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El futuro del diseño: retos y oportunidades en la colaboración de la UX y la IA
Get PDFResultado de la lección inaugural del curso académico 2024-2025 de la Universidad San Jorge.El ser humano lleva décadas utilizando, en mayor menor medida, herramientas basadas en inteligencia artificial (IA) en diversas áreas, como recomendadores de contenido, procesamiento de imágenes médicas, asistentes virtuales, ayudas a la conducción, visión artificial y hasta en algo tan sencillo como retocar una fotografía. Sin embargo, la irrupción de inteligencias artificiales generativas (IAG) y chatbots conversacionales ha supuesto una disrupción significativa en el uso de esta tecnología
Cross-cultural leadership and negotiation and the role of the intercultural competence: Preliminary results from a study focused on the field of international education in Spain
Get PDFThis article, which presents the preliminary results of a case study focused on the field of international education in Spain, explores the effect of the cultural component in the development of agreements, negotiations and cooperations involving culturally diverse people. In particular, it examines the role of intercultural communication in relation to leadership and negotiation in intercultural business contexts and establishes the preliminary bases for the design of training proposals conducive to the development of intercultural competence in this setting. Considering the data collected, by means of a questionnaire completed by professionals from different companies in the industry, it seems that there is a correlation between success or failure in intercultural business relationships and the degree of intercultural competence of the professionals working in these contexts.El presente artículo, que presenta los resultados preliminares de un estudio de caso centrado en el sector de la educación internacional en España, estudia el efecto del componente cultural en el desarrollo de acuerdos, negociaciones y cooperaciones en los que participan personas culturalmente diversas. En concreto, examina el papel de la comunicación intercultural en relación con el liderazgo y la negociación en contextos empresariales interculturales y establece las bases preliminares para el diseño de propuestas formativas conducentes al desarrollo de la competencia intercultural en este contexto. Mediante un cuestionario cumplimentado por profesionales de distintas empresas del sector, se han obtenido datos que parecen evidenciar la existencia de una relación de correlatividad entre el éxito o el fracaso en las relaciones empresariales interculturales y el grado de competencia intercultural de los profesionales que trabajan en estos contextos
Cultural competence of undergraduate student nurses: a multicenter study
Get PDFObjective: to evaluate the level of cultural competence of an undergraduate nursing students’ population from four European higher education institutions. Method: a total of 168 nursing students from four different countries were included in our study. The study methodology involved a cross-sectional assessment of cultural competence among undergraduate nursing students from four European universities. Data collection included sociodemographic variables, as well as the following validated tools: the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale, the Cultural Competence Assessment Tool (student version) and the Cultural Awareness Scale. Results: our results indicated that students demonstrated a high level of intercultural sensitivity but a moderate level of cultural competence and cultural awareness. Variations existed among students from different countries, suggesting potential differences in educational approaches. Despite expectations that higher-level students would exhibit greater cultural competence, no significant differences were found by year of study, indicating a lack of effective integration of cultural competence into nursing curricula. Conclusion: nurse educators should consider the students’ cultural competence before designing related study programmes. Training programmes related to cultural competence should include elements which have been associated with enhanced cultural competence, including language skills, cultural encounter, and opportunities for internationalisation.Supported by European Program Erasmus+, Key Action 203 Strategic Partnerships for Higher Education (Line KA203), Grant #2018-1-ES01-KA203-050800
Comparing MDD and CcD in the Bug Localization Context: An Empirical Evaluation in Video Games
No full textThe development of video games usually involves two main methods: Code-centric Development (CcD) and Model-Driven Development (MDD). CcD uses code languages that provide more control but it requires more effort in order to deal with implementation details. MDD raises the abstraction level (avoiding implementation details) by means of software models that are transformed into code or interpreted at run-time. Raising the abstraction level favors the participation of non-technical roles such as level designers or artists that are essential for video game development. However, bug localization, which is crucial for identifying faults, is less explored in MDD despite its advantages. This work examines how MDD and CcD impact bug localization by using a commercial video game that has been released on PlayStation 4 and Steam. We compare bug localization in terms of performance, productivity, and user satisfaction. The results showed that bug localization in MDD led to higher satisfaction among subjects. However, the differences in performance or productivity depended on experience and favored CcD for professionals. Our findings suggest that bug localization practices performed suboptimally in models, indicating a knowledge gap in addressing bugs within MDD environments. With the rising popularity of MDD in video games, there is a need to explore alternative forms of bug localization for MDD.Partially supported by MINECO under the Project VARIATIVA (PID2021-28695OBI00) and by the Gobierno de Aragón (Spain) (Research Group S05_20D)
Temporary Use Toolkit. Tools for the reactivation of urban voids
Get PDFEuropean cities have countless unutilized or underused buildings. Many of them are part of a public heritage that cannot be maintained and, therefore, have become part of urban ruins deactivated from their life cycle. Faced with this situation, since the eighties, innovative strategies began to be developed that explored the temporary use of these buildings. This has required new forms of relations between public administrations and citizens, as well as other models of anagement and regulatory regulation. European institutions, very aware of this problem, are promoting projects aimed at promoting the reuse and reactivation of empty buildings through urban regeneration processes through the implementation of temporary uses. In this context, projects have been developed aimed at proposing strategies focused on the problem of disuse and underutilization. The Temporary Use Toolkit, intended for both public institutions and citizens, establishes a methodology that allows the complexity of processes to be addressed under a simplified sequential process.Las ciudades europeas tienen innumerables edificios en desuso o infrautilizados. Muchos de ellos forman parte de un patrimonio público que no puede ser mantenido y, por tanto, han pasado a formar parte de ruinas urbanas desactivadas de su ciclo de vida. Frente a esta situación, desde los años ochenta, se empezaron a desarrollar estrategias innovadoras que exploraban la utilización temporal de estos edificios. Esto ha exigido nuevas formas de relación entre las administraciones públicas y la ciudadanía, así como otros modelos de gestión y de regulación normativa. Las instituciones europeas, muy conscientes de este problema, están impulsando proyectos destinados a fomentar el re-uso y la reactivación de los edificios vacíos mediante procesos de regeneración urbana a través de la implementación de usos temporales. En ese contexto, se han desarrollado proyectos destinados a plantear estrategias enfocadas a la problemática del desuso y la infrautilización. El Temporary Use Toolkit, es un conjunto de ‘herramientas’ dirigido tanto a instituciones públicas como a la ciudadanía, que establece una metodología que permite abordar la complejidad de estos procesos mediante un sistema secuencial simplificado
Ictus: Prevención secundaria
Get PDFEl ictus es una enfermedad cardiovascular sobre la que se puede realizar una prevención secundaria centrada en reducir en un 80% el riesgo de sufrir un nuevo ictus.
La prevención secundaria se basa en un estilo de vida saludable a través de la realización de actividad física de forma regular.
Las personas que han tenido un ictus deben realizar actividad física moderada, vigorosa, ejercicios de fuerza y caminar siguiendo las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y reducir el tiempo que pasan sentados.
Disponer de esta información es clave para la población en materia de salud pública
Patient-managed interventions for adults with bronchiectasis: evidence, challenges and prospects
No full textBronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition which is characterised by recurrent chest
infections, chronic sputum production and cough, and limited exercise tolerance. While
bronchiectasis may be caused by various aetiologies, these features are shared by most
patients with bronchiectasis regardless of the cause. This review consolidates the existing
evidence on patient-managed interventions for adults with bronchiectasis, while also
outlining areas for future research. Airway clearance techniques and hyperosmolar agents
are key components of the bronchiectasis management and consistently recommended
for clinical implementation. Questions around their prescription, such as optimal
sequence of delivery, are still to be answered. Pulmonary rehabilitation and exercise are
also recommended for patients with bronchiectasis. Relatively strong evidence underpins
this recommendation during a clinically stable stage of the disease, although the role of
pulmonary rehabilitation following an exacerbation is still unclear. Additionally, selfmanagement
programmes feature prominently in bronchiectasis treatment, yet the lack of
consensus regarding their definition and outcomes presents hurdles to establishing a
cohesive evidence base. Moreover, cough, a cardinal symptom of bronchiectasis,
warrants closer examination. Although managing cough in bronchiectasis may initially
appear risky, further research is necessary to ascertain whether strategies employed in
other respiratory conditions can be safely and effectively adapted to bronchiectasis,
particularly through identifying patient responder populations and criteria where cough
may not enhance airway clearance efficacy and its control is needed. Overall, there is a
growing recognition of the importance of patient-managed interventions in the
bronchiectasis management. Efforts to improve research methodologies and increase
research funding are needed to further advance our understanding of these interventions,
and their role in optimising patient care and outcome
Effect of additional short sprint training on physical performance in adolescent male soccer players: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textPurpose: The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis (SRMA) was to evaluate the effects of additional short sprint training with different intervention training programs (i.e. plyometric training, strength training or multidirectional training) on linear sprint, change of direction speeds (CODS) and jump ability performance in young male soccer players. Methods: An electronic database search was performed, and 7 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Results: The players’ mean age ranged from 7.6 to 18.8 years. The duration of combined interventions was from three weeks to 10 months, with training frequency ranging from one to two sessions per week. In general, the results of the performance were associated with a large and significant reduction in the time of CODS (ES -1.60 (95% CI – 2.33, -.87), Z=4.32 (P< .001)]. Moreover,
the effects on vertical jump height showed a non-significant and small improvement between pre and post-test on the vertical jump performance [ES .45 (95% CI – .14, .75), Z=2.90 (P= .004)], with an average heterogeneity of I2 = 0%. Conclusions: The current SRMA suggests that although additional short sprint training may produce improvements in certain aspects of performance, efficacy varies depending on individual and training-specific factors
Atherosclerosis Prevalence among Different Physical Activity Patterns in Adult Men
No full textAbstract: Background: Physical activity (PA) intensity could play a key role in atherosclerosis risk, but´the existing literature shows controversial results. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of different PA levels with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in femoral and carotid arteries. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of 449 middle-aged men belonging to the Aragon Workers’ Health Study. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were obtained during the annual medical examination. Ultrasonography was used to assess the presence of atheroma plaques in femoral and carotid territories. Accelerometry was used to assess habitual PA. Participants were
categorized into vigorous PA (VPA) groups (0 min/week, >0–60 min/week, >60 min/week), and into moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) groups using terciles as cut-offs. Results: Compared with participants who completed 0 min/week of VPA, those participants who completed >60 min/week of VPA had fully adjusted odds of subclinical atherosclerosis of 0.47 (95%CI: 0.22, 0.99, p < 0.05) and 0.35 (95%CI: 0.17, 0.73, p < 0.05) for femoral and any territory (femoral and/or carotid) respectively. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of atheroma plaques in any vascular territory between the different MVPA groups. Conclusions: Performing more than 60 min/week of VPA is associated with reduced odds for subclinical atherosclerosis in femoral or any vascular territory in adult men
Effects of Melatonin Administration on Physical Performance and Biochemical Responses Following Exhaustive Treadmill Exercise
No full textExercise, despite being a beneficial activity for health, can also be a source of oxidative imbalance, which can lead to a decrease in performance. Furthermore, melatonin is an endogenous molecule that may counteract exercise-induced oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential ergogenic and antioxidant capacity of melatonin administered for a maximal effort test. A total of 30 rats were divided into three groups—control, exercise, and exercise + melatonin (intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg)—to assess the effects of an exhaustive incremental protocol in the two exercise groups (with and without melatonin) on the treadmill-running performance (final speed reached), lipid and protein oxidation markers (malondialdehyde + 4-hidroxyalkenals and carbonyl content, respectively), and cellular and mitochondrial membranes’ fluidity in skeletal muscle, brain, and liver tissues. Our results show an ergogenic effect of melatonin (31 ± 4 vs. 36 ± 4 cm/s), which may be due to its antioxidant properties being significantly stronger than its protective effect when performing increasing exercise on a treadmill until exhaustion. Melatonin reverted the membrane rigidity in the brain caused by exercise (with no effect on muscle or liver), prevented lipid oxidation in muscle, and prevented lipid and protein oxidation in the liver. Differences between tissues’ responses to exercise and melatonin need to be investigated in the future to elucidate other possible mechanisms that explain melatonin’s ergogenic effect