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Urban Renewal Mechanism in Minority Nationality Areas of China in the New Era
Get PDFWith the development of society and economy in China, old cities need to transform to adapt to the modernization so that urban renewal is carried out in many cities. But China has something special that many urban areas are inhabited by minority nationalities. How to define the public interest in the process of urban renewal is complicated, the institutional problems are difficult and general theories and practices of urban renewal cannot be applied in such areas so there are few good practice in China now. A complete mechanism for this is essential. This article studies on renewal mechanism in the aspect of protecting public interests in minority nationalities areas. Firstly, a social research on different interest groups of minority areas in Changji is carried out to figure out what they are concerned about in urban renewal process; then a study on current cases of urban renewal in the existing minority areas is done to probe into the results and problems and combine with some theoretical analysis a complete summary can be made ; finally according to all the results mentioned above specific mechanism , implementation strategies and policies for the urban renewal process in these areas can be summarized
ICD - An Alternative Affordable Housing Initiative
Get PDFAffordable housing is a key issue in major urban centers of New Zealand with homeownership rates declining particularly in Auckland. Lack of tenure options is creating gaps in the housing continuum. This paper discusses a people-centered approach that addresses affordability by placing users at the center of housing decisions. An Intergenerational Community Development model or ICD is a specific term coined in this research that redefines affordability as per buyers’ financial capacity. ICD comprises three essential components. The organizational component of cross-sector collaboration ensures optimum utilization of resources, risk minimization through shared responsibilities and funds through ingenious solutions like cross-subsidization. The financial component offers alternative procurement models (APM) as income-compatible tenures for households. The physical element offers a variety of architecturally-designed multifamily typologies. A multi-case methodology qualitatively examines 16 UK and US ICDs. The findings reveal ICDs can provide effective affordable housing alternatives if well-executed by the consortium. Also, architects effectively contribute through high-quality sustainable design and a tenure-blind strategy to address affordability. In conclusion, a strong collaboration with clear agendas, robust understanding of APMs and early engagement with architects are essential for ICDs’ success. The key, however, lies in user engagement and community consultation during early decision-making processes
Research on Urban Community Micro-regeneration from Perspective of Multi-actor Participation: the Case of Yangpu District in Shanghai
Get PDFIn today’s megacity community, changes of family composition and content of life, as well as the aging of the built environment urgently require urban managers to respond timely. Community micro-regeneration is one of innovative implementation paths to stimulate community vitality through spatial intervention based on multi-actor participation with limited time and resources. Since 2018, Shanghai Yangpu District has hired a ‘community planner’ to provide professional consultation about community micro-regeneration for each grassroots administrative unit. A multi-participated, low-cost and easy-to-promote micro-regeneration model has been explored to find space issues and solve problems. Based on multi-actor theory and collaborative planning theory, this paper discusses the composition of multiple actors and their impact on the planning process and results. Through methods of participatory observation and semi-structured interview, whole process of one pilot project was tracked. The study pointed out that government departments, community planners, community residents, community organizations and professional organizations work together to formulate plans through institutionalized channels, adopting open working methods and continuous interaction should contribute to the participatory, fairness and controllability of community planning. In the process participation awareness and execution capacity of all players need to be improved to avoid increasing negotiation costs and restricting micro-regeneration effect.publishedVersio
Spatial governance and planning systems and the capacity for public control of spatial development: a European typology
Get PDFAlthough the functions of spatial governance and planning systems are generalizable, 30 years of comparative studies, especially in Europe, have shown the heterogeneity characterising these “institutional technologies”. Particularly, they differ in the capacity for public control of spatial development, a crucial aspect for the life of entire cities, regions and countries. The proposed contribution builds on the materials of the recently concluded ESPON COMPASS research project to propose a European typology on this issue. Based on the opinions expressed by respective national experts, the systems of 39 countries (28 EU and 11 non-EU) are compared in relation to the mechanisms to allocate land use and spatial development rights as well as to the prevalence of public vs. private interests in guiding the development decisions. As a result, the European systems are placed on an X-Y diagram, which makes it possible to cluster them in consistent types that raise new comparative observations and general findings. In summary, the capacity for public control of spatial development looks variegated in Europe, and is conditioned by a mixture of factors. In this scenario, the different models adopted for allocating spatial development rights need to be understood in the context of actual state-market relations
From Traditional Neighborhoods to Urban Enclaves: An investigation on the residents’ perceptions of their residential territories
Get PDFThe significance of spatial proximity in terms of social relations and access to resources have diminished in the recent era while near home environments are still vital components of urban space since they form the secondary territories of urban residents after their homes and constitute the majority of the urban built environment. Albeit, existing residential fabric is under the threat of fastpaced transformations while recent developments emerge in the form of insular subdivisions and residential enclaves. In this context, this research aims to examine the residential environments not through the conventional planning techniques but from the ‘insider’s perspective’. Hence, the research investigates how urban residents perceive their residential territories in the recent era within different spatial layouts. The extent and content of perceived territorial unit as residential territory, as well as territorial landmarks and also territorial gaps are examined within the scope of the research. In this regard, a comparative case study is conducted in two districts of Ankara, Turkey namely Kavaklıdere and Çukurambar. The results reveal both the consistencies and idiosyncrasies in residents’ definition of their residential territories and reveal significant insights for the future planning and design of residential environments
Integrated Development Planning - Polish Practice And Didactic Challenges
Get PDFThe analysis aims to present the bases for integrated development planning and its use in the practice of spatial management, paying attention to the challenges related to the higher education in this field. The research procedure is made up of three stages. The first stage involves the synthetic systematization of basic theoretical premises of integrated development planning, taking into account the differences in definitions and suggested approaches in the Polish literature. The second stage presents the selected examples of challenges regarding the operational use of this conception in planning practice in Poland. The third stage shows the project of a unique field of study, Integrated Development Planning, that started in the 2018/2019 academic year in the Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Management of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań under the Knowledge-Education-Development Operational Program’s project entitled Integrated Development Planning – the forge of a new cadre of professionals for the sector creating the development policy
Resilient Planning of Chinese Delta Cities Under Climate Change
Get PDFContemporary cities and territories are facing significant challenges of natural disasters due to climate change impacts. Urbanized deltas represent some of the most vibrant and diverse ecosystems. However, its unique conditions of low altitude, land subsidence, and rapid urbanization make it more vulnerable when being subject to risks such as tide, storm surge, rainstorm, etc. caused by climate change. Firstly, this article reviews recent studies on theories and practice of city and regional resilience, and analyzes the spatial implications of it. Secondly, it analyzes the geographical characteristics, regional urban system, economic and social correlation, multi-scaled life cycle, and so on of China Yangtze River Delta cities. On the basis of this, it puts forward several problems in resilience planning practices faced by the Delta area. Thirdly, it proposes that general resilience development objective of delta cities is to promote their ability to deal with climate change. Some strategies including basic principles and steps of resilience planning such as plurality and diversified infrastructure, redundancy and multi-scaled networking, self-organized and self-renewal region / neighborhood / architecture / landscape layout are put forwarded. Lastly, the key thoughts in the China Yangtze River Delta Cities resilience planning are systematically exploring uncertainties related to future trends and disruptive events, thinking through the impacts of each sector on other sectors and the area as a whole, and making joint visions and identifying strategic projects not only among public actors but also with private and civic actors.publishedVersio
The possibilities and limitations of the state and local authorities’ activities in resisting financialisation of the housing sectors in Central and Eastern European Countries
Get PDFThe liberalisation of the housing sectors in Central and European Countries since the beginning of this century, given the macroeconomic stabilisation of these countries, influenced the development of housing loans as a primary instrument of satisfying housing needs and wants, with large growth dynamics of the household debt. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the possibilities and limitations of the state and local authorities’ activities in providing adequate and affordable housing and resisting financialisation in the years 2000-2018. A growth in financialisation resulted partly from the fact that newly established households preferred in particular the ownership right, especially due to its limited scope in the period of the centrally planned economy. Furthermore, this growth came as a result of the fact that the segment of dwellings for rent – both private and social – did not work well. Significant commodification of dwellings, mass privatisation of the housing stock and the accompanying process of decentralisation in some countries, with a residual character of social housing and marginal private rental, as well as higher social stratification are the features of the contemporary system of provision for housing in CEEC.publishedVersio
Collaborative processes and spatial planning: the national spatial planning policy in Portugal
Get PDFAs Patsy Healey (1997) argues, the growing interest in public participation and the rise in more collaborative governance processes in spatial planning since the 1960s is evidence of the efforts made to overcome the weakness of the representative model, as well as foster communication among multiple stakeholders, so as to respond to the growing expectations and needs of citizens. Faced with less direct intervention in society and the economy by the State, building a more participatory democracy that coexists and enriches representative democracy is crucial. In Portugal, public planning policies are relatively recent. The guidelines and strategic options for territorial development are outlined in the National Programme for Spatial Planning Policies (PNPOT). Recently (2017-2018), the PNPOT was reformulated, with the intention of defining the spatial planning and development strategy and designing the new action programme for Horizon 2030. The proposal was open to a period of public discussion and was then submitted to the Portuguese parliament for possible approval. This study intends to explain the levels of governance and collaboration in the development of this national programme
Soil ecosystem services assessment to support land use planning - applications in Italy and a reflection for the future
Get PDFPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2The ecosystem services assessment (ESA) has an increasing visibility and more recently soil-related ecosystem services are under attention. Loss of agriculture and natural soil due to land consumption is one of the main causes of degradation of soil and loss of ecosystem functions. Decisions upon land use and cover at local scale are the arena to effectively foster soil ecosystem services provision. While there is some coherence in global and national ESA, the experience in land use planning is still fragmented. The discussion moves from the experience of national ESA in Italy, measuring variations in eleven soil-related ecosystem services (carbon storage and sequestration, habitat quality, crop production, timber production, pollination, hydrological cycle regulation, fresh water availability, water purification, erosion protection, microclimate regulation, particulate and ozone removal) related to 2012-2017 land consumption changes. The aim is to highlight the barriers and opportunities for integration in land use planning, and to provide critical suggestions around the potential role of ecosystem service knowledge at different levels. Results point out potentials of the ESA in representation of soil functions, together with methodological and procedural uncertainty that makes ESA potentially prone to improper uses and misleading results, in the absence of a common framework for application.
Keywords: land consumption, soil functions, ecosystem services, land use planningpublishedVersio