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Grand Paris or Île-de-France? Comparing two institutional models for transitioning to sustainable transport in the Île-de-France region
Get PDFSince 2000, the Paris region has seen a substantial transition in transport governance, as the regional transport authority shifted from the control of the state to the region. Additionally, the state created a new entity, the Société du Grand Paris (SGP), to develop a rail network, the Grand Paris Express. This research explores these institutional changes, seeking to understand both how the new institutional forms came about and what these new forms enable and constrain, particularly with respect to creating a more just and sustainable city. This research is a comparative historical case study from the 1990s to the present, looking at two processes of institutional change occurring at different scales within the same place. It uses Kingdon’s three-streams model to assess the opportunities and moments for institutional change. The two processes reveal many of the tensions in governance debates, with the more formal regional authority having greater democratic accountability than SGP. Additionally, as SGP began shifting to the construction phase, its public engagement came to resemble that of a more formal and accountable transport provider, as the agency encountered communities that would feel real material changes from its projects
Suburbs and Subsidized Housing in the United States: What Makes Some Suburbs More Receptive to Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Housing Than Others?
Get PDFThe Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) is the largest affordable housing production program in the United States. The program has been the subject of some criticism because it has done an unimpressive job of placing low-income renter households in high-opportunity neighborhoods, especially in suburban jurisdictions. This research will examine, at the municipal level, what kinds of communities tend to include LIHTC properties and which do not. The receptive communities will be compared to the exclusionary communities in terms of many measures of opportunity offered including school quality, access to gainful employment, and access to transportation. The analysis will also examine the effect of population size, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, housing stock characteristics, and willingness to accept multi-family development. The contribution of this research will be that it will be among few efforts to analyze the LIHTC at the municipal level, adding to the knowledge needed to guide the LIHTC toward better placement of housing in the future.publishedVersio
Urban inclusion of refugees and vulnerable migrants in Portugal
Get PDFPlanning for Transition – book of proceedings 31; 2I will focus on my on-going post-doctoral research INSEhRE 21. Socio-spatial and housing inclusion of refugees in contemporary Europe: Lessons from the African diaspora in Portugal (2017-2023). The purpose is to situate the investigation and to discuss its further developments and alignments from a critical and operational standpoint. I will present my theoretical approach based on the key-concepts of ‘the production of space’ and ‘the right to the city’, ‘governmentality’ and ‘multicultural tolerance’. Also, I will refer to the main policies, practices and paradoxes of today’s Portuguese context concerning urban inclusion and cultural inheritances in general and, in particular, for refugees and/or vulnerable migrants moving to the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. Moreover, I will mention the government’s trend of sending these refugees to rural areas and small/medium-size cities, whilst pointing out the crucial role of digital networks in preserving social bonds and building citizenship. As for grass-roots initiatives, I will present the project Refugi.Arte em Marvila, boosted by the architectural Cooperative Working with the 99%, and the projects Orquídea Silvestre and Tayybeh, both spearheaded by the Association Family of Refugees, with different levels of action and effects. I will conclude with a short crosschecked theoretical-empirical analysis.
Keywords: INSEhRE 21; Refugi.Arte em Marvila; Orquídea Silvestre; TayybehpublishedVersio
Practical plans: Refugees, spatial design, and a workshop of planning
No full textTransactions of the Association of European Schools of Planning; Volume 3 / Issue 1 / June 2019; page 55-71Migration generates both challenges and opportunities. The magnitude of flows and effects on local resources are rarely equally distributed, indeed, the demographic size and economic strength of arrival cities or regions consistently affect outcomes. The nature of these challenges and opportunities is, therefore, extremely varied. These elements have already structured a network of places, refugee-cities, integration hubs, and transit points that play different roles in the increasing process of human mobility. The paper discusses the role of planners in dealing with refugee crises starting from the experience of a university workshop. This allows for a plea in favour of a different approach to planning, one that insists on practice, spatial strategies, and implementation. The paper also illustrates a different teaching approach that takes into account the need to integrate different forms of knowledge and disciplinary perspectives
Research on the improvement of urban public space vitality based on the concept of social resource sharing—taking Tianlin community in shanghai as an example
No full textBased on the concept of social resource sharing, this paper takes Shanghai Tianlin community as an example and proposes feasible suggestions on how to improve the vitality of public space in the stage of urban accumulation and development. The Tianlin Community is located in the east of Xuhui Innovation Industry Park which brings a rich cultural and scientific resources together in the downtown of Shanghai. With the increase of land prices, the widening gap between the rich and the poor is obvious and the serious closed community phenomenon have led to the problems of weak public continuity and low vitality of the public space. The author selected 20 different public spaces in this area and evaluated them with five criterion: surface, identity, commerce, leisure and accessibility. By the usage of Grasshopper, a five-minute network of local connections with different degree was finally formed and found: (1) The area is not accessible everywhere and fragmented in different parts; (2) The area has some spaces in need for certain qualities while there are other spaces around have corresponding quality which can help to balance. In order to improve the accessibility of these 20 points of interest and sharing the public resources, the author tried to propose strategies of connection and balance to enhance the vitality of the public space in the Tianlin community: (1)Based on the current situation, increase the public access and visual corridors between the semi-closed community and the closed community; (2) According to the evaluation of surface, commerce, leisure and identity, provide various equipments in four categories to improve the wickest points. Through such strategies, it is possible to achieve a fair social resource sharing of the public space to the greatest extent, while at the same time solving the unbalanced development of different regions.publishedVersio
Study of the Interrelationship between Urban Micro Public Space Morphology and Microclimate
No full textIn high-density cities, large scale public spaces are becoming more and more precious and scarce. As a complement, micro-public space is an important indicator to measure the quality of urban lives because of its flexible location and convenient accessibility. The geometry prototype enclosed by architectural groups and texture elements as important urban morphology factors are extracted and simplified in this paper to analyze the interrelationship between micro public space morphology and the microclimate. Through the simulation of actual research projects in Shanghai, the accuracy of the simplified model is verified. The spatial and temporal distribution of microclimate is directly related to outdoor thermal comfort. It means that the correlation analysis can not only achieve multi-objective optimization to reduce urban design uncertainty, but also can provide design strategies for healthy urban environment.The authors acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.51778424publishedVersio
Housing policies beyond numbers: a comparative study in Portugal and Italy
No full textThe paper analyses how housing is structured in Portugal and Italy, focusing in particular on the recent housing policies. The objectives are: a) discuss the legislative solutions adopted in the last years to solve the housing needs; b) show the epistemological difference for the concept of social housing; c) compare the institutional variations, namely, the relevance of the local, regional and central levels. Despite Portugal and Italy having the same percentage of social housing and common characteristics of Southern Europe countries, we find differences comparing housing policies and how the countries deal with social housing. The methodology is organized into: i) bibliographic review; ii) analysis of the principal statistic data; iii) analysis of the legislation; iv) interviews with public decision-makers. Notwithstanding a wide literature about housing studies in Northern countries and comparing North and South housing policies approaches, few studies focus on the comparison between Southern European countries. For this reason, the research seeks to increase the knowledge about the singularities of the South and thus contributing to the construction of a theoretical approach South-inspired.publishedVersio
Research on renewal of leftover spaces based on multi-actor planning
No full textLeftover spaces in cities are becoming a global issue. Having undergone significant changes in historical, spatial, political and socio-economical aspects, the number of leftover spaces has been increasing year by year. Now cities are facing the challenge of integrating them into their urban fabric. This research first focuses on worldwide cases that show the current approaches to reuse these leftover spaces, and then systematically classifies them according to their multi-actor planning strategies. The classification includes: diverse models (top-down, bottom-up, public-private partnership) by engaging with different actors at various levels of participation. China has its own urban renewal rules and policy system. Influenced by factors such as its state structure and economic system, China and the West have many differences. Based on the case classification that provide a worldwide overview and the real condition in China together with its existing needs, this study develops “City 360” platform as a democratic, multi-level planning tool and an innovative method to tackle the following problems in leftover space renewal process: simplification resulting in social inequality, information imbalance, resources/funds shortage and diversification encouraging urban complexity, inclusive planning. “City 360” turns the process of leftover space renewal from an urban simplification into an urban diversification, and responds to high-level challenges. Having integrated multiple actors into a participative process creates collaborative urban governance, which can balance the power among state, society and market, and maximize the cooperation in between government, private sector, community self-governing organizations, volunteer organizations and residents. This innovative, inclusive multi-level planning tool helps integrating development resources, promotes the vitality in developing urban communities. It aims creating a new level in Chinese urbanization, which has started with “traditional governance” and transformed into “multilevel governance”. The goal is now “traditional governance” to “governance” to “good governance”
Recording, evaluating and management of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, through a decisionmaking multi-criteria analysis
Get PDFNowadays, we live and act in cities fulfilled with urban spaces, architecture and of course heritage culture, expressed by tangible and intangible assets. The last decade, the economic crisis, shows that cities and global heritage is demolished, damaged or in danger. This paper tries to identify culture in multilevel way, through space to global. As tourism is concerned with cultural (culture routes, touristic heritage attractions cities), this project aims to record culture from object to plan, including tangible and intangible assets. The paper, proposes a table, separated in tangible and intangible categories such as buildings, oral traditions, biodiversity etc. That’s a first step of a fully record of the heritage of a city. In a step below, criteria indicators are placed in each category, concerning to a decision-making analysis called MAUT. With this system each city can have a record, evaluation and knows which culture assets must save, manage, promote or protect first. The mainly idea of this project is to propose a new innovated system about urban culture, including multilevel heritage analysis and a new management system, which can be used for tourism, urban actions etc.publishedVersio
The new dynamics between regional and urban governance: rural areas as connection element
Get PDFThe dynamics of the expansion of the territory make us think about the fact that territorial development does not exclusively concern urban transformations but also synergistically involves rural areas. As part of the ongoing PhD thesis (tutor Prof. Maurizio Carta) we analyse the richness of the relationship between urban and rural and the vision of a landscape that is not only made of intensive production. The involvement of themes that can interact with each other makes it possible to strengthen the quality of production and its physical extension. This contribution considers the presence of networks among the agricultural entrepreneurs and it discusses the territorial context and the local communities. The synergies between users and rurality, not only intended as agricultural production, lead to a new competitiveness in this field. The increase in productivity is promoted through innovative processes that use new technologies and the social involvement connected to the quality of agriculture. The case of the Inner Area of Madonie is an example: a territory that has led to think of innovative strategies spread throughout the territory and not aimed to a single Municipality, to cope with the development difficulties connected also to the morphology of the site