HAL Université de Toulouse, et Toulouse INP
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Stéréotypes et représentations sociales du vieillissement chez les soignants et les personnes âgées.
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Paleo-Scours Within the Layered Sulfate-Bearing Unit at Gale Crater, Mars: Evidence for Intense Wind Erosion
No full textInternational audienceThe surface of modern Mars is largely shaped by wind, but the influence of past wind activity is less well constrained. Sedimentary rocks exposed in the lower foothills of Aeolis Mons, the central mound within Gale crater, record a transition from predominantly lacustrine deposition in the Murray formation to aeolian deposition in the Mirador formation. Here, we report a series of enigmatic decameter-wide, concave-up scour-and-fill structures within the Mirador formation and discuss their formation mechanisms. Using panoramic images of stratigraphy exposed in cliff faces acquired by the Curiosity rover, we map the extent, distribution and orientation of the scour-and-fill structures and document the sedimentary facies within and surrounding these structures. The scours are grouped into two classes: (A) scours with a simple, symmetric morphology and light-toned, draping infill; and (B) scours with lateral pinching and dark-toned infill. We find that the scour-enclosing environment is composed of planar, even-in-thickness laminations with a pin-stripe pattern which we interpret as wind-ripple strata formed within an aeolian sandsheet environment. Class B contains cm-scale cross-bedding and a wing-shaped feature making this scour-and-fill structure consistent with fluvial processes. We interpret scour fill of class A as an aeolian infill due to similarities with the surrounding sandsheet strata. The broad morphologies and distribution of class A are also consistent with the geometry of blowout structures formed by localized, enhanced wind deflation. These paleo-blowout structures occur clustered within the same stratigraphic interval, which may imply that they record an interval of intensified wind activity at Gale crater
The MACIV multiscale seismic experiments in the French Massif Central (2023-2027): deployment, data quality and availability
No full textInternational audienceIn the framework of the MACIV project, a consortium of French laboratories has deployed a temporary seismic network of 100 broadband stations in the French Massif Central (FMC) for 3-4 years (2023-2027). The project aims at imaging the crust and upper mantle of the FMC to better assess the sources of volcanism, and the impacts of the Variscan inheritance or the Cenozoic rift system on volcanic systems. A large-scale array of 35 broadband stations covers the entire FMC and complements the permanent networks to reach a homogeneous coverage with ~35 km spacing. This network, with XP code, is the French contribution to AdriaArray. The XP array is complemented with 3 quasi-linear north-south, east-west and northwest-southeast profiles with inter-station spacing of 5-20 km, making up the XF network of 65 stations. The profiles cross volcanic areas and the main Variscan structures. We describe the experimental setup designed to optimize the performance/cost ratio and minimize the number of field visits, the deployment, the state-of-health monitoring, the data management and the data quality control strategies, outcomes of our 15-years' experience with major temporary seismic experiments in France and neighboring countries, including AlpArray. We also show some preliminary results including hypocenter locations and receiver function analysis. The 2 broadband arrays will be supplemented in 2025 by a month-long deployment of 3 large-N dense arrays of 625 3-C short-period nodes. These dense arrays will complete our multi-scale seismic experiment and illuminate active faults and possible plumbing systems of the youngest volcanoes
Spin-state effect on the efficiency of a post-synthetic modification reaction on a spin crossover complex
No full textInternational audienceThe spin state of a metal center significantly influences the catalytic activity of its complex, a phenomenon so crucial that it has led to the dedicated field of spin catalysis. Here we investigate the effect of the spin state of an iron-based metal complex on the organic reactivity of its ligands. Specifically, we examined the post-synthetic modification of the spin crossover (SCO) complex [Fe(NH2trz)3](NO3)2 with p-anisaldehyde. A series of experiments were performed to study the transformation of the amino groups depending on the spin state of the metal. Owing to the wide thermal hysteresis loop of the SCO complex, both spin states were compared under identical conditions. The results revealed that the high-spin state led to the formation of 1.34 times more imine functional groups than the low-spin state, we propose that this arises from the different interactions between the solvent and the SCO at the different spin states
: Prologue to Jean Cartelier's monetary theory: Steuart, Keynes and Schumpeter
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this article is to carry out a reflexive and retrospective study to identify the theoretical roots of Jean Cartelier's monetary theory. Starting with the works of the authors who represent monetary analysis and whom Cartelier quotes most often in his work (Steuart, Keynes and Schumpeter), we show to what extent Cartelier draws inspiration from them or departs from them. Starting with the three key assumptions (or postulates) of monetary analysis (unit of account, disequilibrium reasoning and endogeneity of the money supply), we'll see how consistent and coherent monetary or nominal analysis is. We shall see that the convergence between Cartelier's work and that of the three aforementioned authors is very strong as regards endogenous money and the analysis of the disequilibrium economy. The point on which Cartelier stands out most clearly concerns the logical implications of the unit-of-account postulate.L’objet de cet article est de réaliser étude réflexive et rétrospective pour identifier les racines théoriques de la théorie monétaire de Jean Cartelier. En partant des travaux des auteurs qui représentent l’analyse monétaire et que Cartelier cite le plus souvent dans ses travaux (Steuart, Keynes et Schumpeter), nous montrons dans quelle mesure Cartelier s’en inspire ou s’en éloigne. En partant des trois hypothèses fondamentales de l’analyse monétaire (unité de compte, raisonnement en déséquilibre et endogénéité de l’offre de monnaie), nous pourrons voir quel est le degré d’homogénéité et de cohérence de l’analyse monétaire ou nominale. Nous verrons que la convergence entre les travaux de Cartelier et ceux des trois auteurs précités est très forte en ce qui concerne la monnaie endogène et l’analyse de l’économie en déséquilibre. Le point sur lequel Cartelier se démarque le plus nettement concerne les implications logiques du postulat de l’unité de compte
Aspiration pneumonia guidelines – Société de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Française 2025
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Des données géologiques à l’expérience des atmosphères primitives
No full textInternational audienceL’enjeu était de faire sentir que l’air que nous respirons est relativement récent au regard de l’histoire de la Terre (16 millions d’années). Il s’agissait de montrer le caractère intuitivement choquant entre le temps long des processus géologiques de la Terre et la rapidité des modifications qu’entraînent les activités humaines sur le climat, depuis 2,5 siècles. Mais surtout, il était question de faire respirer l’air, sa préciosité et son histoire. Ainsi, la démarche de création s'est effectuée en étroite collaboration avec des chercheur.e.s en sciences de la Terre. Les données recueillies ont été traduites, puis interprétées par l’équipe artistique pour les transmettre au public à travers un dispositif artistique et par un dispositif plus didactique. Dans un espace dit “sensible” nous avons cherché à retracer, par l’immersion sensorielle (sons, odeurs,lumière, sable…) la traversée de ces temps géologiques, afin de prendre conscience du fragile équilibre des conditions qui permettent de rendre respirable l’air que nous respirons. Ce dispositif sensible invitait le spectateur à vivre l’expérience des atmosphères pré- et post- anthropocènes, marquées par leur irrespirabilité pour les humains. Par ailleurs, l’exposition dans ce lieu destiné ni à la science, ni à l’art, avait une autre vocation, celle de transmettre au public divers les données et informations collectées lors d’échanges pluridisciplinaires, permettant de partager les hypothèses sur les scénarios passés et futurs des atmosphères. Ainsi, nous avons recréé plusieurs compositions atmosphériques qui ont recouvert la Terre. Nous avons aussi expliciter les différentes périodes et transformations terrestres comme les cycles de glaciation ou les fluctuations de l’oxygène par des dispositifs sensoriels à manipuler. En matérialisant l'irrespirabilité des premières atmosphères terrestres, l'exposition invitait à expérimenter une réalité inconnue, anhistorique, questionnant notre impact sur la planète, pour des millions d’années à venir
Derivation of the bacterial run-and-tumble kinetic model : quantitative and strong convergence results
No full textInternational audienceDuring the past century, biologists and mathematicians investigated two mechanisms underlying bacteria motion: the run phase during which bacteria move in straight lines and the tumble phase in which they change their orientation. When surrounded by a chemical attractant, experiments show that bacteria increase their run time as moving up concentration gradients, leading to a biased random walk towards favorable regions. This observation raises the following question, which has drawn intense interest from both biological and mathematical communities:what cellular mechanisms enable bacteria to feel concentration gradients ? In this article, we investigate an asymptotic regime that was proposed to explain this ability thanks to internal mechanisms. More precisely, we derive the run-and-tumble kinetic equation with concentration's gradient dependent tumbling rate from a more comprehensive model, which incorporates internal cellular mechanisms. Our result improves on previous investigations, as we obtain strong convergence towards the gradient dependent kinetic model with quantitative and formally optimal convergence rates. The main ingredient consists in identifying a set of coordinates for the internal cellular dynamics in which concentration gradients arise explicitly. Then, we use relative entropy methods in order to capture quantitative measurement of the distance between the model incorporating cellular mechanisms and the one with concentration gradient dependent tumbling rate
Integer and Constraint Programming for the Offline Nanosatellite Partition Scheduling Problem
No full textInternational audienceEffective scheduling of tasks for nanosatellites is essential, given their limited onboard resources and capabilities. In a typical nanosatellite mission, the onboard computer has to run payload tasks linked to the mission objective, such as observations and measurements for science campaigns, but also communication and avionic tasks needed for navigation and safety. We consider a partitioned real-time system where a partition is a job that embeds a set of elementary tasks implementing one of the above-described functions. The offline nanosatellite partition scheduling problem consists in scheduling a set of partitions on a single core processor within a fixed time frame that will be repeated cyclically, while maximizing the number and duration of scheduled payload partitions. The paper first establishes similarities and differences with related scheduling problems. We then prove that the problem is strongly NP-hard. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) matheuristic and a Constraint Programming (CP) model are proposed. We compare the MILP and CP approaches in a multi-objective context and demonstrate the relevance of the latter to solve the problem efficiently both on randomly generated instances and on a real nanosatellite case study of the University Space Center of Toulouse: the NIMPH project. The CP model is embedded in NanoSatScheduler, an open source software with a user interface designed for the offline nanosatellite partition scheduling problem. For the NIMPH real-case study, the proposed solution outperforms the semi-manual approach used so far. As a result, the NIMPH team has adopted NanoSatScheduler as an operational tool for their mission
Exploring Statistical Isotropy in Planck Data Release 4: Angular Clustering and Cosmological Parameter Variations Across the Sky
No full textInternational audienceThe origin of small deviations from statistical isotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) - the so-called CMB anomalies - remains an open question in modern cosmology. In this work, we test statistical isotropy in Planck Data Release 4 (PR4) by estimating the temperature and -mode power spectra across independent sky regions. We find that the directions with higher local bandpower amplitudes in intensity are clustered for multipoles between 200 and 2000 with clustering probabilities consistently below 1% for all these scales when compared to end-to-end (E2E) Planck simulations; notably, this range extends beyond that reported in Planck Data Release 3 (PR3). On the other hand, no significant clustering is observed in the polarization -modes. In a complementary analysis, we search for dipolar variations in cosmological parameters fitted using the previously computed power spectra. When combining temperature and polarization power spectra, we identify a potential anomaly in the amplitude of the primordial power spectrum, , with only 5 out of 600 simulations exhibiting a dipole amplitude as large as that observed in the data. Interestingly, the dipole direction aligns closely with the known hemispherical power asymmetry, suggesting a potential link between these anomalies. All other cosmological parameters remain consistent with expectations. Our findings highlight the need to further investigate these anomalies and understand their nature and potential implications for better understanding of the early Universe