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A Universal Implementation Approach for Multivalued Logic Gates Based on Negative Transconductance in Series-Connected Two-Dimensional Transistors
No full textInternational audienceMultiple-valued logic (MVL) is highly desired for algebra, logic, and artificial intelligence due to its higher information density. However, its practical adoption has been hindered for decades by extensive hardware requirements. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with exceptional electronic properties provide possibilities for the development of MVL devices with simple structures. Despite several reports on ternary logic (r = 3) hardware, extending their design to higher logic radix devices (r > 3) is challenging. The construction of elementary MVL gates with a higher radix is still relatively underexplored, and a universal device implementation approach is lacking. In this study, we exploit transconductance (g) matching between the negative transconductance (NTC) effect in series-connected molybdenum disulfide (MoS) and black phosphorus (BP) transistors, along with the multiple current valleys of BP transistors, to realize a series of multivalued logic (MVL) gate families (r = 3, 4, 5). Our design achieves reduced transistor counts, higher DC gains, and lower power consumption. Standard quaternary (r = 4) and quinary (r = 5) inverters are demonstrated using only four and five planar transistors, respectively. Additionally, compact models of 2D transistors and equivalent circuits of the MVL gate are established, supporting future large-scale MVL system design and simulation
COMPTERA : Ultra-fast quantum-well mid-infrared photodetectors: time-resolved photocurrent and optical saturation by femtosecond laser excitation
No full textNational audienc
Sociodemographic impact on smart cities IoT adoption in China
No full textInternational audienceDigital disruption is one of the most important social megatrends that deeply impact recent and future economic activities. IoT has contributed to the development of Chinese smart cities in recent years. Building on the authors' prior study (Boustani, Xu, & Xu, 2022), which established the mediating role of blockchain adoption between IoT and continuous usage intention, this study investigates how sociodemographic variables moderate these relationships. The authors use Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Partial Least Squares Multi-Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) with the SmartPLS software, analyzing a dataset comprising over a thousand samples in China. The authors' findings demonstrate that age positively moderates the blockchain adoption-continuous usage intention relationship, IoT knowledge positively moderates the citizen empowerment-IoT relationship, while frequency of IoT use negatively moderates the social influence-IoT relationship. These results extend UTAUT theory by revealing boundary conditions of technology adoption in smart cities
Determination of the Critical Micelle Concentration of Gelatin, ι-Carrageenan, Pectin, Gellan Gum and Xanthan Gum by Mid Infrared Spectroscopy Among Other Techniques
No full textInternational audienceCritical micelle concentration (CMC) is the main physico-chemical parameter to be determined for surfactants due to its impact on surface activity and self-assembled aggregation. The aim of the present study is to determine CMC at 40 °C of gelatin, ι-carrageenan, pectin, gellan gum and xanthan gum by using different analytical techniques, particularly mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy as a rapid technique. The CMC values obtained for each hydrocolloid were relatively identical regardless of the applied technique: rheometer, conductimetry and automatic drop tensiometer (tracker). Indeed, CMC values of 55.16 g/L, 14 g/L, 6.04 g/L, 7 g/L and 3.48 g/L were obtained, respectively, for gelatin, ι-carrageenan, pectin, gellan gum and xanthan gum by using the surface tension method (tracker). Similar results were obtained for MIR spectroscopy since CMC values of 70 g/L, 15 g/L, 7 g/L, 5 g/L and 6 g/L were observed, respectively, for gelatin, ι-carrageenan, pectin, gellan gum and xanthan gum. The results presented here clearly demonstrate that it is possible to use MIR spectroscopy as a rapid analytical technique for the CMC determination of the investigated hydrocolloids
Not so weak after all: institutional and partisan sources of parliamentary resilience in France and Finland during COVID
No full textInternational audienceDuring crises, executives are empowered at the expense of legislatures. This applied also to the COVID period. Focusing on two stable yet different European democracies, France and Finland, this article examines the internal and external factors affecting the ability of parliaments to control the executive during the pandemic. The empirical analysis considers institutional developments affecting parliaments as well as the behaviour of MPs. The benefit of hindsight enables us to assess the entire COVID period, showing that in both countries the initial dominance of the executive was followed by more assertive parliamentary behaviour. The results indicate that, despite difficult conditions, parliaments in both countries displayed adaptability and resilience, but power constellations pre-dating the COVID period impacted on the respective roles of the French and Finnish parliaments
L'innovation numérique au service des humanités ?: Le cas des échanges internationaux dans le supérieur
No full textInternational audienc
A Comparative Study of the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Efficacy of Different Extracts of Caulerpa prolifera
No full textInternational audienceThe Moroccan coastline has been the focus of attention for researchers studying the national algal flora, with the aim of preserving these invaluable natural resources. Since the year 2000, these resources have stimulated great interest in the creation of new drugs, as well as their integration into food supplements and foods. Therefore, this study aims to explore the phytochemistry of a series of extracts derived from Caulerpa prolifera. To ensure better extraction of the various metabolites present, two extraction methods, namely maceration and the Soxhlet method, were employed using solvents of varying polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water). The chemical composition of the extracts was analyzed using GC-MS for fatty acids and HPLC-DAD for phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and β-carotene bleaching assays, while antidiabetic potential was assessed by in vitro inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In addition, Molecular docking models were employed to assess the interaction between the bioactive molecules and the human pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Vanillin, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, 7,3′,4′-flavon-3-ol, and kaempferol were the most abundant phenolic compounds. Anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects were highly significant
There is no such thing as bad publicity? Managing brands, partnerships, and reputation with controversial celebrities: The Adidas-Kanye West saga
No full textThe Case Centre, case study 325-0089-1, teaching note 325-0089-8
Temporal dynamics and tidal influences on plastic deposition, remobilization, and accumulation in an estuarine mixing zone in Northern France
No full textInternational audiencePlastic pollution represents a critical threat to estuarine environments, with the complex dynamics of plastic deposition, remobilization, and accumulation remaining understudied. This study investigated these three processes in a natural French estuary during semi-diurnal tidal cycles, focusing on the influence of these cycles, wind patterns, and substrate types. Repeated samplings were conducted at regular intervals, with six consecutive observations during low tides each month over a period of 3 months. OSPAR protocol along a 100 m2 transect was used, and plastic deposition rates ranged from 1.5 ± 0.54 plastics/100 m2 to 31.16 ± 8.06 plastics/100 m2 per semi-diurnal tide cycle. Remobilization rates varied from 50 to 100%, with substrates such as mud and gravel showing rapid remobilization and low accumulation, while dense vegetation retained up to nine times more plastic, acting as hotspots for accumulation. In addition, landward winds amplified this plastic deposition, increasing rates by a factor of 5 to 20, particularly during spring tides. Macroplastics dominated the various sizes of plastic deposited, and polymer analysis identified polyethylene and polypropylene as the most prevalent polymers. Long-term monitoring underestimated plastic retention by a factor of up to 20, highlighting the value of short-term, high-frequency observations to accurately study plastic dynamics. These results reveal the complex interaction of substrate characteristics, environmental factors, and tidal cycles in the regulation of plastic dynamics in estuarine environments and the need for targeted mitigation strategies to protect these ecosystems