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Shaping cities for health to contrast the effects of climate change: the CCHURE proposal
Get PDFRegenerating the existing city and placing health at the center of policies, plans, and projects represents an effect response to contrast the effects of climate change that impact cities and the health of inhabitants. Convinced of this need/opportunity are the World Health Organization (WHO), eminent international researchers, and public administration representatives in many European cities. However, a consolidated "silo approach", which is common to the sectors of scientific research and public administration, does not allow common objectives to be defined, especially in small-medium cities, or integrated design proposals to be formulated. The CCUHRE Research (Climate change and urban health resilience) aims to define a transdisciplinary methodology to evaluate the effects that climate change produces on urban health, to direct policies for adaptation/mitigation through the contribution of many scientific disciplines, interaction with municipalities and local health agencies, and the involvement of local communities. This will be done with the support of new IoT (Internet of Things) technologies and mobile crowdsensing techniques in order to expand knowledge to measure/assess the effects of climate change on health, to involve communities in designing shared plans for development, to empower them when dealing with urban health and wellbeing, and to support public administrations in making decisions.publishedVersio
Home parking and commuting: exploring new ways of estimating the impact of parking on mobility choices
Get PDFWe explore how home parking quantity affects households’ choices of car ownership and commute mode in the Greater Wellington Region (GWR) in New Zealand. We consider socioeconomic characteristics of commuters from the New Zealand Household Travel Survey between 2003 and 2017, as well as commute time, and characteristics of the residential location. The research makes two important contributions to parking literature. First, we consider commute time for different modes instead of distance. Time better represents perception of commute length. Second, our work is regional in scale, including several urban and rural areas. Almost all current studies focus on urban areas. Results of this study show the significant impact of home parking quantity on car ownership and commute mode. Households with more parking at home tend to have more cars and drive to work. Wellington downtown is surrounded by sprawl suburbs with high residential parking supply. Therefore, spatial structure of the GWR and parking quantity encourage car trips to the downtown. More car trips mean greater demand for parking at the city centre. Hence, there is a relationship between home parking and work parking which is rarely studied in parking literature. This is the focus of our future research.publishedVersio
Urban Design Methods of Shanghai Tilanqiao Historic District
Get PDFThe Shanghai Tilanqiao Historic District is one of the Shanghai Historical Scenery Reserve area, with Lane as the main building type in this district. Lane is one of the symbolic representations of Shanghai culture, which records the historical information and cultural genes of the city, and is of great significance to the sense of home, identity and belonging of the citizens. With the development of Shanghai city, some Lane buildings in Tilanqiao Historic District have been demolished. In addition, in the lack of public space and living space, residents renovate and expand privately in order to improve living environment. In this condition, the integrity of the community is broken and community life is difficult to maintain. Based on theoretical research and field research, this paper analyzes the spatial characteristics from the aspects of texture, architectural space, street interface and public space, and sorts out the buildings in the Lanes by the typology method. In addition to strengthening the design of streets and public spaces, it attempts to explore the means of achieving functional replacement of old buildings and guiding the form and style of new buildings. Under the premise of protecting the original historical districts as much as possible, it try to reshape the vitality of the area and meet the living requirements of the original residents. The urban design methods explored in this paper are expected to provide useful information for realizing the regional renewal construction, and play a guiding and indispensable role in urban transformation, maintaining regional vitality, and retaining urban memory
New roles for Administrations, Planners and Citizens in the Self-organization view
Get PDFIn contemporary debate about citizens self-organization it emerge the ambiguous role of practices, and policies in response. These can create a new way to intending the city trough the creation of new institutions, or commodifies and privatize social services. Some of these practices can be de facto an enclosure to a close community of people, while others can provide public services as or more effective than the institutional ones (Cellamare, 2012). Using the category of spatial justice as a framework to read the practices of self-organization and the policies linked with them can provide some tools. Spatial justice can provide some questions regarding openness and fairness (Soja, 2010; Falco, 1978). About the right to the city, it is possible to use it as a category for trying to understand how citizens are involved in the design of the city as a whole (Lefebvre, 1968; Harvey, 2012). Both of them can generate a number of singles groups of citizens and singles spaces or can create synergies with effects among every part of the city. Citizens self-organization left some questions un-answered: about the role of public administration, especially if practices step over legal / illegal border and recall the concept of justice.publishedVersio
Neoliberal Governance and Accumulation by Dispossession in Karaburun Peninsula, Izmir, Turkey
Get PDFThe transition to neoliberal governance brought along the transfer of the property or the right to use of natural areas to the private sector. Having undertaken the role of deregulation and reregulation, the state has provided the legal framework of new capitalist activities leading to the commodification and marketization of natural areas, which were previously non-commodified or non-marketized. In this way, the biophysical world has been encompassed in the accumulation process. On the other hand, with privatization or the assignment of use rights, unowned, state-owned, communally-owned areas have become spatial fixes for capital. Hence, the people living adjacent to, or in these areas, have been deprived of the right to use of them. Karaburun Peninsula is encompassed into this process especially after the 2000s. The forests, pastures, natural conservation areas, coastal and the sea, which were belonging to State or open to the use of local people, have been enclosured for, and exposed to the sustainable energy investments, fish farming, quarries, industrial agriculture, and tourism by private sector initiatives. So, the local people have been dispossessed by legalized transfer of use or property rights, as they can no longer sustain their daily practices and relations to nature to make their living.publishedVersio
Transitions towards landscape- and heritage-centred local development strategies: A Multi-Level Perspective
Get PDFAt the beginning of the new century, the European Landscape Convention (ELC) marked a paradigm shift in the conception of landscape, which is now conceived of as a common good and of crucial importance to people’s every day lives. A challenge is thus to find new approaches and tools to make the new concept translated into practice. The paper employs the Multi Level Perspective (MLP) to analyse transition pathways towards innovative forms of landscape management. In contrast with a linear conception of innovation, the use of this framework enables the authors to show nested and bidirectional dynamics of change across multiple levels and the interactions between different sectors/actors: governance and policy, professionals and public administration, grassroots organizations, citizens, market, industry. The paper focuses on the way new concepts and tools for landscape protection and improvement have been spread into planning practice in the Apulia region through the development of the new Territorial Landscape Plan (TLP). In the analysis, a particular attention is paid to the way innovative forms of management of landscape are actually mobilized, supported and given long-term perspectives, while resistance to change is lowered throughout the development and the implementation of the plan
Exploring critical constructive thinking in planning studies
Get PDFplaNext-Next Generation Planning Vol. 8 (2019) : Making space for hope 40-44One of the distinctive characteristics of urban planning as a discipline is its responsibility to educate practitioners who have to ‘go out there and get things done’. The world of planning today is seen by scholarly literature as an exciting, but also a challenging, profession in reference to the political economic framework which is dominated by authoritarianism, neoliberalism, informality, crime, fragmentation, depoliticization, and populism (see Filion, 2011; Gunder, 2010; Kunzmann, 2016; Ponzini, 2016; Ruming, 2018; Tasan-Kok & Baeten, 2011; Thornley, 2018; Sager, 2009; Roy, 2015). Although the practitioner’s role is prone to high levels of political and economic pressures in this ‘dark’ impression, recent studies have shown that there is a tendency among planning practitioners to push boundaries (Forester, 2013; Tasan-Kok et al., 2016; Tasan-Kok & Oranje, 2017) and even to become activists (Sager, 2016). Furthermore, work with planning students shows that radical critical approaches in planning education may turn into mere cynicism when they do not offer an analysis of problems or offer tools for alternative and emancipatory ideas (Tunström, 2017). Keeping this viewpoint in mind, and the theme of the 2018 AESOP Congress in Gothenburg, Sweden, which was ‘Making Space for Hope’, I proposed to place ‘critical constructive thinking’ in planning research under the spotlight as a topic for discussion with PhD students and young scholars during the AESOP PhD workshop, which followed the same theme of ‘hope’. It provided an excellent platform to debate for planning researchers on how to remain critical while still being able to provide constructive solutions in a landscape of complex social, economic and political relations and power dynamics. These are, I believe, also fundamental characteristic of planning practitioners and should be highlighted in planning education
Discussion on the factors of sustainable urban growth in shrinking region: Case study of Eucalyptus Hills in the city of Sakura developed by the private developer Yamaman
Get PDFPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2There are many previous studies discussing the issues and solutions of shrinking cities, but only a few studies have discussed the sustainable development of shrinking cities. This study focuses on the case of the Eucalyptus Hills development by Yamaman, its private developer, known as a best practice sustainable development of new towns in the city of Sakura in the Tokyo suburb in Japan. The study reviews the recognised aspects and features of the Eucalyptus Hills development as sustainable development by Japanese researchers and aims to abstract the implications for sustainable developments in shrinking cities. As the results, three features, namely, the existence of a mono-developer (town manager), a certain size of population to support living services business and a well-balanced demographic composition, can be considered as the conditions required for sustainable development in shrinking cities. These research results may be applied for dormitory towns in the suburbs of megacities, with sufficient job opportunities for such towns.publishedVersio
Engaging Non-Citizens in an Age of Uncertainty: Lessons from Immigrant-Serving Nonprofits in Los Angeles County
Get PDFPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2Problem, research strategy, and findings: Arnstein’s (1969) ladder has informed how planners redistribute power among constituents and increase citizen participation. Since the late 1960s, the non-citizen population has increased in the U.S. This demographic shift has affected planning and community engagement because many immigrants experience disparate access to public goods and services more so than native-born residents. Non-citizens are also particularly vulnerable to shifting political landscapes due to citizenship status. I use 29 interviews with immigrant-serving nonprofits to identify unique challenges to serve non-citizen clients after the 2016 election. Immigrant nonprofit experiences are informative because they may be the first and only organization to provide non-citizens with services and resources in times of uncertainty. The interviews inform how planners can improve non-citizen engagement practices and redistribute political power. Interviewees highlight how non-citizens experience barriers to public services and spaces due to fear of deportation and abrupt changes in their citizenship status. As a result, non-citizens are selective in how and where they engage. Thus, they connect to informal and formal spaces that may exist beyond their neighborhoods. These experiences also increase noncitizen dependency on nonprofits. As planners improve immigrant incorporation through these considerations, they can improve how they balance power, constituent representation, and meeting residents’ needs.publishedVersio
Communication Through Visualization: The Purpose, Role and Style of Visualizations in Urban Planning
Get PDFVisualization is used to convey information to communicate a message and in its all-different forms they help us to understand our cities and make it available for analysis. They increase our capacity of comprehension by making useful conceptual shortcuts in our understanding to have a glimpse of “what’s happening” in our cities. The article analyses the use of visualization in planning discipline, how it was used and perceived throughout the planning tradition. The objective is to analyse the role of visualizations, how they are used to establish dialog, at what stage it is useful and effective to introduce them into the dialog. It further investigates the style of visualizations by analysing the basic design principles and as well as visual perception and cognition fundamentals to clarify what effects the efficacy of the visualization in traditional and digital visualization