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Le rôle des parents dans l’effectivité du droit à l’instruction de leur enfant
No full textInternational audienceCette communication orale tend à mettre en exergue le rôle de chacun des parents dans l'éducation de l'enfant mineur. Ce dernier est en droit de disposer d'une instruction et, pour ce faire, les parents ont une responsabilité en la matière
Welfare and Social network of two “resident cats” in a nursing home: impact of admission of a new resident to a disability unit.
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Although cats (Felis catus) are the most common pets in French nursing homes, no scientific literature has investigated the impact of this particular environment on their welfare and social interactions. Our aim was to assess how the arrival of a new human resident affected the welfare and social network of two cats in a nursing home unit.Methodology: Twelve residents (mean age = 67.3±5.2 years including the new resident), nine caregivers and two European cats (Gizmo and Felix) were observed with ethological methods for 45 hours. Three periods were established: T-11 days (11 days before the new resident’s arrival), T+10 days (first 10 days after) and T>10 days (9 days following). General behaviors and areas frequented by each cat were continuously recorded during these periods (focal sampling). Social physical contact between residents, caregivers and cats was recorded every 10 minutes (scan sampling) to create social networks (i.e. the number of social interactions per individual) at T-11, T+10 and T>10 days (110, 100 and 90 records/individual, respectively). Results: At T+10 days, Gizmo’s avoidance time increased 2.8 times compared to T-11, though not significantly (GLM: p>.05), with a significant decrease between T+10 and T>10 (Tukey: p<.001), probably related to more time spent in the residents' bedrooms at T+10 and T>10 days (GLM: p<.001). For Félix, a significant decrease of play time was observed at T+10 days compared to T-11 (Tukey: p<.001). Social network analysis showed a decrease of contact interactions for both cats at T+10 days. However, on the global network, the total number of social interactions per individual remained stable (Dietz R-test: p<.001, r=.472), but with a reorganization within the network (Spearman correlation: ρ= .253, p= .296; R²=.13).Principal Conclusions and Implications for Field: The new resident’s arrival impacted behaviors and areas frequented, with adaptation differences between the two cats, highlighting the importance of inter-individual differences. This study offers insights into assessing feline welfare using quantitative methods based on their individual behaviors
Early bacterial co-infections and ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections among intubated patients during the first and second COVID-19 waves: a European comparative cohort study
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The management of severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, alongside logistical constraints, evolved between the first and subsequent COVID-19 waves. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of early bacterial pulmonary co-infections and the incidence of ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) across the first and second waves of the pandemic, and to characterize their microbiology.Methods: Latter part of a multicenter retrospective European cohort analysis conducted in 35 ICUs. Adult patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and requiring invasive mechanical ventilation ≥ 48 h were consecutively included from both waves (February-May 2020 for period 1, October 2020-April 2021 for period 2). Co-infections were defined by bacterial isolation in respiratory secretions or blood cultures, or a positive pneumococcal urinary antigen test, within 48 h after intubation. VA-LRTI, including ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), were diagnosed using clinical, radiological and quantitative microbiological criteria. The 28-day cumulative incidence of first VA-LRTI episodes was estimated using the Kalbfleisch and Prentice method, with co-infection prevalence and VA-LRTI incidence compared using multivariable logistic regression and Fine-and-Gray models, respectively.Results: The study included 1,154 patients (558 in period 1 and 596 in period 2). Co-infection prevalence significantly rose from 9.7% in period 1 to 14.9% in period 2 (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.52 (1.04-2.22), p = 0.03). Gram-positive cocci dropped from 59 to 48% of co-infections between periods 1 and 2. The overall incidence of VA-LRTI was similar across periods (50.4% and 53.9%, adjusted sub distribution hazard ratio (sHR) 1.14 (0.96-1.35), p = 0.11), with a significant increase in VAP incidence in period 2 (36% to 44.8%, adjusted sHR 1.37 (1.12-1.66), p = 0.001), predominantly occurring within the initial 14 days after intubation, and a concurrent significant decrease in VAT incidence (14.3% to 9.1%, adjusted sHR 0.61 (0.42-0.88), p = 0.007). Gram-negative bacilli, led by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and Klebsiella spp., were responsible for 89% and 84% of VA-LRTI in periods 1 and 2, respectively.Conclusions: Between the first and second COVID-19 waves, the prevalence of early bacterial pulmonary co-infections significantly increased among intubated patients. Although the overall incidence of VA-LRTI remained stable, there was a significant shift from VAT to VAP episodes
Making field effect transistor measurements accessible to electrochemists and biologists
No full textInternational audienceField effect transistors (FETs), originally developed in the field of electronic engineering, have gained increasing prominence in biosensing due to their versatile operation characteristics, ranging from recording simple electrical transfer curves to performing chronoamperometric measurements. Commonly known as bioFETs, these devices typically feature low gate voltage operation characteristics, can be made highly selective/sensitive through bioreceptor integration, label-free and do not rely on redox mediators or enzymatic product detection, and are easy to interface with microfluidic or flow cell devices. Despite their advantages, electrochemists and biologists remain still hesitant to explore the possibilities of bioFETs, owing to concerns about investment costs and the complexity of the read-out tools. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a simple, cost-effective bipotentiostat platform, providing an accessible solution for those interested in electronic biosensing without the need to delve into complex electronics. As a proof-of-concept, we showcase the working principle of a graphene-based bioFET for sensing a cardiac biomarker using a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-aptamer-modified gFET platform. This article focuses on how to easily develop/operate FETs for biosensing measurements using the bipotentiostat-setup and discloses its simplicity over the conventional approaches
Electrocatalytic upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate to formic acid and hydrogen fuels using CoCuO /MXene catalyst
No full textInternational audienceA promising way to address environmental problems caused by plastic waste is through its upcycling into renewable energy and resources. With annual production reaching millions of tons, one of the most widely single-use daily plastics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), has recently been investigated in terms of chemical recycling to reduce its environmental impact and generate renewable fuels. This study introduces an innovative electrochemical method for the specific conversion of PET hydrolysate into high-value compounds utilizing CoCuOx@MXene/NF catalyst. Our findings revealed that the electrocatalyst was capable of facilitating the conversion of water into hydrogen (H2), while simultaneously oxidizing ethylene glycol (EG), obtained from PET plastic waste hydrolysis, into formate with a high selectivity and lower initial potential compared to water oxidation. Notably, the exceptional performance was attributed to the synergistic interfacial electronic coupling effect between CoCuOx and MXene, which results in a low overpotential (1.24 V@10 mA cm−2) and a high yield of formate product (87.6%). In addition, the electrolyzer could be operated using solar energy panel for upcycling of PET to formic acid and hydrogen fuels by using CoCuOx@MXene catalyst
CREATION D’UNE FERME URBAINE SUR UNE FRICHE INDUSTRIELLE: Apport de différents composts sur les fonctionnalités du sol et le devenir des polluants
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Applications of rhamnolipid surfactants in agriculture
No full textInternational audienceRhamnolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants naturally produced by Pseudomonas and Burkholderia bacteria, wellknown for their surface-active properties and eco-friendly advantages. Indeed, these compounds efficiently reduce the surface and interface tensions, possess potent biological activities against pathogens, and display low toxicity. Rhamnolipids thus hold significant promise for various industrial applications, including agriculture, which is in need of a transition to greener and more sustainable practices by reducing synthetic inputs. This review describes the knowledge about the antimicrobial properties of rhamnolipids against different phytopathogens, mainly fungal species, as well as their ability to trigger plant defense mechanisms and phytoprotection efficacy in different species. The recent literature investigating rhamnolipids as potential plant biostimulation agents, thanks to their abilities to improve soil health and plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, is also addressed. Finally, the prospect of rhamnolipids as a biopesticide and their overall contribution to sustainable agricultural practices is discussed
L'élection du pape 1903-2013
No full textInternational audienceCe livre se propose d'analyser l'ensemble des conclaves qui se sont déroulés au Vatican de 1903 à 2013 en mettant en lumière, les participants, les forces en présence et le résultat de chacun des différents tours de scrutins jusqu'à l'élection finale. Cette approche est à la fois historique et politiqu