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The Energy Justice Tool Suite: an interdisciplinary and comprehensive method for energy transition territorialization
Get PDFPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2Within a French context of Energy Transition, the “Energy Justice Tool Suite” project aims at designing, experimenting and optimizing what we call an interdisciplinary and a comprehensive “tool suite” dedicated to energy justice. At the urban, technical and socio-economic levels, the idea is to design a “tool suite” to characterize, assess, evaluate and co-construct an inclusive energy and socio-territorial justice - with the actors of these territories. This research is based on an interdisciplinary approach, combining engineering sciences with social and spatial sciences, in order to co-construct an inclusive territorialization of energy transition, leading to energy justice. For this purpose, the “Energy Justice Tool Suite” project aims at designing, not buildings archetypes, but multiscale energy complex systems archetypes: physical phenomena to design the energy poverty assessment model at the block scale, and human behaviour, within an empowering perspective, through the animation of learning workshops. This experiment will be conducted on two fields of observation: Grenoble-Alpes Métropole and the region of Compiègne, to establish a transect of energy poverty situations. The “Energy Justice Tool Suite” project also aims at designing, experimenting and optimizing a transversal tool to aid decision making and a tool to aid consultation making for energy and socio-territorial multiscale justice.publishedVersio
Design experimentation in a context of cultural division: the case of Ahmedabad
Get PDFPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2The essay “Design experimentation in a context of cultural division” aims at investigating the context of social segregation visible in the city of Ahmedabad (capital of Gujarat, India), caused by the violent strife between Muslim and Hindu communities culminated in the riots of 2002. Social segregation within a city requires a reflection on possible places where design solutions could help in creating meeting spaces. The article tries to understand the reasons for these social frictions, wondering whether urban space has changed as a result of these tensions by answering the need for privacy of the two communities. After studying three areas in different border conditions between Muslims and Hindus, the study identifies in the ‘disputed areas’ places suitable to investigate social and architectural strategies. The work suggests a strategic solution with the aim to transform the contact points from barriers to spaces of relationship between the two communities. Starting from the fragile relationships and issues in the areas of intervention, this project firstly tries to meet the basic needs of the population with an infrastructural proposal. In a second communitarian layer, it suggests to foster the exchange of craft traditions through the construction of meeting spaces such as workshops and cultural centers.
Keywords: religious conflict, disputed borders, meeting spacespublishedVersio
Naples in transition: A multidimensional decisionmaking process for the Naples port area sustainable development
Get PDFCurrent and increasing transformation makes it more than ever necessary to develop an ability to plan and manage the different changes. Nowadays in order to make cities more resilient, policymakers are required to consider the various challenges that climate change related to urban development can bring under conditions of uncertainty. Within the conceptual framework that defines the design process as a decision-making process (ED 2014/89, Maritime Spatial Planning), climate change focus is changing from a problem-oriented to a decision-oriented approach. Considering the interaction among the cities several dimensions and the multi-level governance, it is possible to understand the complex governance system as urban transition management, in order to evaluate and implement alternatives within uncertain, dynamic and complex socio-ecological systems. The study objective is to experiment a transition model, taking into account adaptation and mitigation to climate change of the whole city, addressing the commercial port of the city of Naples (Italy) with its potential sustainable development.publishedVersio
Evaluation of the Land Value Capture (LVC) experience in the City of São Paulo, Brazil
Get PDFPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2The use of Land Value Capture (LVC) tools has been advocated by many authors as way of financing public investment and projects. The rationale behind these tools is to capture part of capital gains on land derived from public sector interventions on urban development, such as infrastructure implementation or land use regulation change. They can be of great importance in very limited budget environments such as rapid urbanising countries that need to provide a great amount of infrastructure and urban services to accommodate urban growth. The City of São Paulo, Brazil, has implemented LVC since the 1980s through a wide range of different tools. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of two of these tools, Additional Building Rights Certificate (CEPAC – Certificado de Potencial Adicional Construtivo) and Additional Building Rights Levy (OODC – Outorga Onerosa do Direito de Construir), from 2002 until 2014. Rather than evaluating these instruments just from a revenue point of view, the work intends to analyse also how effective they are in reducing social disparities, considering the location and kind of investments done.Published versio
Urban-legal Paradigms Supporting Post-Millennium Evictions: the Role of the Courts in Displacement Practices
No full textWhy is Brazil, a country with one of the most progressive and inclusive land legislations in the world, being accused of violating its citizens' constitutional right to housing? Why is the Brazilian Judiciary, despite all the legal mechanisms created by recent laws to reverse exclusionary patterns of land use, executing forced evictions of thousands of marginalized families? I argue that these violations and removals must be understood as legalized displacement. Namely, land dispossession practices are not only a direct result of the commodification of housing, but of a much broader discrimination process, in which the courts are playing a major role. Judicial dispossession can be read as a direct outcome of eviction mandates ordered by the courts. However, what makes it legitimate is not only the fact that it is ruled by judges, but that these practices are embedded within governmental, legal, and policy apparatuses. Drawing from Porto Alegre, a city with a tradition of participatory planning programs, this article will analyze how urban-legal paradigms support post-millennium evictions in Brazil by addressing how legal frameworks on land use and property rights are used to justify displacement. By employing archival research and discourse analysis, I show that courts are ignoring recent legal mechanisms created to ensure the constitutional right to housing in the country. I find that judges are mobilizing discourses that idealize private property regimes at the expense of alternative forms of tenure already established by paradigmatic land legislation. At stake here is the fact that these removals are expelling the vulnerable populations from the city. Lastly, I am calling into question the false distinction frequently made between evictions in the context of the Global South - perceived as violent conflicts involving mostly informal tenants - and similar processes in the Global North, often understood as part of more "legalistic" processes.publishedVersio
Local manufacturing systems in the piedmont area. New scenarios for an inland metabolism
No full textThe Italian alpine foothills territory (IAFT) has gone through various "seasons of manufacturing" that determined different representations of it. Today, in the context of an exceptional transition phase, foothills local manufacturing systems (FLMS) need an overall reinterpretation. Even if we can still recognize the IAFT as one of the most economically relevant areas of Italy, we are unable to understand its complex transformation, due to the large amount of investments, their transience, and their multifaceted implications on the territory as well as on the environment as a whole. After the economic crisis of 2008, interesting possibilities for coexistence and collaboration were vexed by a set of important and hardly controllable forces, mostly due to the imposed combination of divergent local clusters’ FLMS evolving levels and their relation to different types of economies. Apart from the traditional type of FLMS, some types are constantly growing, taking in consideration the proximity between diversified and specific industrial basis that allows for new complex products to be invented and for the economy to grow in the long run. Conversely, other FLMS have suffered a setback, which is related, firstly, to the exhaustion of resources that drew on the adjacent mountain environment, and, secondly, to the lack of local adequate competences and skills. Finally, a third type of FLMS follows a “third road”, based on an innovative approach to handicraft and to the cultural industry, which favors new forms of experiential tourism. My research aims to elaborate on a set of efficient modalities, combining the existing knowledge of the biophysical flows together with an informed insight into the socio-economic transitions of the different FLMS, which are understood as part of an unique system, oriented towards a circular metabolic perspective.publishedVersio
The Study on Spatial Interventions for Aging Communities in Tourism-oriented Historic Districts from the Perspective of Spatial Territoriality
No full textAging-in Place represents the primary model of elderly housing in China. The current rapid urbanization has impacted the center city of Suzhou, one of China ’ s most important historic towns, and its elderly communities. The populations have changed under this circumstance. The city has witnessed the influx of new migrants from other cities and provinces for economic opportunities and tourists from all over the country for its historic legacies on the one hand, and the outflow of young adults to the new districts and other cities surrounding Suzhou on the other. As a result, the elderly residents have accounted for nearly 45 percent of the total population in the Old City. This paper examines the issue of spatiality for aging population using both qualitative as well as quantitative methods, and focus on Suzhou’s historic district of Pingjiang. It reveals that the rapid commercialization and the increase of the tourist has squeezed the urban and community spaces of elderly populations, and the spatial ambiguity and disorder have created further conflicts between different demographic groups. All these are challenging the original Aging-in Place model. The paper analyzes the behavior logics behind these phenomena, and proposes several urban design strategies at the micro-scales related to different aspects of the current situation including place identity, territorial division, and symbiosis of population that are intended address, which hopefully could restore the environment for Aging-in Place.publishedVersio
How power relationships are involved in research methods
No full textplaNext-Next Generation Planning Vol. 8 (2019) : Making space for hope 21-31With the rise of activism and activist research, this paper explores how power relationships are involved in traditional and emerging methods used in research on activism. This question matters as research methods have the potential to both improve the capacities of activist groups and enhance knowledge of agents involved: researcher and activist. The added value of the paper is that it presents a range of methods used in research on activism, including new methods that are relatively uncommon in planning research. The second contribution of this paper is that it is based on a power framework by Forester; it analyses how power is embedded in the use of a particular research method. The authors find extant differences between the methodologies when analyzed through this framework, especially in their potential to involve with activist communities. The authors encourage researchers to be braver in using activist research methods and to be aware of the underlying power discourses in their choices
Exploring IBA Basel – Assessing the impact of trinational cooperation and the resulting perspectives for the post IBA period
No full textThe International Building Exhibition IBA Basel is a non-formal planning instrument to improve cross-border cooperation and planning processes between Switzerland, France and Germany. The aim of IBA is to overcome territorial barriers of trinational coexistence to enhance the quality of life in the region. As a catalyst of regional development, on-ground IBA projects seek to revitalize the spatial quality and improve the adoption by its users. Institutions, planers and civil society actors collaborate in the cross-border development and implementation over a period of 10 years. The outcome of the IBA process will be presented in an exhibition venue. Thus, scientific foundation, provided by an assessment that is based on a survey among involved actors, will substantiate the impact of initiated processes. The evaluation is supported by interviews and focus-groups that foster awareness for future challenges in the post IBA period. IBA may generate a remarkable leverage effect to regional development within the agglomeration, which is measurable on three interdependent levels of processes: activation and networking of actors, planning activities and projects and trinational quality of space and life. A scenario for comprehensive development beyond the year 2020, would be an ongoing process of intensified exchange and cooperation across the region
Common value: Transferring development rights in the face of climate change challenges
Get PDFFlooding accounted for more than 37% of natural disasters in 2017, affecting 55 million people and amounting to 20.3 billion $ of economic losses worldwide. These figures are the highest in the last decade and with higher urbanization rates, the number of people living in precarious and flooding prone areas is increasing. Under the light of these challenges, Flood Risk Management narrative is evolving towards integration of nature-based solutions and Green Infrastructure. This paper investigates the role of Land Value Capture instruments in financing Green Infrastructure. More specifically, this research focuses on the Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) instrument, which has enabled some planning authorities in the global north and south to successfully adopt preventive measures in flooding prone areas. Through TDR, property devaluation in flood prone areas or areas where Green Infrastructure is to be implemented is cross-subsidized through capturing part of the “windfalls” in properties benefiting from GI, by transferring development rights from the former to the latter.publishedVersio