Comparative Legilinguistics
Not a member yet
428 research outputs found
Sort by
LES CONTRADICTIONS SYSTEMIQUES COMME SOURCES D’ACCESSIBILITE DIFFICILE DU LANGAGE JURIDIQUE
Get PDFRésumé : Le langage juridique se présente sous forme de textes difficilement accessibles aux non-initiés. Pourtant, certains de ces textes, comme les textes de lois, sont d’une utilité générale et concernent tout le monde. Tributaire de grands travaux de la théorie juridique sur l’incertitude juridique et de la pratique légistique française, cet article tente de rechercher les sources systémiques de cette situation paradoxale à partir d’exemples tirés notamment du Code civil français. Affirmant que les contradictions qui se manifestent sur le plan linguistique sont immanentes à tout ordre juridique, de l’opposition entre la précision et l’ambiguïté des termes et concepts juridiques, par le conflit entre leur côté traditionnel ou moderne, jusqu’à la divergence entre l’intelligibilité et la technicité des textes juridiques, l’article essaie d’identifier les contradictions systémiques principales responsables de l’accessibilité limitée du langage juridique tant au niveau du vocabulaire juridique qu’au niveau du discours du droit
BERUFSPROFIL UND WISSENSCHAFTLICHES SCHAFFEN VON UNIV.-PROF. DR. HABIL. ARTUR DARIUSZ KUBACKI
Get PDFDer nachstehende Beitrag besteht aus zwei Teilen. Im ersten Teil wird das Berufsprofil des polnischen Sprachwissenschaftlers, Univ.-Prof. Dr. habil. Artur Dariusz Kubacki, beschrieben. Im Fokus steht sein beruflicher Werdegang. Er umfasst die vielfältige didaktische Tätigkeit, die breite Expertentätigkeit an verschiedenen Universitäten und in anderen Einrichtungen, die internationale und interinstitutionelle Zusammenarbeit, sowie Weiterbildungsformen. Demnächst werden die wichtigsten Leistungen in seinem Berufsleben dargestellt. Im zweiten Teil des Artikels wird das wissenschaftliche Schaffen vom polnischen Sprachwissenschaftler ausführlich präsentiert. Berücksichtigung finden hier vor allem seine zahlreichen legilinguistischen Veröffentlichungen.Der nachstehende Beitrag besteht aus zwei Teilen. Im ersten Teil wird das Berufsprofil des polnischen Sprachwissenschaftlers, Univ.-Prof. Dr. habil. Artur Dariusz Kubacki, beschrieben. Im Fokus steht sein beruflicher Werdegang. Er umfasst die vielfältige didaktische Tätigkeit, die breite Expertentätigkeit an verschiedenen Universitäten und in anderen Einrichtungen, die internationale und interinstitutionelle Zusammenarbeit, sowie Weiterbildungsformen. Demnächst werden die wichtigsten Leistungen in seinem Berufsleben dargestellt. Im zweiten Teil des Artikels wird das wissenschaftliche Schaffen vom polnischen Sprachwissenschaftler ausführlich präsentiert. Berücksichtigung finden hier vor allem seine zahlreichen legilinguistischen Veröffentlichungen
TRANSLATION IN LIBEL CASES: REPUTATIONS AT STAKE!
Get PDFAbstract: In this paper we examine translation arising in court cases involving reputational damage. A diachronic and tightly focused cross-jurisdictional selection of examples from case law is used to highlight the range of ways in which translation can be employed, blamed, or relied upon by the parties and by the courts, and we glimpse how translations can be a source of libel, a defence against libel, or a gateway to libellous material, how crucial translation can be in protecting or damaging reputations, and how significantly it can affect a case’s outcome. We apply Engberg’s lens for communication in legal contexts, distinguishing micro, meso and macro occurrences of translation at publisher/business/individual, judicial, and State levels. Recurring translation-related topics either mooted by courts or arising in our analysis are then outlined, including: competing translations; translation techniques; translator identification; online translation; how the acceptance of jurisdiction may be influenced by translation requirements; and how judges approach decision-making when foreign language documents and translation are involved.Abstract: In this paper we examine translation arising in court cases involving reputational damage. A diachronic and tightly focused cross-jurisdictional selection of examples from case law is used to highlight the range of ways in which translation can be employed, blamed, or relied upon by the parties and by the courts, and we glimpse how translations can be a source of libel, a defence against libel, or a gateway to libellous material, how crucial translation can be in protecting or damaging reputations, and how significantly it can affect a case’s outcome. We apply Engberg’s lens for communication in legal contexts, distinguishing micro, meso and macro occurrences of translation at publisher/business/individual, judicial, and State levels. Recurring translation-related topics either mooted by courts or arising in our analysis are then outlined, including: competing translations; translation techniques; translator identification; online translation; how the acceptance of jurisdiction may be influenced by translation requirements; and how judges approach decision-making when foreign language documents and translation are involved
"Time is of the essence" : awatary czasu w umowach common law
Get PDFThe paper focuses on time marks that may be detected in common law agreements and the translation issues they imply. In the first section, the author discusses the relation between time and law. The legal time governs the social time, as it ensures order and security. If memory is the manifestation of the legal past, the promise is the expression of the legal future. Depending on the legal culture taken into account, the legislator’s time may be more or less important than the time of the judge. The second section of the paper deals with time avatars that may be identified at the macrotextual level. The contract is understood as a promise that becomes obligation. The legal time is also expressed in contracts by the predictive capability of the parties, its acceleration and backwardness, its finiteness. The last section is an analysis of the translation of terms, collocations and metaphors expressing time in common law contracts.L’étude porte sur les marques de la temporalité identifiables dans les contrats de la common law et les difficultés d’ordre traductif qu’elles engendrent. Dans la première partie, l’auteur présente le rapport entre le temps et le droit. Le temps juridique régit le temps social par le fait qu’il garantit l’ordre et la sécurité. Si, dans le domaine du droit, la mémoire est la matérialisation du passé, la promesse est l’expression de l’avenir. En fonction de la culture juridique considérée, le temps du législateur peut être plus ou moins important que le temps du juge. La seconde partie de l’étude est consacrée à des avatars de la temporalité situés au niveau macrotextuel. Le contrat est compris comme une promesse transformée en obligation. Le temps juridique se manifeste aussi dans les contrats par la capacité anticipative des parties, l’accélération ou le retard, la finitude. La dernière section comporte une analyse traductologique des termes, collocations et métaphores qui expriment le temps dans les contrats anglo-saxons.Artykuł skupia się na oznaczeniach czasu, widocznych w umowach common law, oraz na związanych z nimi kwestiach tłumaczeniowych. W pierwszej części Autorka omawia związki prawa i czasu. Czas w prawie zarządza czasem społecznym, zapewniając porządek oraz bezpieczeństwo. Skoro pamięć jest odzwierciedleniem przeszłości prawnej, to obietnica jest wyrażeniem przyszłości prawnej. Zależnie od analizowanej kultury prawnej, czas legislatora może być mniej bądź bardziej istotny w porównaniu do czasu sędziego. Druga część tekstu poświęcona jest awatarom czasu, możliwym do zidentyfikowania na poziomie makrostrukturalnym tekstu. Umowa jest rozumiana jako przyrzeczenie, stające się zobowiązaniem. Czas prawny jest również wyrażony w umowach w postaci przewidywanej zdolności stron, przyspieszenia i uwstecznienia, jego spełnienia. Ostatnia część stanowi analizę tłumaczeń terminów, zwrotów i metafor wyrażających czas w umowach common law
CONSTANT DRIPPING WEARS AWAY A STONE. HOW HEIKKI E. S. MATTILA ESTABLISHED COMPARATIVE LEGAL LINGUISTICS
Get PDFThis article describes Heikki E.S. Mattila’s achievements in the area of comparative legal linguistics. It concentrates on the process of emergence of basic conceptual structure in Mattila’s work. Its further expansion and methodological requirements established by the founder of comparative legal linguistics are analyzed as well. Particularly, the establishing of Comparative Legal Linguistics as teaching subject is scrutinized from the methodological perspective that is based on interdisciplinarity. Likewise, possibilities for expansion of the conceptual structure of the newly established area of knowledge are discussed as well
LES DIFFICULTES LINGUISTIQUES DANS L’HARMONISATION DES SYSTEMES JURIDIQUES DANS L’UNION EUROPEENE A TRAVERS L’EXAMPLE DES DIRECTIVES PORTANT SUR LES GARANTIES PROCEDURALES EN MATIERE PENALE
Get PDFMultilingual writing of European directives is faced with a few linguistic difficulties, like choosing an appropriate legal terms. All linguistic versions shall reflect the same content event though the legal system of each Member State is different and some legal concept do not have an equivalent in other legal systems. In this way, legal writing of European Directive is a very complex subject both from legal and linguistic perspective. The aim of this article is to discuss different linguistics difficulties that could appear during the harmonisation of criminal proceedings in European Union, where multilingualism is a key value and to analyse the possible solutions, when dealing with those difficulties. It seems that even if multilingualism is a big challenge to European Union, it could have a positive influence on the quality of European legislation
SPECYFIKA LINGWO- I PRAWNOKULTUROWA W WYBRANYCH SZWAJCARSKICH AKTACH KONSTYTUCYJNYCH Z UWZGLĘDNIENIEM PERSPEKTYWY TRANSLACYJNEJ
Get PDFThe subject of the analysis is linguaculture expressing linguistic and cultural differences occurring in every language of law. They relate to vocabulary and editing principles of law acts. It seems that preserving such differences in the target translation makes it possible to reveal specific legislation trends of a given country, which express political motivation. Their preservation in the translated text requires good knowledge of law and in-depth comparative analysis. The focus of the analysis in this text is on the expression of gender in the law texts and specifically, on the translation of feminatives and legal names relevant for cultural dimension of a given law system.Przedmiotem analizy jest specyfika lingwokulturowa występująca w każdym porządku prawnym. Dotyczy ona słownictwa i zasad redagowania aktów prawnych. Jak się okazuje, zachowanie takich odrębności pozwala ujawnić w translacie szczególne tendencje w prawodawstwie danego kraju, które są wyrazem politycznych motywacji. Ich zachowanie w translacie wymaga dobrej wiedzy prawej i pogłębionych analiz komparatystycznych. Szczegółowa uwaga jest skierowana na tzw. genderowanie w prawie i przekład feminatywów oraz nazw prawnych presuponujących istotne treści kulturowe związane z danym systemem prawnym. Źródłem analizy są konstytucja Niemiec, Szwajcarii i Kantonu Zurych w ich niemieckojęzycznym brzmieniu
ANALISI DEL “RIGHT OF TERMINATION”, “RIGHT OF CANCELLATION” E “RIGHT OF WITHDRAWAL” IN CONTRATTI A DISTANZA E FUORI DAI LOCALI COMMERCIALI SECONDO LE DIRETTIVE EUROPEE
Get PDFSeveral are the European Directives dedicated to e-commerce, focussing on consumer rights, the distance marketing of consumer financial services and the protection of consumers in distance contracts. In contract law, the terms “termination”, “withdrawal” and “cancellation” have peculiar and distinct meaning. Nonetheless, they tend to be misused and applied interchangeably. This article will shed light on these relevant terms in the light of EU Directives on the protection of consumer rights in off-premises and distance contracts. To do so, it will first present instances in which the meaning and use of these terms is either clear-cut or somehow blurred. By analysing word usage and meaning in context, it will explore how EU Directives, and EU drafters in general, made (un)ambiguous distinctions. Then, it will investigate whether English-speaking drafters (such as those of the pre-Brexit UK, Ireland and Malta) made a consistent use of such terms. Finally, this paper will explore whether online conditions of sale written in English by non-English speaking sellers or traders (such as Italian and Polish) also make a consistent use of the terms. The paper findings highlight that the use and legal purpose of these terms in European Directives have not been particularly consistent over the years. Furthermore, Member States’ system-specificity has weighed on the meaning, application and scope of the terms. On the other hand, at EU level the absence of a unique legal system of reference and the challenges of harmonization may have created false equivalences.Vi sono numerose Direttive europee dedicate all’e-commerce che tutelano i diritti dei consumatori; la commercializzazione a distanza di servizi finanziari ai consumatori e la tutela dei consumatori in contratti a distanza. Nel common law, i termini “termination”, “withdrawal”, e “cancellation” si contraddistinguono in quanto assumono significati ben precisi. Tuttavia, sono spesso impiegati in modo errato ed usati intercambiabilmente. Il presente articolo discute la suddetta terminologia alla luce delle Direttive europee sulla tutela dei diritti dei consumatori in contratti a distanza e fuori dai locali commerciali. A tal fine, si presentano e discutono esempi in cui l’uso ed il significato di tali termini è a volte chiaro ed altre volte poco cristallino. Analizzando l’uso ed il significato dei termini nel contesto, si evidenzia se e come le Direttive europee, ed i legislatori europei più in genere, hanno stabilito chiare distinzioni. Successivamente, si analizza se i paesi madrelingua inglese (quali la Gran Bretagna pre-Brexit, l’Irlanda e Malta) hanno impiegato tali termini coerentemente con le Direttive. Infine, si esaminano i termini e le condizioni di vendita online redatti in lingua inglese da rivenditori non madrelingua inglese (quali Italiani e Polacchi) per verificare se l\u27impiego di tale terminologia è altrettanto coerente. L’articolo evidenzia che, nel corso del tempo, l’uso e l’ambito di applicazione di tali termini nelle Direttive europee è stato piuttosto frammentario. Le specificità dei sistemi giuridici degli Stati Membri hanno probabilmente inficiato sul significato, sull’applicazione e sull’ambito di utilizzo dei suddetti termini. Inoltre, l’assenza a livello europeo di un unico sistema giuridico di riferimento e le difficoltà di armonizzazione, hanno probabilmente dato origine a false equivalenze. 
ON THE FORMS AND THORNS OF LINGUISTIC INDETERMINACY IN CHINESE LAW
Get PDFThis study addresses the different types and implications of linguistic indeterminacy in Chinese law. It firstly draws on the studies of scholars of different disciplines, such as linguistics and philosophy of language, to provide a taxonomy of indeterminacy in language. It then provides examples of each type, highlighting the implications in law and legal interpretation. It uses linguistic data from various texts, such as statutory laws and judgements, and analyse them with various methods, including discourse analysis and corpus linguistics. This study argues that when the language of the law is indeterminate, the legal outcomes may be particularly uncertain. It suggests that although it is difficult to ascertain whether the degree of indeterminacy is higher in some languages more than in others, some linguistic mechanisms at the word-formation level in Chinese are remarkably ambiguous. When uncertain terms are in key parts of the law, the consequences may be more serious. The study of linguistic indeterminacy in Chinese has implications for the study of forensic linguistics, and Chinese studies in general