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Seasonality and out-migration of residents : The case of Bozcaada, Turkey
No full textplaNext-Next Generation Planning Vol. 9 (2019) Navigating change: Planning for societal and spatial transformations 83-96This paper explores the socio-economic and cultural transitions of Bozcaada, a small Turkish island in northern Aegean Sea, with a focus on seasonal changes. The local economy of the island has shifted from small-scale viniculture to domestic tourism over the last three decades. Currently, the local economy became dominated by domestic tourism businesses. Alongside this major change, the socio-cultural structure of the island has started to change with in-migration of middle-class urbanites. Although tourism enabled the local population to remain in the location in the light of the downfall of small-scale agricultural practices, it also brought about an unusual pattern of seasonal migration: temporary out migration of the static residents. Almost three quarter of the registered population on Bozcaada move to city centres in winter which is off-season for the local tourism. This not on only interrupts the socio-economic and socio-cultural life of the island but also put the local services in danger
Application and Verification of Municipal Administrative Areas Spatial Zoning Model in New Town Location Selection
No full textAs one of the three most important location-oriented policies in urban and regional development, the location selection of new towns largely determines the strategy of urban economic development and regional economic development. In the previous study, an objective model of municipal administrative areas spatial zoning model (MAA-SZ model) is constructed based on the theory of spatial equilibrium and mathematical logic deduction, which can provide guidance for the location of new towns. This paper takes a city in the south of Heilongjiang Province as an example to verify the value and superiority of the MAA spatial zoning model in the location selection of new towns. The results show that the consistency Kappa value of the model is 77.2% when the MAA-SZ model is compared with Glaeser-Gottlieb new town location selection model new towns that has been widely used, which verifies the accuracy of the model. In addition, the spatial differentiation and DEA effectiveness of the model are higher than the contrast model. The superiority of the MAASZ model over the contrast model mainly lies in two aspects. Firstly, the MAA-SZ model effectively reduce the influence of some factors that can not be assigned objectively while inheriting the economic relationship among the factors of the contrast model. The MAA-SZ model makes it easier to simulate and operate, and more practical. Secondly, it effectively reduce the contradiction between development, agriculture and ecology, which is often caused by the traditional site selection of new town basing on center-urban gravitation. The MAA-SZ model solve this problem by balancing the relationship among construction, agriculture and ecological land from the macro-perspective of the MAA. Therefore, the MAA-SZ model has the characteristics of high accuracy, high balance, high effective, high spatial differentiation, and high practicality. We believe the MAA-SZ model can also provide a reference for the development of urban system.publishedVersio
Spatial Planning in view of new challenges: Land take and some evidence from Greece
No full textPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2The growing interest in natural resources and ecosystem services has led to increasing attention to land as a natural resource. Land degradation has been included among the key environmental degradation problems all over the planet and land take is a key causal factor. Sustainable land management is required in order that land degradation be controlled. The role of spatial planning in sustainable land management has been accentuated, due to its close relationship with land use change and rapid urbanization. From the viewpoint of sustainable development, a turning point for land gaining significant importance on a global scale has been the Rio+20 Summit, 2012, in which the aim for a “land-degradation neutral world” was expressed, leading to efforts towards the minimization of land degradation. In the context of the EU environmental policy, land take and soil protection have been highlighted from the viewpoint of ecosystem services and the strategies for conservation of biodiversity. The case of Greece is interesting in this regard, since spatial planning is influenced by the EU context while at the same time patterns of territorial organization in the country are characterized by increasing land take. Based on the above, this paper examines the way land take becomes apparent as an environmental concern as well as a spatial planning task. It also focuses on the case of Greece and examines how spatial planning is capable of addressing relevant challenges and utilizing the EU policies' framework. It endeavours to highlight challenges emerging not only to addressing land-related issues but also to transforming the approach of spatial planning towards land resilience.
Keywords land degradation, land take, Greek spatial planning, ecosystem servicespublishedVersio
Institutional patterns for metropolitan governance in LAC countries The differentiated evidence from Bolivia and Brazil
Get PDFWithin the framework of regional urbanization and post-metropolization (Soja, 2011, 2005, 2003) and global cities (Sassen 2016, 2008), Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) metropolitan areas, often grown throughout the aggregation of adjacent municipalities, under the pression of urbanization and urban growth (Balbo, 2014) have not been properly governed (Maricato, 2011). Nevertheless, numerous cases in LAC countries show that horizontal cooperation among municipalities and vertical cooperation among the municipal level and other government levels are essential to promote shared and effective governance and territorial coordination (Souza, 2017). To do so, a multi-scalar approach (Brenner, 2016) in territorial policies should be used, implying simultaneous horizontal and vertical cooperation among government levels and actors, under a supposed direction for development. In this light, the paper discusses empirical pieces of evidence from the observation and analysis of a range the metropolitan configurations, where interinstitutional cooperation has played a key role in setting a metropolitan governance pattern, in improving urban management, especially in basic services. The selected case studies are the inter-federative cooperation in the State of São Paulo (Metropolitan Regions of São Paulo and Baixada Santista), in the State of Minas Gerais (Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte) and some metropolitan experiences in Bolivia (de facto region of La Paz-El Alto, and de facto and de iure region of Cochabamba)
A Study on the Development Trend and Transformation of Shanghai as a Creative City in the 21st Century
Get PDFIn the 21st century, under the wave of globalization, society is entering an economic development model with knowledge and creativity as its capital. Against global convergence, playing local characteristics of the city itself is the key to improving the city's competitiveness. This model of creating a city image with creative economy and stimulating economic development through creative industries has adapted to the requirements of post-industrial society for urban transformation. Therefore, it has been strongly supported and promoted by many governments, and has rapidly swept the world – “creative city” has gradually become a new paradigm for urban development. Based on the data of the Shanghai Statistical Yearbook for the past ten years, this paper visualizes creative investment, creative achievements and creative workers at the creative economy level, and hierarchy structure, proportion and salary at the creative class level, and creative immigrants, homosexual index and creative ideas at the creative city level. Thereby it analyzes the development trend of Shanghai as a creative city at various levels in the past ten years, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of its development. This paper found the advantages are that the national level has a large investment in research and development in Shanghai, a large number of patents granted, a rapid development of creative industries, and a leading index of creativity across the country (except Beijing). The shortcoming is that the number and proportion of the creative class is not big enough. At the same time, Shanghai as an international metropolis, the openness, inclusiveness and diversity of the city are far from enough. In these respects, we analyzes the creative city—Helsinki's successful experience, meant to guide Shanghai's future development strategy and transformation as a creative city.publishedVersio
Sensing the city: climate changes and advanced technologies
Get PDFFor several years ecological and environmental issues have become a priority in all global political agendas. The transformations due to climate change oblige us to rethink our development model, stimulating us to look for new solutions able to decrease its negative effects. In these fields, urban planning plays an important role equipping itself with innovative tools, technologies and methods, which can contribute to increasing its effectiveness. The paper aims to report the studies that the interdisciplinary research group has conducted in this direction, with particular reference to the new technologies applied to mitigate climate change. In the first part of the paper we will outline a picture of the current regulatory framework, focusing on the Italian situation. In the second part, we will describe the methods and tools used today to acquire data, in order to outline a state of the art that highlights their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we will describe the main concept of "Precision Environmental Planning", a methodology borrowed from agricultural sciences to analyse the ecological conditions of small portions of the city.publishedVersio
Lost or found in translation? Translating innovative forms of participation into formal decision making
Get PDFThe theme of this paper is the impact of new and expressive forms of participation on policy decisions. Over the last 5-10 years, we note that some of the new initiatives in planning participation are characterised by the use of expressive and art based forms, like exhibitions, theatre, music, gatherings and various forms of installations. Sometimes these are initiated by the citizens, in order to gain attention to a place or a planning issue. Other times, the local planning authorities orchestrate them, for much the same reasons. Social innovation and urban transformation are often the core motivations behind these, in many cases, rather informal forms of participation. At the same time, the planning system – the legal and procedural arrangements for decision making – remains unchanged, meaning that the input that is gathered from the various arenas needs to be translated into a language that works in the more bureaucratic settings that otherwise characterize the planning process. We have little knowledge of this translation process in terms of what elements that are being channelled into the decision making and what is left out. In this paper, I ask the question of how this process of translation take place
The Spatial Characteristics and Supply of Urban Affordable Housing -- An International Comparative Study
Get PDFIt is an emerging issue for the supply of urban affordable housing that the spatial distribution marginalization and the separation of workplace and residence lead to socio-spatial problems. This study takes an international comparative approach and analysis the different of spatial distribution characteristics in urban area and the formation mechanism of affordable housing, focusing on cities in developed countries, e.g. Amsterdam, London and Singapore, as juxtaposition to Shanghai, China. Before conducting a transnational comparison, this research reveals the socioeconomic characteristics of policy takers under the state context by analyzing the policy objectives of affordable housing in various countries, because of the significant differences in definition of beneficiary and supply mode between countries. Based on that result, this research maps the spatial distribution pattern of affordable housing clusters where the comparable resident groups living at the four case cities, and analysis the socio-economic mechanism behind spatial characteristics. It points out the implicit meanings of affordable housing policy connotation are reflected by urban residents' willingness and proportion to own housing. And, government and market-led intervention also have a profound impact on affordable housing's spatial distribution in the city. Finally, this research argues that the classification standards of the citizen groups are different due to diversity in state institution and cultural context, which further leads to the difference in social justice represented by spatial pattern, comparing these four cities. European cities may be more concerned about the equity of human development opportunities, while cities in East Asia may be more concerned with the equality of household wealth. And these different are presented in terms of spatial features.publishedVersio
Fear and segregation: anxiety beyond the gated communities. The Costa Rican case
Get PDFPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2Fear of crime is a constant concern in Latin America. In Costa Rica, those feeling seems to be changing the urbanisation patterns; giving way to gated communities. However, those developments might be increasing feelings of exclusion and anxiety instead of reducing crime. In the last 25 years, the gated communities have been rising; as a result, the traditional neighbourhoods have to coexist with these new developments. This paper aims to explore the effects of gated communities in the distribution of fear in their peripheries, mainly those regarding tensions between outside – inside. The research is taking place within the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Eight open neighbourhoods were selected, using the poverty indicator basic unfulfilled needs (NBI). In each case was carried out a walking interview with some members of the community; those walks were tracked with a GPS and recorded. Additionally, there were focus groups, observations and interviews. Some preliminary results suggest significant residential segregation between the neighbourhoods and the gated communities. It seems the fortification is more than a physical barrier; there is no room for sharing, which causes misconceptions and fears towards other people.
Keywords: Fear of crime, gated communities, Costa Rica, residential segregation.publishedVersio
Resisting gentrification. Socio-spatial dynamics of three work places in Brussels
Get PDFPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2An association working around the production of a biannual parade. A polyvalent organisation operating at the crossroads of culture and economy. A cooperative for entrepreneurs and precarious workers. The three of them being situated in some of the poorest neighbourhoods of Brussels and implying the renovation of former productive sheds. Their contribution looks crucial to bring back work in the city and in those areas that have been mostly affected by the deindustrialization processes started by the end of the 60s. While in the long term they may engender a gentrification process, the three of them are aware of this risk. Despite not defining themselves as social operators, they nevertheless could allow to resist it, by embedding in the local urban fabric, reshaping and renewing urbanity, although in very different ways and as part of very different strategies, in the case here observed mostly centred on redefining the relationship between work and life. Based on a research-by-design exercise, the paper will explore under which conditions new forms of working, a new approach to productivity and the related spatial dynamics could counterbalance potential gentrifying effects related to the improvement of problematic parts of the city.
Keywords: work-and-life, gentrification, governance, urban ecosystemspublishedVersio