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Optimization of CRC-Based Single-Bit Error Correction Using a Perfect Hash Table Structure
No full textInternational audienceThis work introduces a novel approach for correcting a single-bit error in a CRC-protected message, which is based on a perfect hash table that can be queried by a non-zero CRC syndrome. The paper primarily focuses on presenting the new table structure and includes a comparative analysis of various CRC-based error correction methods, demonstrating that ours strikes an excellent balance between correction complexity and memory requirements. Complexity evaluation is performed in terms of the number of 2-input gate operations
2025 photonics for agrifood roadmap: towards a sustainable and healthier planet
No full textInternational audiencePhotonics technologies play a crucial role in driving technological advancements within the agrifood industry, aiming to deliver a sustainable food and agriculture, and offering healthy, nutritious and safe food for all of us. Particularly, optical sensors and imaging systems, together with machine-learning processing and advanced lighting, play a pivotal role in monitoring crop and soil health with unprecedented precision, while safeguarding the food supply chain. This roadmap aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art photonics technologies benefitting agrifood applications, including a view on their current limitations, challenges and future potential, while addressing practical case studies. Future trends towards multimodal sensors and sensor fusion, artificial intelligence and digital twins, miniaturization and controlled farming are highlighted. The revolutionizing capabilities of the photonics technologies are indicated, inspiring future applications and developments, and paving the way towards optimized resource utilization, increased crop yields, stopping land degradation and reduction of food waste
Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia
No full textInternational audienceEritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia are situated in a region where the risk of conventional war is omnipresent. They possess armed forces that reflect both the regional context and their countries’ historical trajectories. They have limited operational capabilities and serve three non-democratic regimes. This chapter comparatively looks at the historical dynamics of the Eritrean, Djibouti, and Somalian armed forces from their formation to the present day. In so doing, it also examines the link between state-building and sovereignty. Each state has been challenged by internal and external constraints which are reflected in the evolution of the missions of these armies: from maintaining law and order to protecting territory, counterinsurgency, peacekeeping, and counterterrorism. The determinants of the transformation of their armed forces are endogenous and rooted in national trajectories, but they are also external and linked to outside influences and the international context
Euclid: Searches for strong gravitational lenses using convolutional neural nets in Early Release Observations of the Perseus field
No full textInternational audienceThe Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) is predicted to find approximately 170 000 galaxy-galaxy strong lenses from its lifetime observation of 14 000 deg^2 of the sky. Detecting this many lenses by visual inspection with professional astronomers and citizen scientists alone is infeasible. Machine learning algorithms, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been used as an automated method of detecting strong lenses, and have proven fruitful in finding galaxy-galaxy strong lens candidates. We identify the major challenge to be the automatic detection of galaxy-galaxy strong lenses while simultaneously maintaining a low false positive rate. One aim of this research is to have a quantified starting point on the achieved purity and completeness with our current version of CNN-based detection pipelines for the VIS images of EWS. We select all sources with VIS IE < 23 mag from the Euclid Early Release Observation imaging of the Perseus field. We apply a range of CNN architectures to detect strong lenses in these cutouts. All our networks perform extremely well on simulated data sets and their respective validation sets. However, when applied to real Euclid imaging, the highest lens purity is just 11%. Among all our networks, the false positives are typically identifiable by human volunteers as, for example, spiral galaxies, multiple sources, and artefacts, implying that improvements are still possible, perhaps via a second, more interpretable lens selection filtering stage. There is currently no alternative to human classification of CNN-selected lens candidates. Given the expected 10^5 lensing systems in Euclid, this implies 10^6 objects for human classification, which while very large is not in principle intractable and not without precedent
Mèmes en réception : pour une étude sémioverbale et cognitive appliquée aux publics des « neurchis » sur le thème du changement climatique
No full textInternational audienceDepuis quelques années, les mèmes internet comme objet d’études se multiplient en sciences du langage. Ces objets multimodaux, à forte teneur virale et témoignant de la vitalité des échanges en ligne n’ont cependant pas encore bénéficié de l’attention d’études sur leur réception auprès du grand public. En nous basant sur la grille de lecture d’Albin Wagener (2022), nous proposons ici les résultats d’une enquête dont le but est de comprendre quelles émotions et quels imaginaires sociodiscursifs les mèmes écologistes suscitent, ainsi que la capacité d’identification culturelle de l’image que le public acquiert. Cette recherche montre ainsi que les références culturelles sur lesquelles les mèmes reposent (les référèmes) ne sont pas systématiquement déterminées, mais qu’elles n’entravent pas l’identification du sujet (le topème). En outre, les mèmes véhiculent des émotions et des opinions politiques clairement exprimées et reconnues
Révolutionner la surveillance vasculaire
No full textInternational audienceAs part of the European Interreg VASCULAI project, IEMN/UPHF is developing an electronic bracelet designed to measure key physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure and blood flow. AI will be used to analyze this data and cross-reference it with databases to help prevent cardiovascular diseases.IEMN/UPHF's work focuses on building initial prototypes using commercial components to study data acquisition and transmission. The prototypes will then be enhanced by developing advanced electronic components based on innovative materials.Concerning the wireless communication, IEMN/UPHF is collaborating with BRIN, the National Research and Innovation Agency from Indonesia, to ensure secure and reliable data transmission over short and long distances
Limitation de la procréation : réflexions sous le prisme des droits fondamentaux et de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant
No full textInternational audienceFace aux enjeux de surpopulation mondiale et de crise écologique, certains auteurs prônent la limitation de la procréation à un enfant unique. Cette contribution met en lumière les obstacles juridiques et éthiques à une telle limitation. Les mesures coercitives ou incitatives envisageables porteraient nécessairement atteinte aux droits fondamentaux et à l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant de l’enfant. Plus particulièrement, c’est à l’enfant né en second lieu, c’est-à-dire à celui qui naîtrait au mépris d’une législation et d’une réglementation encourageant ou imposant une limitation de la procréation à un seul enfant par couple, que s’intéresse cet article
Euclid. V. The Flagship galaxy mock catalogue: a comprehensive simulation for the Euclid mission
No full textInternational audienceWe present the Flagship galaxy mock, a simulated catalogue of billions of galaxies designed to support the scientific exploitation of the Euclid mission. Euclid is a medium-class mission of the European Space Agency optimised to determine the properties of dark matter and dark energy on the largest scales of the Universe. It probes structure formation over more than 10 billion years primarily from the combination of weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering data. The breath of Euclid's data will also foster a wide variety of scientific analyses. The Flagship simulation was developed to provide a realistic approximation to the galaxies that will be observed by Euclid and used in its scientific analyses. We ran a state-of-the-art N-body simulation with four trillion particles, producing a lightcone on the fly. From the dark matter particles, we produced a catalogue of 16 billion haloes in one octant of the sky in the lightcone up to redshift z=3. We then populated these haloes with mock galaxies using a halo occupation distribution and abundance matching approach, calibrating the free parameters of the galaxy mock against observed correlations and other basic galaxy properties. Modelled galaxy properties include luminosity and flux in several bands, redshifts, positions and velocities, spectral energy distributions, shapes and sizes, stellar masses, star formation rates, metallicities, emission line fluxes, and lensing properties. We selected a final sample of 3.4 billion galaxies with a magnitude cut of H_E<26, where we are complete. We have performed a comprehensive set of validation tests to check the similarity to observational data and theoretical models. In particular, our catalogue is able to closely reproduce the main characteristics of the weak lensing and galaxy clustering samples to be used in the mission's main cosmological analysis. (abridged
Misbehavior Detection in Connected Vehicle: Pre-Bayesian Majority Game Framework
No full textInternational audienceEphemeral networks, such as vehicular ad hoc networks, face significant security challenges due to their transient nature and susceptibility to malicious nodes. Traditional trust mechanisms often struggle with dynamic topologies and short-lived interactions, particularly when adversarial nodes spread misinformation. This paper proposes a dual-game theoretical framework combining pre-Bayesian belief updates with majority voting to enhance collaborative misbehavior detection in decentralized vehicular networks. The approach models node interactions through two sequential games: a pre-Bayesian game where nodes assess information credibility based on individual beliefs, followed by a majority game that aggregates collective decisions to refine trust evaluations. Simulations across scenarios with varying malicious node proportions demonstrate the framework's adaptability, showing consistent belief convergence toward accurate classifications despite increased adversarial influence. Results indicate robust performance even when 40% of nodes exhibit malicious behavior, though convergence delays highlight challenges in highly adversarial environments. The study underscores the importance of maintaining benign node majorities for system stability and suggests future integrations with machine learning for scalability. This work provides a foundation for secure, real-time decision-making in applications requiring reliable ephemeral networks, such as connected vehicle systems. nodes can manipulate data, disseminate false information, or disrupt communication, thereby compromising network performance. For example, in VANETs, a malicious vehicle might inject false traffic information, causing significant disruptions or even accidents, a</div
A Healthcare Providers’ Survey for the Cognitive Rehabilitation of Multiple Sclerosis in France: From Research to Real Life
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Cognitive impairment (CI) is recognized as a very frequent feature of persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMSs). Multiple studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation (CR) in improving CI linked to cerebral functional connectivity facilitation and increased strategies to cope with daily living activities. Nevertheless, there is considerable heterogeneity in the methodologies and protocols proposed to pwMSs. Aim: This study aimed to establish a current state of CR for pwMSs, among different types of healthcare providers (HCPs) in France. Methods: A Web-based survey was conducted between March and September 2024 among HCPs involved in the care of pwMSs. Results: One hundred and one HCPs involved in the care of pwMSs participated in this survey. CR was considered efficient by 97% of HCPs, especially when multimodal. Based on the responses, CR is proposed mainly following cognitive complaints, for moderate or severe cognitive disorders, and at the onset of the disease (45%). HCPs mentioned several obstacles to the implementation of CR, notably the cost of remediation (37%), and the lack of availability of both professionals (58%) and patients (51%). Conclusions: This rehabilitation requires specific tools combined with psychoeducative advice provided by multidisciplinary HCPs