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Eficacia Comparativa de Métodos Manuales, Instrumentales y Mixtos para Mejorar el Pico de Flujo de Tos y el Drenaje de Secreciones en Pacientes con Lesión Medular C5: Protocolo de Ensayo Clínico Aleatorizado
Full text linkIntroducción: Los pacientes con lesión medular cervical sufren disfunciones respiratorias severas. Las principales complicaciones asociadas a estas disfunciones están relacionadas con un incremento en la acumulación de secreciones y una reducción del pico de flujo de tos, lo que impide su adecuada eliminación. Este problema causa un gran impacto negativo en la supervivencia y en su calidad de vida.
Objetivos: Descubrir cuál de los 3 protocolos; manual, instrumental y mixto es más eficaz en el aumento del pico de flujo de tos y el drenaje de secreciones bronquiales en pacientes adultos con lesión medular cervical a nivel de C5.
Metodología: Se trata de un protocolo de ensayo clínico aleatorizado y estratificado por tipo de lesión medular y nivel de pico flujo de tos. En este protocolo se han creado 3 grupos; manual, instrumental y mixto. El protocolo manual recibirá tratamiento con las técnicas EDIC, ELTGOL y tos asistida manual. El protocolo instrumental recibirá PEP, ventilación percusiva intrapulmonar, insuflación-exsuflación mecánica y aspiración. El protocolo mixto recibirá técnicas manuales e instrumentales como el EDIC, ELTGOL, insuflación-exsuflación mecánica y aspiración. La fase de tratamiento durará 4 semanas. Para el estudio se usa la variable principal pico flujo de tos y como secundarias, la espirometría, la calidad de vida medido con “Quality of life Index-Spinal Cord Injury version” y la fatiga medida con la escala Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).
Resultados esperados: Tras la realización de todos los protocolos, se esperan mejores resultados en el protocolo instrumental que en el mixto y en el manual, respecto a el pico flujo de tos, los volúmenes pulmonares, la calidad de vida y el nivel de fatiga.
Conclusión: Se espera que el tratamiento instrumental, que combina la presión espiratoria positiva, ventilación percusiva intrapulmonar, insuflación-exsuflación mecánica y aspiración, es el protocolo más efectivo para mejorar el pico flujo de tos y facilitar el drenaje de secreciones bronquiales. También se espera que sea el protocolo más efectivo para mejorar las variables espirométricas, la calidad de vida y disminuir el nivel de fatiga
ARACOV-02. Specialized nutritional intervention and telerehabilitation in patients with long COVID: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Full text linkBackground
It is estimated that at least 10% of the population infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop Post COVID Condition, which is characterized by a diverse array of symptoms including dyspnea, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and deterioration in quality of life. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can trigger an excessive immune response, characterized by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1, TNFα and reactive oxygen species. Specialized Pro Resolving Mediators (SPMs) (17-HAD, 14-HAD and 18_HEPE) that could be useful in Post COVID Condition modulating the inflammatory response. The objective is to determine the change in quality of life, inflammatory profile, functional capacity and emotional variables in a group taking a nutritional supplement (SPMs) plus a telerehabilitation programme.
Methods
ARACOV-2 study is a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized control trial with two parallel interventions: Nutritional supplement and telerehabilitation vs placebo supplement and telerehabilitation. The primary endpoint will be quality of life (EQ-5L-5D). The intervention will last 12 weeks with a daily intake of omega-3 or placebo and a daily supervised rehabilitation programme using telerehabilitation.
Discussion
This study suggests that SPMs supplementation combined with telerehabilitation may improve inflammation and symptoms like fatigue in Post COVID Condition patients. Both interventions have anti-inflammatory potential, and their combined use could enhance physical and mental health outcomes. This approach offers a promising strategy for managing Post COVID Condition symptoms.This study is being financed by the Government of Aragon [Department of Innovation, Research and University]. It was subsidized through the “Convocatoria de proyectos empresariales de investigación industrial vinculados al sector farmacéutico” (Orden EPE/1570/2021) and whose beneficiary was SOLUTEX G.C. S.L. (file IDMF/2021/99). By means of a collaboration agreement, the Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IISA) has been subcontracted for the development and management of the project. Authorized delegate of the promoter: Óscar López Lorente (IISA) e mail: direcció[email protected]
Is digit ratio (2D:4D) a biomarker for lactate in women? Evidence from a cardiopulmonary test on professional female footballers
Full text linkBackground: Lactate and digit ratio (2D:4D) have been linked to sports performance, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. 2D:4D is strongly and positively associated with lactate during exercise across a range of running speeds in men. This study aimed to consider the relationship between 2D:4D and lactate in women during an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test.
Method: The participants were professional female football players. The treadmill test began at a speed of 6 km/h and was increased by 2 km/h every 3.15 min, with measurements at 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 km/h.
Results: There were 25 Caucasian and 3 Black participants; 2D:4D and lactate levels were lower in the latter, but the sample size was too small for meaningful comparisons. Lactate levels increased with running speed. The 2D:4D was not associated with lactate at 6 to 12 km/h. At 14 km/h, lactate was positively associated with right and left 2D:4D (stronger for the former) and negatively with height and digit lengths. These correlations were significant for the total sample and Caucasians only. Multiple regressions for the Caucasian sample showed that right 2D:4D was positively related to lactate at 14 km/h, and height was negatively associated with lactate at all speeds.
Conclusion: During exercise, the effect sizes for relationships between 2D:4D and lactate in women are positive but smaller than those reported for men and restricted to higher running speeds. Unlike men, women show a negative relationship between height and lactate. It is suggested that prenatal and pubertal sex steroid effects may explain these sex differences
Effectiveness of Electrical Muscle Elongation and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Programs on Muscle Flexibility and Stiffness in Young Adults with Functional Hamstring Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial with 4-Week Follow-Up
Full text linkBackground: Adequate hamstring flexibility is crucial for musculoskeletal health as increased muscle tone can lead to stretch-type injuries, muscle weakness, dysfunctional neuromuscular control, postural changes, and lower back pain. The aim was to compare the effectiveness of a program based on Electrical Muscle Elongation (EME), Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF), and no intervention in improving flexibility and viscoelastic properties of hamstring and quadriceps muscles in active young adults with functional hamstring disorder (type 2B according to the Munich Consensus). Methods: Sixty-five participants (45 male, 20 female) were randomly assigned to three groups: the EME group (n = 21) received a simultaneous combination of interferential current and stretching, the PNF group (n = 22) underwent active stretching, and the Control group (n = 22) received no intervention. Hamstring and quadricep flexibility and muscle stiffness were measured in both limbs at baseline, post-intervention, and at the 4-week follow-up. Results: The EME group showed significant improvements in hamstring flexibility in the left limb compared to the Control group and in some myotonometric variables of the quadriceps muscle compared to the PNF and Control groups (p < 0.05). Within-groups differences indicated higher improvements in the EME group. Conclusions: This study suggests that EME may offer greater benefits than PNF stretching in young adults with functional hamstring disorder
Apple peels as an edible source of phenolic bioactive compounds with antidiabetic and antiglycation properties
Full text linkApples (Malus domestica Borkh.) are one of the most consumed fruits around the world with a high production of peels as wastes and by-products. In this work, peels from different commercial and local apple samples are explored as a source of phenolic bioactive compounds that could be directly related to the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Six different cultivars from local and commercial apple samples were processed to obtain the phenolic compounds by ultrasonication of the peels using methanol as the solvent. The phenolic content was explored using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay and the quantification of 37 individual phenolic compounds was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Cellular viability was determined by performing the MTT assay in Caco-2 cell cultures exposed to the phenolic extracts. Subsequently, the capacity to inhibit α-glucosidase, α-amylase and pancreatic lipase enzymes, as well as antiglycation and antioxidant activities, was evaluated. These apple peel samples were considered a source of phenolic compounds with hyperoside, delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside, chlorogenic acid, phlorizin, epicatechin and procyanidin B2 as the main constituents. All samples neutralized the production of advanced glycation end-products and exhibited antiradical activities in a dose-dependent manner; four samples (Amarilla de Octubre, Manzana Helada, Verde Doncella and Pinova) inhibited α-glucosidase but only the sample known as “Amarilla de Octubre” was successful in inhibiting pancreatic α-amylase. Cytotoxicity was discarded in Caco-2 cell cultures at physiological concentrations considering these extracts as a source of phenolic compounds with antidiabetic, antiglycation and antioxidant properties
Developing Intercultural Competence in International Education: A Qualitative Study of Training Needs in Spanish SMEs
Full text linkThe international education sector requires professionals to collaborate daily with culturally diverse colleagues, clients, and partner institutions. While this diversity enriches organizational practice, it also generates recurring communication challenges that demand strong intercultural competence. In many small and medium-sized Spanish enterprises (SMEs), however, such competence is developed informally, without systematic training or organizational support. This study aims to examine how intercultural challenges emerge in everyday business interactions and to design a context-specific training model for SMEs operating in international education. A qualitative case study was conducted using semistructured interviews, focus groups, and nine months of participant observation within a Spanish SME.
Data were analyzed thematically to identify communication patterns, sources of intercultural tension, and existing informal learning practices. Findings show that cultural misunderstandings frequently disrupt collaboration and negotiation processes, leading to delays, strained relationships, and inconsistent responses to conflict. Although participants recognized the importance of cultural awareness, intercultural competence was rarely defined explicitly and was often acquired through trial-and-error rather than intentional professional development. Leadership emerged as a critical factor, yet managers themselves lacked structured preparation. Based on these insights, the study outlines key components of effective intercultural training and proposes a practice-oriented program integrating cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral dimensions of competence. The study concludes that intercultural competence must be developed systematically to strengthen international partnerships in Spanish SMEs. The proposed training model offers a feasible, context-sensitive solution with potential applicability to other
organizations operating in multicultural environments
Boletus edulis as a healthy and prized edible mushroom: analysis of bioactive compounds and in vitro functional properties
Full text linkBoletus edulis is a widely consumed edible mushroom, known for its high nutritional value and bioactive com pounds of interest. This study aimed to explore its potential bioactive properties by evaluating the inhibitory effects of B. edulis extract on key digestive enzymes and its antioxidant capacity through in vitro assays. For this purpose, an hydroethanolic extract of B. edulis was evaluated phytochemically and through in vitro bioassays for antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition. The extract contained 226 ± 3 mg of ergosterol/100 g, and phenolic compounds such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (501 ± 18 mg/100 g) and caffeoyl tryptophan (15 ± 1 mg/100 g), consistent with fungal species of functional interest. Cytotoxicity effects of the extract were assessed in HepG2 cells, and results showed no significant effect on the loss of cell viability. Furthermore, it showed antioxidant capacity, including superoxide radical scavenging, nitric oxide and intracellular ROS production as well as a moderate inhibition of metabolic enzymes such as α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 13 ± 1 mg/mL) and lipase (IC₅₀ = 25 ± 11 mg/mL), and the pro-inflammatory enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, with an approximate IC₅₀ value of 2.5 mg/mL. These results evidence a multi-targeted bioactive profile that could offer cumulative health benefits with regular consumption. However, further in vivo and clinical studies are necessary to confirm its potential as functional
food
Estudio de impacto social y económico de la Universidad San Jorge (2005-2025)
Full text linkEl Estudio de Impacto Social y Económico de la Universidad San Jorge (2005-2025) refleja cómo la Universidad San Jorge ha sido un motor para el desarrollo académico, científico y económico de Aragón, además de ser uno de los actores principales en la actividad social y cultural de la comunidad autónoma y un referente institucional como uno de los mayores empleadores de la región. Pero, además, evidencian su papel como agente transformador de la sociedad a través de la educación y fomentando valores como la sostenibilidad, la responsabilidad social y el compromiso con el bienestar de las personas y la formación a lo largo de su vida
Airway clearance techniques for people with acute exacerbation of COPD: a scoping review
Full text linkIntroduction Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) often involve mucus hypersecretion. Thus, management of sputum retention is critical. However, the use of airway clearance techniques (ACTs) in people with AECOPD across different healthcare settings and factors influencing their selection remain unclear.
Objective To identify and map ACTs used for AECOPD in different healthcare settings and the factors influencing clinical decision-making worldwide.
Methods Four electronic databases and grey literature were searched from 1995 to December 2023, with hand-searching of eligible records. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was followed.
Results 25 articles were included: 14 clinical studies, five guidelines/statements and six surveys/audits. Clinical studies reported the use of a wide range of single or combined ACTs, with no clear pattern in using particular ACTs in different parts of the world. Recent guidelines advise using ACTs for certain patients with AECOPD, particularly those with hypersecretion, with most guidelines recommending positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy. According to surveys, the most used ACTs in Australia and Europe are active cycle of breathing techniques, PEP or forced expiratory technique, while vibrations are most frequently used in Canada. Factors influencing the selection of specific ACTs include the presence of contraindications, level of dyspnoea, access to resources/equipment and ease of learning/performing the technique. All information was derived from hospital settings.
Conclusions This scoping review identified and mapped ACTs used for people with AECOPD worldwide and their decision-making factors. Future work should focus on community setting
Profecías en movimiento
Full text linkCreación de un videoclip haciendo uso del Concept Art y la animación 2D tradicional para la canción "Cassandra" de Taylor Swift