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Participation and Communication: Changsha Children Friendly City Planning, Design and Actions on Multiple Levels
Get PDFThe main social contradictions in China have been transformed into the contradiction between the people's growing need for a better life and the unbalanced and inadequate development. Citizen engagement on planning and design need to be boarder and deeper. Introverted, “top-down” ways are transforming into more open, communicative and participative approaches. In the making of CFC process, Changsha has gradually explored a set of method and tools in multi-level planning and design, which embeds communication and participation into three-levels: macro, meso and micro. Planning and design now pay more attention to each individual citizen in the city than to the abstract population indicators in the past. It is becoming a more open and democratic process, so that citizens have more ways of communication and participation. This paper hopes Changsha experience will be helpful to more communicative and participatory planning and design in the future
Grenoble-Alpes and the Ecological Transition : Territorial Planning in Motion
Get PDFIn this article we make the following hypothesis: sustainable urban development and climate change adaptation policies have had significant effects on the reconfiguration of territorial planning systems, and we analyse this evolution in the context of a European territory. Since the early 2000s, the Grenoble metropolitan area has carried out a series of actions (tram and bicycle path network, adopting a “Plan climat”) and launched related projects (“Ecoquartiers”, “EcoCité”), which explains why it is often considered a pioneering territory in terms of sustainable development and adaptation to climate change. The revamping of public policies to better meet the challenges of ecological transition explains the overall transformation of the planning system that has been in effect until now. Moreover, for “Grenoble-Alpes Métropole”, the recent change of status is a moment of change for the territorial planning strategies. The establishment of the metropolis and the obligation it has to quickly have a “Plan local d’urbanisme intercommunal” now allow it to build a strategy based on a common vision of the urban area and its development. That’s why this strategy leads to the search for a kind of multilevel territorial planning that is flexible, proactive and in motion
A methodological approach on studying policy-making of autonomous driving in cities
Get PDFplaNext-Next Generation Planning Vol. 9 (2019) Navigating change: Planning for societal and spatial transformations 11-25This commentary proposes a methodological approach about policy analysis on autonomous driving. It focuses on the role of discourse, the multiple actors and technologies involved in the processes of urban policy-making. Autonomous driving is considered a crucial case of policy-making in cities, because of the multitude of established and new actors involved as well as the combination of different digitalisation and automation technologies. Current research outlines the uncertainty planners and policymakers find themselves in regarding how to plan and regulate for autonomous driving, and calls for the need of finding the right forms of governance and policy for the implementation of autonomous driving in urban contexts. Therefore, studying the processes of its policy in the making is vital, as it is these processes that determine if and how any kind of policy will come into place. Subsequently, it is urban policy that will define the ways autonomous driving will be implemented and its implications in cities. Since both socio-political and material factors play a role in policy-making, a suitable methodological approach is needed that can address both. Therefore, this commentary discusses methodological developments drawing inspiration from Argumentative Discourse Analysis (ADA) and combining it with elements from Actor-Network-Theory (ANT). The insights provided by the commentary aim at a more comprehensive and thorough understanding of policy-making processes of autonomous driving and how policy change occurs (or not)
Monitoring and enforcement of short-term rentals rules. Mission impossible?
Get PDFShort-term rental platforms, especially Airbnb, represent a deep change in the housing sector. In Portugal, the first attempts at designing regulatory measures to balance short-term rental are far from achieving high levels of compliance. As in other European cities, the monitoring and enforcement of rules drawn up so far entail difficulties for most of the management entities. This paper aims to discuss the relationship between the type of rules designed for short-term rentals, and the enforcement effort required from public entities. The methodology relies on a brief analysis of the rules implemented in different European cities through available literature, and a detailed assessment on the evolution on the Portuguese case, evaluating the expectations on the level of compliance with short term planning rules. To access enforcement effort, we propose a systematization of the type of rules in place in the main European cities. In countries with traditionally low levels of compliance and reduced enforcement results (such as Portugal), reducing the enforcement effort seems the ‘smart’ thing to do. We conclude that monitoring and enforcement of short-term rental rules is not a ‘mission impossible’ but it is certainly a demanding one.publishedVersio
Sustainable Protection of Chinese Human-Habitat Historical Environment from the Perspective of Transition: Cases Study of Traditional Villages and the Ancient City of Pingyao in Shanxi Province
Get PDFThe title of human-habitat historical environment i s awarded to traditional human settlements under specific economic, political, cultural and technological conditions. Such environment has dual attributes of historical protection and community life, and its sustainable protection has an important impact on urban development and resident life. By analyzing the problems in the protection of Chinese human-habitat historical environment. Issues touch on the neglect of community life in protection action, the ignorance of the big environment background in protection perspective, the lack of regional considerations in development strategies, and the implementation force is dominated by the will of the government, as well as the deficiency of dynamic management mode. Then, through in-depth interpretation of UNESCO's proposals on environmental protection of historic cities, drawing on the experience of historical environmental protection in HUL pilot cities, and based on the concept of sustainable development, this paper puts forward the transformation paths of Chinese human-habitat historical environment. This paper focuses on the discussion of the two settlement types of traditional villages and the Ancient City of Pingyao(ACP) in Shanxi Province. The main paths include: protecting objects from focusing on the heritage protection to considering both heritage protection and community life; protecting perspectives from cultural relics protection to protection of urban environment floor; protecting forces from relying on government to multi-force participation of the whole society; and protecting management from static management system to sustainable dynamic planning management. By protecting, renovating and improving the livability of the human-habitat historical environment, the sustainable development of the urban historical environment is gradually realized. The paper is intended to provide experience for sustainable protection of the human-habitat historical environment in China
Round Table on Low Carbon Infrastructure, AESOP Congress, 10–14 July 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden
No full textTown Planning Review, vol. 90, no. 2The conference report presents the content of a round table on Retrofitting Cities with Low Carbon Public Transport Infrastructure organised at the Association of European Schools of Planning (AESOP) Congress, 10–14 July 2018, at Gothenburg, Sweden. The theme for the annual congress was ‘Making Space for Hope’, which could be interpreted as making spaces that are sustainable, inclusive and just in the long term, in the era of planetary urbanization and growing inequality. The four keynote speakers included Ananya Roy (UCLA, USA); John Law (Open University, UK); Ceyda Sungur (Istanbul University, Turkey) and finally Eyal Weizman (University of London, UK). The conference had a total of sixteen themes or tracks. ‘Mobilities’ and ‘Spatialities’ were two themes amongst those that attracted research on the transport sector and transit-oriented developments.1 The track on Mobilities focused on ‘making space and mobility for hope’.2 The Spatialities track explored how ‘spatial patterns of urban and regional development contribute to the making and unmaking of spaces for hope’.3 There were multiple sessions, including round tables and presentations on mobility and public transport scheduled under these two tracks. The discussions on accessibility, mobility, transit-oriented development, autonomous vehicles and self-driving buses were raised in many presentations, drawing examples from multiple contexts. There were interesting cases from various modes of public transport, including cable cars, in the context of Europe and in Latin America, addressing different socio-economic groups. The conference organisers also offered some mobile workshops, which included a tour of ‘Vastlanken – new infrastructure in perspective’
Planning for transition and the multiple perspectives on democratic legitimacy
Get PDFConnecting transition processes to participation and community planning implies the search for possibilities to reconcile the knowledge driven transition goals with democratic legitimacy. If we understand planning processes as multilateral communication processes we discover multiple interactions of diverse actors, which do not necessarily belong to a definable local community. The actors create a complex network of interdependencies with symmetric and asymmetric power relations. This paper shows in reference to a case study the different approaches and expectations involved actors have towards planning outcomes and decision-making in a planning process. Within complex actors constellations the legitimacy of representing public interest is claimed by various actors in a field of conflict. These claims are related to diverging conceptions of democracy that co-exist in daily political practice. Besides of turning legitimacy into a negotiable aspect the claim on legitimacy interferes also into conflict about the contents of planning. Referring on case study results this paper shows how several actors promote divergent goals claiming to defend public interests and the needed interventions for a future transition. Complexity of transition needs lead to the integration of phases for collective learning and qualification into planning processes in order to facilitate an adequate debate on desired planning outcomes. Nevertheless expert knowledge remains a controversial field when it comes to define the type or place of an intervention. This paper reflects on the role of different actors’ perspectives for rationalizations about planning outcomes within the discourse of transition
Territorial planning and urban transformative capacities. Preliminary reflections on the case of Valencia in Spain
No full textThe role of urban areas for sustainability transitions is crucial. Urban unsustainability problems seem to be persistent and a sense of urgency about how to speed up purposive urban transformation is growing. Accordingly, the research community is paying increasing attention to place-based approaches to identify the essential factors for accelerating urban sustainability transitions. This work-in progress is based on Wolfram’s urban transformative capacity conceptual framework (2016) for the analysis of the transition processes in the particular case of Valencia, Spain. The aim is to apply the framework as an analytical tool and to develop an exploratory assessment based on in-depth stakeholder interviews which identifies strategic implications for policy making and urban planning in order to accelerate transitions. In particular, the role of spatial planning (and planners) at metropolitan level have been examined in relation to its capacity of translating and incorporating innovative practices to accelerate urban sustainability transitions. At this level, implications in terms of rationalities, governance, instruments and techniques are shown in the conclusions. Although the research is circumscribed to the city of Valencia, its implications may be valuable for other contexts to enable comparative research
Neighborhood walks as transport, outdoor recreation and public health
No full textFacilitating walks close to residential areas is an important challenge in sustainable planning. The paper illuminates how efforts to improve conditions for and stimulate neighborhood walks are organized and integrated into Norwegian municipal planning. We mainly build on case studies in 3 municipalities of different sizes. Norwegian Travel Surveys shows that about 20 per cent of all daily trips are done on foot. Nevertheless, walking regarded as either transport, outdoor recreation or public health, have little attention in Norwegian municipal planning and management. Walking as transport is nearly absent. Transport planning is still primarily concerning motorized cars and busses and railroads, and to some extent bicycles. Walking is nearly invisible in the municipalities' organization and crumbles away in the planning system. To strengthen neighborhood walks, public health should be made as an overarching perspective for the interdisciplinary organization for walks. A main network for walking should be established through land-use planning, and substantially more emphasis should be given to achieve coherence between the 'grey' pavements and walking trails in the residential areas and the 'green' trails and roads for walking in the forests outside.The paper is based on the project: “Public health through walks in neighbouring green areas” funded by the Research Council of Norway [grant number 228267] for the period 2013-2017, managed by the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research in cooperation with the Norwegian University of Life Sciences and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.publishedVersio
Research on the Implementation Mechanism of Privately Owned Public Space - Planning Implementation of the Publicly Transferred Land in Fuzhou City 2008-2017
No full textPublic space is the core content of urban planning. Privately Owned Public Space refers to the contractual control of urban planning management through the land development process, by stipulating the land development rights (preconditions) to open the part of the space to the public. Privately owned public space separate the property rights from use rights of the land and provide public space through space sharing, taking the advantage of the cost control by the enterprises and property owners. The provision of the privately owned public space includes incentive zoning and prescriptive regulation. Incentive zoning is a kind of transaction behavior between the public interest represented by the government and private interests represented by private developers. Prescriptive regulation is the establishment of rules and regulations by the land transfer mechanism and property rights system, which is realized through cost transfer and space sharing. The empirical study on the implementation of the public space for private property rights for public land transfer in Fuzhou City shows that through appropriate institutional design, peace and harmony between public and private can be achieved, and the quantity, quality and service effect of public space can be improved. In the transition period of urban development, it provides a new possibility for the construction of public space in other cities.publishedVersio