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The role of S100B protein as a diagnostic biomarker for brain injury
No full textInternational audienceS100B is a brain protein, produced mainly by astrocytes, that indicates neurological injury by leaking into the bloodstream, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine. Elevated levels of S100B in blood and CSF serve as a marker for acute neural injury such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. The extent of S100B elevation can help predict clinical outcomes after brain injury and monitor the effectiveness of treatment. Measuring S100B levels over time, or using a trajectory analysis, can provide more reliable information about injury progression and help predict secondary injuries. In order to predict clinical outcomes after brain injury, as well as to provide a basis for appropriate treatment and indicate treatment success, it is imperative to have appropriate analytical tools at hand. In this review, we focus on the research progress of S100B as an "alert" signalling molecule in the connection of brain injuries and critically assess current diagnostic assays for S100B, including Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits, biosensors, and point-of-care (PoC) devices.</div
« Le plébiscite chilien de 1988 ou la kitschisation du discours politique »
No full textInternational audienc
Interstizi
No full textInternational audienceLe chapitre analyse l’interstice en tant que concept euristique pour étudier les espaces publics, semi-publics et privés et leurs relations mutuelles. L’interstice, comme le veut son étymologie, est ce qui se trouve entre-deux. Le chapitre montre comment, par le fait de ne pas avoir un statut clair mais ambigu, l’interstice permet de lire la dialectique entre centre et marge, ouverture et secret, intimité et altérité, individuel et collectif et de comprendre comment la relation aux autres est spatialement contractée sans cesse
In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of NIR-Light Responsive Alginate Hydrogels Embedding Polydopamine Nanoparticles
No full textInternational audienceacterial infections are one of the most serious health problems worldwide and represent a significant threat to humans. In this article, we designed an injectable alginate-based hydrogel embedding polydopamine nanoparticles (nPDA) and applied it as a (nano)phototherapeutic agent and nanocarrier for photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapies with the perspective of treating bacterial infections and overcoming microbial resistance. For this purpose, nPDA were functionalized with Chlorin e6 as a photosensitizer and embedded in an alginate hydrogel to apply the PDT treatment. The photothermal properties of nPDA were exploited for the “on demand” local release of antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin (for Gram-negative bacteria) and Rifampicin (for Gram-positive bacteria) to address respectively Escherichia coli and Staphylococcuss aureus as these antimicrobial-resistant pathogens are commonly found in bacterial infections. In vitro experiments have shown that PDT and PTT treatments were both highly efficient for the treatment of S. aureus, leading to the complete eradication of this bacterium. On the contrary, PDT was less effective for treating E. coli, while PTT revealed an excellent antibacterial activity toward this pathogen
Soft Fault Diagnosis in a Communication Cable using a Transferometry-Based Method
No full textInternational audienceThis paper aims to detect and locate a soft fault, i.e. a physical degradation, in unshielded twisted pair cables used for data transmission in a networked control system (NCS). The proposed approach is based on the analysis of the transmission coefficient (TC) in the time domain for both nofault and faulty situations. A health indicator ratio is used to estimate the severity of the fault, while a residual is defined to localize the position of the fault. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the method
The Curious Spectra and Dynamics of Non-locally Finite Crystals
No full textInternational audienceAbstract This paper is devoted to the investigation of the spectral theory and dynamical properties of periodic graphs which are not locally finite but carry non-negative, symmetric and summable edge weights. These graphs are shown to exhibit rather intriguing behaviour: for example, we construct a periodic graph whose Laplacian has purely singular continuous spectrum. Regarding point spectrum, and different to the locally finite case, we construct a graph with a partly flat band whose eigenvectors must have infinite support. Concerning dynamical aspects, under some assumptions we prove that motion remains ballistic along at least one layer. We also construct a graph whose Laplacian has purely absolutely continuous spectrum, exhibits ballistic transport, yet fails to satisfy a dispersive estimate. This provides a negative answer to an open question in this context. Furthermore, we include a discussion of the fractional Laplacian for which we prove a phase transition in its dynamical behaviour. Generally speaking, many questions still remain open, and we believe that the studied class of graphs can serve as a playground to better understand exotic spectra and dynamics
Unique characteristics of the electronic and optical properties of HgTe nanocrystals
No full textInternational audienceHgTe is a semi-metallic material with unconventional electronic properties compared to the usual III-V or II-VI semiconductors, characterized by a negative bandgap, band inversion and topological insulator properties under the action of quantum confinement. How do these unique characteristics impact the electronic and optical properties of HgTe nanocrystals, particularly when their band gap approaches zero, when their optical response ranges from the mid-infrared to the THz? We are answering this question through a theoretical study that allows us to deal with large nanocrystals, in the vicinity of the topological transition. The optical inter-band and intra-band transitions of these nanocrystals are analyzed in detail
Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, « Indigente glaneuse » et fière de l’être
No full textInternational audienceMarceline Desbordes-Valmore's work got a mixed reception. A successful author during her lifetime, the poet of "Les Pleurs" has been unable to remain renowned.In order to better explore the links between Marceline Desbordes-Valmore and the notion of the margin, it is first necessary to define what this notion designates. We find two acceptions of this notion. On the one hand, an author said to be "on the margin" is a neglected author, in that they are sidelined by critics, or even because they place themselves at odds with their critics. On the other hand, an author can be described as marginal for the atypical nature of their work: a work that stands on the margins of more classical works can be described as marginal for its own particularities, which marginalize it in the primary sense of the term.Marceline Desbordes-Valmore's work is marginal in many ways. She was the first, shortly preceding Alphonse de Lamartine, to "bring poetry down from Parnassus, and [...] give to what was called the muse, instead of a conventional seven-stringed lyre, the very fibers of the human heart, touched and moved by the innumerable thrills of the soul and of nature." Through elements borrowed from folk song, Marceline Desbordes-Valmore's verse is modulated in the minor mode, in a manner that inspired Verlaine to write his Ariettes oubliées. In the period following the French Revolution, "questioning replaced dogma," and even more so in poetry. Verse freed itself from the mechanics of meter to better attune itself to human subjectivity, and Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, through her flexible use of versification, brought about this transition.Marceline Desbordes-Valmore's work is also marginal because it is written by a woman operating in a male setting. To be accepted by romanticism, Marceline Desbordes-Valmore employs a duplicitous stance that consists of asserting the minority nature of her writing. In doing so, she asserts a marginality that allows her, while writing in noble genres, to make a name for herself in the literary world of her time."Indigente glaneuse", Marceline Desbordes-Valmore is a marginal author who, although received in varying degrees, has always enjoyed marginal recognition.ACTES DE COLLOQUE À VENIRL'œuvre de Marceline Desbordes-Valmore a bénéficié, à tort ou à raison, d’une réception contrastée. Auteur au succès fulgurant de son vivant, redoublé par un recueil posthume bien accueilli par la critique, la poétesse des Pleurs n’a pas su pérenniser son succès tout relatif. Afin de questionner au mieux les liens entre Marceline Desbordes-Valmore et la notion de marge, il convient en premier lieu de définir ce qui est à la marge. Nous admettons au moins deux acceptions de ce terme : d’une part, un auteur que l’on dit « à la marge » est un auteur négligé, en ce qu’il est mis de côté par la critique, voire parce qu’il se met en porte-à-faux des critiques. D’autre part, un auteur peut être qualifié de marginal pour le côté atypique de son œuvre : une œuvre qui s’établit à la marge d’œuvres plus classiques peut être qualifiée d’œuvre à la marge pour ses particularités propres, qui la marginalisent au sens premier du terme.Marginale, l’œuvre de Marceline Desbordes-Valmore l’est par bien des aspects. Elle a la première, précédant de peu Alphonse de Lamartine, « fait descendre la poésie du Parnasse, et […] donné à ce qu'on nommait la muse, au lieu d’une lyre à sept cordes de convention, les fibres mêmes du cœur de l’homme, touchées et émues par les innombrables frissons de l’âme et de la nature ». Au travers d’éléments empruntés au chant populaire, le vers de Marceline Desbordes-Valmore est modulé sur le mode mineur, d’une manière qui a inspiré Verlaine pour la rédaction de ses Ariettes oubliées. Dans la période qui suit la Révolution française, « le questionnement remplace le dogme », et ce d’autant plus en poésie. Le vers se soustrait de la mécanicité du mètre pour mieux s’accorder à la subjectivité humaine, et Marceline Desbordes-Valmore, par son usage souple de la versification, opère cette transition.L’œuvre de Marceline Desbordes-Valmore est marginale, aussi, parce qu’elle est écrite par une femme qui évolue dans un milieu masculin. Pour être acceptée par ce milieu, Marceline Desbordes-Valmore use d’une posture de duplicité qui consiste à revendiquer la minorité de son écriture. Ce faisant, elle revendique une marginalité qui lui permet, tout en écrivant dans des genres nobles, de se faire un nom dans le milieu littéraire de son temps.« Indigente glaneuse », Marceline Desbordes-Valmore est un auteur marginal qui, même si diversement reçu, a toujours bénéficié d’une reconnaissance marginale
Boron-doped carbon nanowalls as effective electrodes for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection: A novel bimodal EC-SALDI-MS approach
No full textInternational audienceFor the first time, boron-doped carbon nanowalls (B-CNWs) have been used as effective working electrodes for non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection. To achieve optimal response time and sensitivity, we activated B-CNWs by polarising them at 1.1 V in NaOH for 60 min. We established a robust linear dynamic range for glucose concentrations from 10 to 550 μM and calculated a limit of detection (LoD) of 10 μM. Additionally, B-CNWs demonstrated excellent selectivity for glucose, even in the presence of various interfering compounds like its isomer, galactose. Importantly, we showed that B-CNWs could detect gluconic acid, the oxidation product of glucose, using mass spectrometry in an off-line configuration. This novel approach combines electrochemical (EC) and surface-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) detection, utilising the same nanomaterial (B-CNWs) in a bimodal configuration. This coupling represents a significant advancement in glucose sensing technology by leveraging the unique properties of B-CNWs and providing a powerful analytical tool for detecting, identifying, and understanding a wide range of chemical compounds and processes
Modélisation et caractérisation de la tenue au crash de structures hybrides aluminium et bois confiné: application aux glissières de sécurité des ponts routiers à platelage d'aluminium extrudé
No full textThèse sous confidentialité du jury jusqu’au 28-09-2028.Traffic crash barriers are essential for bridges, providing a physical impassable limit to redirect errant vehicles safely onto the roadway. To fulfill its function, a traffic barrier must be able to absorb the impact energy from a vehicle and protect thelives of occupants and other road users. To be certified for use on a road bridge, current design standards require that the designed traffic barrier be crash-tested under full-scale real life to determine the its performance level. In the Quebec , the traffic barriers commonly used on bridges are made of steel. Other materials, such as wood and aluminum, have great potential for this purpose. This project aims to explore the use of wood and aluminum for traffic barriers, and to develop a numericl tool for the design of this new generation of traffic barrier. In this context, exprimental 3-point bending tests in quasi-static and dynamic conditions were performed on samples (dowels) made of wood, aluminum and hybrid wood-aluminum. Analysis of test results has enabled us to identify a material law for each material. MAT-143-Wood in LS-DYNA, in which wood is modeled as transversely isotropic, were used to modeled the behavior of wood samples. The elasto-plastic behavior of aluminum were modeled using Ramberg and Osgood law. The constitutive law's material parameters for wood were identified using an inverse identification procedure. Finite element simulations of the 3-point bending tests on wood, aluminum and hybrid wood/aluminum specimens have shown good prediction of the experimental results. The reliability of the numerical model was then validated in a complex loading case involving wood-aluminium hybrid assemblies. Finite element simulations of the assemblies were able to predict with good accuracy the gobal response of the hybrid structures in terms of load-displacement and failure modes. A parametric study using the constitutive laws showed that optimizating the geometric and material parameters can allow improvment of the performance for these wood-aluminum hybrid structures. With the aim of using the hybrid wood-aluminum structures for traffic barriers, a reference system consisting of a steel traffic barrier assembled on an extruded aluminum bridge deck by means of an anchorage solution part known as a "sacrificial extrusion" was studied experimentally and numerically using a test known as "destructive testing". Comparison of numerical and experimental results has allowed to validate the developed numerical tool for the design of traffic barrier. Subsequently, the developed numerical tool for traffic barriers was used in combination with the constitutive laws of wood and aluminum to propose a design approach for hybrid wood-aluminum traffic barriers. Quasi-static numerical simulations on wood-aluminium hybrid posts and dynamic simulations on hybrid guardrails were carried out. The results showed that the use of a wood-aluminium hybrid traffic barrier on an extruded aluminium bridge deck can reduce the level of energy transmitted to the deck, and thereby prevent plastic deformation in the deck.Les glissières de sécurité (dispositifs de retenue) sont des éléments essentiels sur les ponts routiers. Pour remplir sa fonction, un dispositif de retenue doit être capable d'absorber une partie de l'énergie du choc provenant du véhicule sans trop endommager le pont et de retenir le véhicule sur le pont. Pour être accrédité et utilisé sur un pont routier, un dispositif de retenue doit faire l'objet d'un essai de collision à grandeur réelle. Ces essais coûtent très chers. Dans la région du Québec, les dispositifs de retenue couramment utilisés sur les ponts routiers sont en acier mais d'autres solutions hybrides utilisant des matériaux locaux tels que le bois et l'aluminium peuvent apporter des solutions innovantes tant sur la capacité d'absorption que sur la durabilité des équipements. Pour faciliter la conception de structures hybrides bois-aluminium et réduire le nombre d'essais sur prototypes physiques réels, le développement de modèles numériques pour la simulation du comportement est primordial. Le travail de thèse vise ici à développer un outil de simulation numérique permettant l'étude de ce type de structures hybrides soumise à des sollicitations de type choc. Dans un premier temps, des essais quasi-statiques sont réalisés sur des éprouvettes simples pour permettre de caractériser les différents matériaux et d'identifier les lois de comportement adéquates. L'utilisation de la loi MAT-143 pour décrire le comportement du bois dans LS-DYNA a démontré sa pertinence. Le comportement élasto-plastique de l'aluminium est quant à lui décrit par l'équation de Ramberg-Osgood. Des essais ont ensuite été réalisés en dynamique pour vérifier l'importance des effets de vitesse pour les différents matériaux et leur influence sur le comportement des structures hybrides. Les modèles numériques développés en éléments finis sont ensuite testés dans une configuration de structure complexe représentant un assemblage. Les simulations numériques sur l'assemblage complexe ont prédit avec une bonne précision la réponse globale des structures étudiées en termes d'effort-déplacement et de modes de rupture observés. Une étude paramétrique utilisant les lois de comportement a montré qu'une optimisation des paramètres géométriques et matériaux est possible afin d'obtenir les performances désirées pour ces structures hybrides bois/aluminium. Afin de valider les développements et méthodologies de ces outils numériques, une application est proposée pour analyser le développement de nouvelles glissières de sécurité pour un pont routier au Québec. Un système de référence constitué d'une glissière de sécurité en acier assemblée sur un platelage de pont en aluminium extrudé au moyen d'une pièce appelée "extrusion sacrificielle" a été étudiée expérimentalement et numériquement. La comparaison des résultats numériques et expérimentaux a permis de valider l'outil numérique proposé et son adaptabilité pour la conception de nouvelles glissières de sécurité hybrides bois-aluminium. Une première étude simple avec des poteaux hybrides bois/aluminium et des lisses hybrides a été menée pour démontrer tout le potentiel de ce type de structure et la capacité des modèles numériques à pouvoir être utilisés pour la conception d'un dispositif de retenue hybride bois/aluminium fixé sur un pont à platelage en aluminium extrudé