HAL Université de Toulouse, et Toulouse INP
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BSRPCA : A Simplified Blind Super-Resolved RPCA-Based Approach for Enhancing Blood Flow Estimation
No full textInternational audienceUltrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) offers great advances compared to conventional ultrasound imaging, enabling the reconstruction of microvascular structures with micrometer-scale precision. Most model-based localization approaches for ULMrelyonasequentialfive-stepframework, which complicates parameter tuning and results in intricate tissue filtering. In addition, insufficient consideration of point spread function (PSF) also affects the final results. End-toend data-driven solutions offer promising results yet require training data and ground-truths. In this study, we introduced a novel approach, based on computational super-resolution referred to as BSRPCA- Blind Super-Resolved Robust Principal Component Analysis, to address these challenges. Our method replaces the first three steps of the ULM process with a single super-resolution step. Experimental results on both in silico and in vivo datasets have proven the effectiveness of our method compared to the other benchmarks
The cross-correlation between soft X-rays and galaxies A new benchmark for galaxy evolution models
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents the construction and validation of complete stellar mass-selected, volume-limited galaxy samples using the Legacy Survey (data release 10) galaxy catalogs, covering deg of extra-galactic sky, and extending to redshift z<0.35. We measure the correlation function of these galaxies with tiny statistical uncertainties at the percent level and systematic uncertainties up to 5%. A 4-parameter halo occupation distribution (HOD) model is fitted to retrieve the population of host halos, yielding results on the stellar to halo mass relation consistent with the current models of galaxy formation and evolution. Using these complete galaxy samples, we measure and analyze the cross-correlation (X-corr) between galaxies and all soft X-ray photons observed by SRG/eROSITA in the 0.5-2 keV band over deg. The cross correlation measurements have unprecedented sub-percent statistical uncertainty and ~5-10% systematic uncertainty. An extension to the halo model is introduced to interpret the X-corr, decomposing contributions from X-ray point sources, hot gas (CGM), satellites, and the 2-halo term. For low stellar mass thresholds (\log M^*/M_{\odot}> 10, 10.25, 10.5), we find that the point source emission dominates the X-corr at small separation (r<80kpc). Then, in the range (Mpc), the 2-halo term becomes dominant. Interestingly, there is no scale at which the CGM dominates. In the range ($2
Hepatic Transcriptome Alterations of Xenopus Laevis Following Multi-Route Exposure to Graphene Oxide: Focus on the Cell Cycle
No full textInternational audienceGraphene-based nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO), exhibit unique properties that have driven their widespread use in industrial and medical applications. However, the potential release of GO into aquatic ecosystems throughout its life cycle raises the need for comprehensive ecotoxicological risk assessments to ensure its safe use. Amphibians, highly sensitive to environmental contaminants, have been studied for various toxic effects of GO, including genotoxicity, primarily at the larval stage through direct exposure. This study expands the scope by investigating the combined effects of direct and trophic GO exposure on post-metamorphic Xenopus laevis, focusing on hepatic transcriptomic analysis to explore GO's mechanisms of action on a critical organ involved in metabolism, erythropoiesis, and detoxification. To simulate realistic exposure scenarios, dipteran larvae were exposed to varying GO concentrations for 24 hours before being introduced as prey for juvenile Xenopus. The amphibians consumed GO-laden larvae while simultaneously being exposed to GO in the water column. mRNA was extracted from the whole liver of Xenopus after 24 and 96 hours and sequenced using high-throughput technologies to investigate transcriptomic profiles and identify GO-affected biological pathways. Differential gene expression analyses, coupled with gene ontology functional annotations, revealed transcriptomic disruptions induced by GO at concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/L, which are environmentally relevant. After 96 hours of exposure, the results suggested that GO primarily affects lipid and sugar metabolism as well as cell cycle regulation mechanisms. This was further confirmed by flow cytometry analysis of the cell cycle in erythrocytes, which showed an increase in mitotic cells, potentially indicating compensatory mechanisms in response to hypoxic conditions caused by GO. This study highlights multiple pathways of disruption in organisms exposed to GO under realistic conditions. The findings emphasize the need for long-term and multi-generational studies to fully assess the ecological impact of these nanomaterials and avoid underestimating their effects in aquatic ecosystems
Gas bubble dynamics
No full textInternational audienceThe study of gas bubble dynamics in liquids is justified by the numerous applications and natural phenomena where this two-phase flow is encountered. Gas bubbles move as forces are applied to them; their dynamics are full of nuances that need to be addressed carefully. Since the mass of gas bubbles is practically negligible, in comparison to that of the surrounding liquid, their reaction to the fluid is controlled by the added mass acceleration and is thus impacted by all the forces arising from the fluid action. Furthermore, since their surface can be deformed by the same forces acting on them, their shape may change, leading to changes in their resistance to move and the drag force and therefore affecting their speed and their interaction with the surrounding flow, which is often turbulent. The liquid rheology, as well as its surfactant content, can also affect the bubble shape and motion. Understanding these issues, in addition to the effect of interactions with other bubbles, walls, and nonuniform flows, provides sufficient elements to model and predict bubble behavior through the solution of dynamic equations. In this review the key aspects of noncondensable gas bubble dynamics are covered. Classical references on the subject are surveyed, and an overview of the main findings in the past 20 years is provided. The review concludes with a scope and suggestions for future research directions, with special attention paid to the dynamics of bubbles in turbulence, in non-Newtonian fluid, and/or in the presence of electrolytes
Détection de QTL de résistance à la Pasteurellose
No full textInternational audiencePasteurellosis is the first cause of female mortality in rabbit farms. During the RELAPA project, 964 rabbits were inoculated at 6 weeks of age with a pyogenic strain of Pasteurella multocida and their response to the infection was monitored during 14 days. Various pasteurellosis resistance traits were registered. Among those rabbits, 921 were genotyped with the rabbit chip containing almost 200 000 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers. After quality control, 82,353 to 107,539 SNP (depending on the rabbit line) and 919 rabbits (from 137 to 175 rabbits per line) were retained for association analyses. The GWAS were performed using the GEMMA software, applying a mixed animal model with a linear regression on each SNP. In total, 93 SNP detected on 9 chromosomes and in 5 rabbit lines were associated with pasteurellosis resistance or pre-weaning growth.La pasteurellose est la première cause de mortalité des femelles en élevage cunicole. Lors du projet RELAPA, 964 lapins de 6 lignées ont été inoculés à l'âge de 6 semaines avec une souche pyogène de Pasteurella multocida et leur réponse à l'infection a été suivie pendant 14 jours. Différents caractères de résistance à la pasteurellose ont été enregistrés. Parmi ces lapins, 921 ont été génotypés avec la puce lapin contenant près de 200 000 marqueurs SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism). Après contrôle qualité, de 82 353 à 107 539 SNP ont été conservés suivant les lignées, et 919 lapins (de 137 à 175 lapins par lignées) ont été retenus pour les études d'association pangénomique. Le logiciel GEMMA a été utilisé, en appliquant un modèle mixte animal utilisant une régression linéaire pour chaque SNP. Au total, 93 SNP, répartis sur 9 chromosomes et dans 5 lignées, sont associés à des caractères de résistance à la pasteurellose ou de croissance pré-sevrage
Prognostic factors after therapeutic bronchoscopy for tracheo- or broncho-oesophageal fistulas: results from the EpiGETIF registry
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Treatment of malignant tracheo- or broncho-oesophageal fistulas (TOF) using therapeutic bronchoscopy (TB) is not standardised and its outcomes are poorly described. This study aimed to analyse the characteristics of patients treated with TB for a TOF and to identify prognostic factors.Methods: We analysed data from 96 patients undergoing TB for TOF entered in the EpiGETIF registry between January 2019 and December 2022.Results: The mean age was 61.4 years. Median survival after TB was 2.40 months (95% CI 1.81-3.32). Histology was mainly represented by oesophageal (72%) and lung (23%) cancers and did not influence prognosis (p=0.15), whereas smoking did (2.17 versus 3.32 months for nonsmokers, p=0.04). Patients with poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group >2) had shorter survival (1.99 versus 3.02 months, p=0.04). 69% of patients had already received oncologic treatment, with no difference in survival (3.02 versus 2.21 months for treatment-naive patients, p=0.14). Neither the localisation (trachea 61.5%, left main bronchus 34.4%, other 4.1%) nor the size of the fistulas (23% <5 mm, 20% 5-10 mm, 54% >10 mm) impacted survival (p=0.91 and p=0.83, respectively). An airway stent (AS) was placed in 92.7% of patients, mainly self-expanding metallic stents (45%). Patients treated with both an oesophageal stent and AS had a better prognosis than patients treated with an AS alone (2.88 versus 1.77 months, respectively, p=0.02).Conclusion: Survival of patients treated with TB for a TOF is very poor, and is impacted by smoking, performance status and the presence of an oesophageal stent
Tree-related microhabitat assemblages in boreal forests depend more on local environmental conditions and tree species than on tree size
No full textInternational audienceTree-related microhabitats (TreMs) are crucial for biodiversity, supporting thousands of species. Most TreM research has focused on temperate forests, prompting us to evaluate the TreM typology in the boreal biome. We aimed to: (i) identify factors influencing TreM occurrence on living trees, (ii) assess redundancy and complementarity of TreM supply among Scots pine, birch, and aspen in Fennoscandia, (iii) compare TreM occurrence between Fennoscandian and Canadian boreal forests, and (iv) determine the minimum sample size for assessing TreM diversity in large-scale inventories. We inventoried 1515 trees in long unmanaged forests across Fennoscandia and compared results with a Canadian dataset. Findings show that Scots pine, birch, and aspen support distinct and complementary TreM assemblages, emphasizing the importance of mixed stands for biodiversity. Over larger geographic areas, local plot context - including climate, disturbance history, and biotic/abiotic factors - was the main driver of TreM occurrence. Unlike temperate forests, tree diameter was not a significant driver in boreal forests. The variability of TreM assemblages within the boreal biome underscores the need for large sample sizes to accurately assess TreM diversity. Sampling 1000 trees is sufficient to assess the seven TreM forms, while a larger sample is required to capture all fifteen TreM groups
: Petite réflexion sur un grand enjeu dans la recherche en sciences sociales.
No full textDe la socioanalyse bourdieusienne au travail de réflexivité en sociologie clinique.Petite réflexion sur un grand enjeu dans la recherche en sciences sociales.</div
RNA-Seq data provide new insights into the molecular regulation of breast muscle glycogen reserves, a key factor in muscle function and meat quality in chickens
No full textInternational audienceResearch is needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms that influence muscle glycogen reserves in chickens due to their critical influence on muscle function and meat quality. In this study, breast muscle RNA sequencing data (RNA-Seq) were used to compare the transcriptomic profile of two original chicken lines divergently selected for breast muscle ultimate pH, which is a proxy for glycogen reserves. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of muscle and jejunum RNA-Seq data was also performed to highlight biological processes specifically involved in the gut-muscle dialogue that may contribute to the divergence in glycogen reserves between the two lines. Breast muscle RNA-Seq analysis of 4-week-old birds from the 15th generation of selection, in which glycogen reserves in the pHu-line were twice as high as that in the pHu+ line, revealed 2676 differentially expressed genes (Padj <= 0.05). Functional analysis of the genes overexpressed in the pHu-line highlighted enrichment in processes related to energy production from a wide range of substrates and pathways, as well as to processes involved in development of blood and lymph tissue. Diverse processes were enriched for genes overexpressed in the pHu+ line: muscle development and remodeling, lipid metabolism, immune response and inflammation, which suggested molecular changes much larger than those for carbohydrate metabolism. WGCNA revealed 64 modules of co-expressed genes. One, which contained 30 % genes expressed in the jejunum and 70 % genes expressed in the muscle, was correlated (P <= 0.05) with muscle glycogen reserves and several indicators of intestinal anatomy and health. Functional analysis of it showed an enrichment of processes related to transmission of nerve information and tissue oxygenation that seem to be involved in the gut-muscle dialogue that mediates establishment of breast muscle glycogen reserves. Finally, the study found that transcriptional regulations observed in muscle of the pHu+ line were similar to those in muscle afflicted with "wooden breast", which highlighted a dysfunction of mitochondrial metabolism and suggested several potential gene markers for both conditions
The Lichenophanes Lesne, 1899 of the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae)
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a description of a new Western-Palaearctic species of beetles of the horned powderpost beetle family. The new species is found in the eastern part of the Mediterranean subregion and has been identified in Crete, Cyprus, and also the eastern part of Syria. Morphological analyses showed that the specimens of L. varius occurring in Crete, Cyprus, and the Middle East significantly differ from the specimens inhabiting the continental part of Europe. In connection with the above, it was suggested that a new subspecies be created for L. varius. Also, while analyzing the morphology of L. carinipennis specimens from East Asia, some differences were noted between those coming from the Oriental and those from the Palaearctic parts. In this case, tropical specimens were reinstated as a separate species. To sum up, in the Western Palaearctic, there are three species and one subspecies; in the Eastern Palaearctic, there is one species; and in the Oriental area, there is also one species of the genus Lichenophanes. All the species are presented in color macrophotographs, and maps showing the distribution of particular species are also included. The final part of this paper includes keys for the identification of the studied species