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Effect of urea and squaramide IMPDH inhibitors on C. parvum: in vitro trial design impacts the assessment of drug efficacy
No full textInternational audienceThe protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium is the etiological agent of cryptosporidiosis, a ubiquitous diarrheic disease affecting humans and animals. Treatment options are limited, highlighting an urgent need for novel therapeutics. Despite decades of research and a wide diversity of strategies to tackle parasite metabolic pathways, no completely effective drug has been identified to date. Within targeted parasite enzymatic and metabolic pathways, the synthesis of nucleotide mediated by the inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) enzyme is the focus of significant research efforts. Based on our prior studies of bacterial IMPDH inhibitors, we report herein the development and characterisation of novel inhibitors targeting Cryptosporidium parvum IMPDH (CpIMPDH). Specifically, we synthesised heteroaryl-containing urea and squaramide analogues to evaluate their potential in vitro anti-Cryptosporidium activity. Initial screening identified nine active compounds with the most potent candidates achieving IC 50 values as low as 2.2 μM. Subsequent time-course experiments revealed that the molecules effectively inhibit parasite invasion and early intracellular development but failed to tackle C. parvum growth when introduced at 30 h post infection. The present work introduces a new family of squaramide-derived IMPDH inhibitors and also interrogates the need to standardise commonly accepted protocols used for assessing anti-cryptosporidial drug activity.</div
Dialogue interdisciplinaire à propos du deuil au sein de la famille. Regards croisés entre une philosophe et une psychologue autour de l’accompagnement des familles endeuillées
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Predicting viscoelastic behavior and crack propagation in EPDM rubber under long-term thermal aging
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Parametric enviro-economic analysis of cooling photovoltaic panels with phase change materials
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Application of Ventilated Solar Façades to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings: A comprehensive review
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Comparative use of different AI methods for the prediction of concrete compressive strength
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Advance care planning procedure in older patients at a high risk of death after discharge from the acute geriatric unit: A study protocol.
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Two Types of Bound States in the Continuum in Photonic Comb Structure
No full textInternational audienceWe propose the design of a comb-shaped cavity that can support several BICs when attached to a waveguide. The cavity consists of a finite comb made of one stub of length placed between two stubs of length via two guides of length and the whole comb is attached vertically along a waveguide. In order to classify these BICs, we compare their frequencies with those of an infinite periodic comb in the presence of a stub defect of length . Therefore, we show that beyond the resonances associated with the defect stub in the gaps, there exist two types of BICs: (i) BICs induced by the upper guides of the finite system, which fall in the wide passband of the infinite system and (ii) BICs induced by the whole finite comb which coincide with the flat band domain. These latter BICs appear as anti-symmetric and symmetric modes, giving rise to a doubly-degenerate BIC (D-BIC) when they fall at the same frequency. By deviating from the BIC condition, we show that these two types of BICs transform into quasi-BICs in the shape of electromagnetically induced reflection (EIR) or electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) resonances. The analytical results obtained by the Green’s function method are confirmed by experiments using coaxial cables operating in the radio-frequency regime. This investigation contributes to an enhanced theoretical and experimental comprehension of BICs in stubbed structures, offering valuable insights for prospective applications
Topological Interface States in a One-Dimensional Mesoscopic Crystal Using Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Model
No full textInternational audienceWe investigate the existence of topological interface states between two periodic comb-like mesoscopic crystals with different topological properties based on the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. This model enables us to predict the existence of topological interface states between two connected mesoscopic crystals based on Dirac point (closing and reopening of the gaps). These states are characterized by their robustness to any external perturbations or a disorder in the system. First, we discuss the existence of topological interface states based on the analyses of the symmetry of the band-edge states and the Zak phase of each band in the infinite mesoscopic crystal. This approach is equivalent to an analysis of the sign of the reflection phase in two gaps surrounding a bulk band. Multiple topological states are successfully realized at the interface when two conditions are satisfied, namely: (i) the two systems share common gaps; (ii) the symmetry of the band-edge states are opposite. The interface states can be obtained as peaks in the local density of states (LDOS) as well as in the transmission spectra of two connected mesoscopic crystals. The proposed MC may have several applications in scientific fields ranging from quantum information science and filters
The discovery of pozzolanic properties of calcined clays in the late 1700s in France and the technologies associated with its activation
No full textInternational audienceThe current trend towards the use of calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials might lead to the feeling that this technology is a recent development. However, the description of their pozzolanic properties, along with the ways to burn them correctly, dates back from the first half of the nineteenth century, within the industrial revolution-the preliminary idea was even published in 1787. In France, the famous chemist Louis Vicat made seminal descriptions of the type of clays involved and understood the chemistry behind the phenomenon. It gave rise to the use of the term "artificial pozzolan