจากการประเมินหลักสูตร คือ หลักสูตรนี้สามารถใช้เป็นต้นแบบการฝึกอบรมระยะสั้น สำหรับการผลิตไข่ผำเพื่ออาหารสุขภาพในระดับชุมช
GENISTEIN DECREASES THE NITRIC OXIDE INDUCED ACROSOME REACTION BY INHIBITING TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION IN MURRAH BUFFALO SPERMATOZOA
Get PDFSpermine-NONOate, a nitric oxide donor, contributes to various physiological functions, including the acrosome reaction (AR) at physiological levels. It triggers AR by enhancing tyrosine phosphorylation in proteins ranging from 20 to 105 kDa. Genistein, an isoflavonoid known to inhibit protein tyrosine kinase, significantly (P<0.05) reduces the AR percentage compared to Spermine-NONOate. Furthermore, LPC alone markedly increases the AR percentage (P<0.05) relative to the control (51.36±1.03% vs. 19.09±1.38%). Spermine-NONOate treatment elevates phosphorylation in proteins p20, p30, p38, p80, and p105, but this phosphorylation is significantly decreased (P<0.05) when genistein is present. Notably, p20 and p30 show higher phosphorylation in the Spermine-NONOate group but are absent in both the genistein-only and Spermine-NONOate+genistein groups, with p30 specifically undetectable after genistein treatment. In contrast, proteins p80 and p105 experience substantial tyrosine phosphorylation in the Spermine-NONOate group, which diminishes significantly (P<0.05) with genistein. This decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation during AR in the presence of genistein suggests its inhibitory effect on nitric oxide-induced AR, indicating that nitric oxide facilitates AR in buffalo spermatozoa through protein tyrosine kinase-dependent phosphorylation