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A novel embroidered textile RFID adapted rectenna for current rectification and energy transfer
No full textInternational audienceIn recent years, the rise of smart textiles has enabled the development of numerous electronic textile devices for various applications, as physiological parameters monitoring in the medical field. However, powering these devices in a way that supports increased wearability and mobility remains a complex challenge. To avoid the use of batteries, technologies based on textile magnetic induction have emerged. However, the rectification circuits required to convert the alternating current received by antennas into direct current are still mostly made with traditional, rigid electronic components. This paper presents a new prototyping method to develop a textile rectifier and its associated antenna (rectenna) circuit, limiting rigid components only to the diode. The study includes a theoretical analysis that guides the design of a circuit operating in the near-field communication frequency range. An experimental investigation of the electrical performance was also conducted to evaluate the circuit’s rectification efficiency. The resulting textile rectenna prototype demonstrates a rectification efficiency of 45% for an alternating signal at its optimal operating frequency of 20 MHz
La durabilité portée par la numérisation ? (Re)politiser le débat
No full textInternational audienceAs ecological crises escalate, digitalisation is often framed as a key solution for sustainability transformations. Besides incremental optimisation, this promise has not materialised yet. In this article, we argue that digital solutions towards sustainability objectives are shaped by and reinforce power structures that effectively undermine sustainability outcomes. Academic discourse and governance are often dominated by a technology-centric framing, in contrast to technologically informed, power-centric approaches. In this article, we develop an interdisciplinary framework to analyse three interconnected dimensions of power at the sustainability-digitalisation-nexus and reveal how they obstruct sustainability. We locate power at the level of environmental knowledge, governance, and technological materiality: (1) Digital technologies create representations of the environment that reinforce, reconfigure, or clash with pre-existing ones, striving for more and better digital real-time data for technological control. (2) The spread of digital technologies is facilitated by emerging actor coalitions that promote digitalisation while employing a reductionist understanding of sustainability. This limits the policy space to optimisation and incremental solutionism, which reproduce the status quo. (3) The designs and material infrastructures of current digital technologies create path dependencies and lock-in effects while the underlying colonial resource and wealth flows remain hidden. We advocate for a (re-)politicisation of digitalisation across these dimensions to leverage its potential for sustainability transformations. We conclude that digitalisation cannot spare us from political conflicts and deliberation processes about desirable sustainability futures. The debate should re-centre fundamental questions about what kind of sustainable futures we want, where technology has a role to play and where not.Alors que les crises écologiques s’intensifient, la numérisation est souvent présentée comme une solution clé pour les transformations en faveur de la durabilité. Au-delà de certaines optimisations incrémentales, cette promesse ne s’est toutefois pas encore concrétisée. Dans cet article, nous soutenons que les solutions numériques orientées vers des objectifs de durabilité sont façonnées par — et renforcent — des structures de pouvoir qui, en pratique, compromettent les résultats attendus en matière de durabilité. Les discours académiques et les modes de gouvernance sont fréquemment dominés par un cadrage technocentrique, au détriment d’approches informées par la technologie mais centrées sur les rapports de pouvoir.Dans cet article, nous développons un cadre interdisciplinaire permettant d’analyser trois dimensions interconnectées du pouvoir au croisement entre durabilité et numérisation, et de montrer comment elles entravent la durabilité. Nous situons le pouvoir aux niveaux des savoirs environnementaux, de la gouvernance et de la matérialité technologique : (1) les technologies numériques produisent des représentations de l’environnement qui renforcent, reconfigurent ou entrent en tension avec les représentations préexistantes, dans une quête de données numériques en temps réel toujours plus nombreuses et précises au service du contrôle technologique ; (2) la diffusion des technologies numériques est facilitée par l’émergence de coalitions d’acteurs qui promeuvent la numérisation tout en mobilisant une compréhension réductrice de la durabilité. Cela restreint l’action publique à des formes d’optimisation et de solutionnisme incrémental qui tendent à reproduire le statu quo ; (3) les modes de conception et les infrastructures matérielles des technologies numériques actuelles génèrent des dépendances de sentier et des effets de verrouillage, tandis que les flux coloniaux sous-jacents de ressources et de richesse demeurent invisibilisés.Nous plaidons pour une (re)politisation de la numérisation à travers ces différentes dimensions afin d’en exploiter le potentiel pour les transformations en faveur de la durabilité. Nous concluons que la numérisation ne saurait nous dispenser des conflits politiques ni des processus de délibération sur les futurs durables souhaitables. Le débat doit recentrer les questions fondamentales portant sur le type d’avenir durable que nous désirons, ainsi que sur le rôle que la technologie doit — ou ne doit pas — y jouer
In vitro digestibility, peptide profile, and bioactivities of water lentil (duckweed) protein compared to commercial protein isolates
No full textInternational audienceWater lentils (duckweeds) are a promising protein source, however their digestibility and potential to release bioactive peptides remain underexplored. This study investigated, for the first time, the in vitro digestibility of proteins from water lentil protein concentrates (WLPCs) and their associated by-products obtained through chemical or electrochemical purification, in comparison with the initial native water lentil powder (IP) and commercial protein isolates (egg white, whey, and soy). WLPCs exhibited moderate digestibility, likely due to protein denaturation during extraction, whereas the bioaccessible fraction (~38 %) of IP showed high digestibility. Peptide profiling revealed that IP produced a more diverse peptide pool than WLPCs and their by-products. IP, WPI, and SPI showed the strongest ACE inhibition, while WLPCs exhibited the highest DPP-IV inhibition. These findings indicate that water lentil protein purification does not necessarily improve digestibility, but they confirm the potential of water lentil proteins as a valuable source of bioactive peptides
Artificial Intelligence for Environmental Profiling: Improving Spatial Analysis by Capturing Local Specificities
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Apport de l’intelligence artificielle pour les profils environnementaux et l’étiologie de maladies chroniques
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Interpretable one-class classification framework for prescription error detection using BERT embeddings and dimensionality reduction
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Programme de restauration des scirpaies sur le site de Donges-Est dans l’Estuaire de la LoireAnnée 2024Bilan du suivi écologique à n+6 pour les zones travaillées en 2018 et n+5 pour celles de 2019
No full textProgramme de restauration des scirpaies sur le site de Donges-Est dans l'Estuaire de la Loire Année 2024 Bilan du suivi écologique à n+6 pour les zones travaillées en 2018 et n+5 pour celles de 2019 Bilan du programme restauration des scirpaies dans l'Estuaire de la Loire_2024 2 Ce programme est soutenu financièrement par l'Agence de l'eau Loire-Bretagne et Nantes Saint-Nazaire Port. Il bénéficie d'un accompagnement par le Conseil Départemental de Loire-Atlantique en qualité d'animateur Natura 2000. Programme de restauration des scirpaies sur le site de Donges-Est dans l'Estuaire de la Loire année 2024 Bilan du suivi écologique à n+6 pour les zones travaillées en 2018 et n+5 pour celles de 201
Alternative and low-cost technique to transfer III-V DHBT transistors onto Si-HR using Cu-Cu bonding for sub-THz power amplification for 6G
No full textInternational audienceThis study introduces the preparation of a future transferred InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) on a high-resistivity silicon substrate. Our approach employs copper (Cu) as a thermal heat sink and chosen for its excellent thermal conductivity, which will make possible efficient heat dissipation in electronic devices. This ensures superior compatibility with industry standards and improves performance in high power applications and ultra-low-cost material bonding. The development includes the first instance of heatsink bonding using a Si-Fab copper layer, together with a method for removing InP substrate . This process involves also a mechanical thinning down to 10 µm, followed by etching with HCl. These advancements are expected to significantly improve power amplification performance at high frequency, paving the way for 6G-compatible CMOS integration
Sélection génomique du Miscanthus sinensis: Prendre en compte l'effet de l'âge dans la modélisation
No full textInternational audienceMiscanthus, a perennial rhizomatous plant, is of growing interest in France for biomass production and its valorization in the bioeconomy and ecosystem services. However, French cultivation is based on a single variety, which is risky in case of any environmental pressure, and therefore requires the development of new varieties. Recent work of the team has highlighted an increase in heritability over time for most traits of interest (Raverdy et al., 2022), which contributes to increase the selection cycle duration. In this context, the main objective is to develop genomic selection in Miscanthus sinensis in order to shorten its selection cycle. Genomic selection makes it possible to predict the performance of non-phenotyped individuals based on knowledge of their genotypes for numerous molecular markers. Applied to miscanthus, this would make it possible to predict adult performance on the basis of molecular marker genotypes determined at a young age, thus shortening the selection cycle
Electoral plutocracy
No full textInternational audiencePrevious research shows that elected governments primarily follow the preferences of high-income citizens, but the reasons for this remain controversial. In the present paper, we introduce a new synthetic measure of electoral plutocracy, i.e. the relative electoral weight of the rich compared to the poor for a given government in a parliamentary regime. The index takes into account three sources of electoral distortion that may favor the rich: i) the conversion of persons into votes (turnout), ii) the conversion of votes into seats (representation), iii) the conversion of seats into government portfolios (coalition). Using survey data on parliamentary democracies since the late 1990s, we show that, on average, a person above the median income is electorally worth 1.16 times a person below the median income (and a person from the 10th decile is electorally worth 1.48 times a person from the 1st decile). This is mainly explained by higher turnout and higher participation in governing coalitions of parties supported electorally by the rich. Finally, we illustrate the interest of our index by re-testing the Meltzer-Richard hypothesis on the link between income inequality and redistribution. We show that the positive effect of inequality on redistribution is moderated by the level of electoral plutocracy