HAL Université de Toulouse, et Toulouse INP
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Experimental analysis of bone marrow adipose tissue and bone marrow adipocytes : An update from the bone marrow adiposity society (BMAS)
No full textInternational audienceBone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is physiologically linked to bone and energy metabolism, endocrine regulation, hematopoiesis and cancer-related processes. A key challenge in the field is that methods for isolating BMAT or bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) are variable because there are no widely adopted standardized protocols. To generate awareness of this challenge and to establish uniformity in experimental approaches requiring isolation, storage and characterization of BMAT and BMAds, the Biobanking Working Group of the international Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) has previously recommended experimental standards. This paper provides an update on this effort and presents current state-of-the-art methods and technical considerations for isolation and characterization of BMAT and BMAds, including currently available high-throughput omics approaches. This review provides a reference point based on the consensus view of BMAS investigators to support studies on biomedical, biological, biochemical and biophysical questions associated with bone marrow adiposity
Effect of low-pressure nitrogen afterglow on surface and mechanical properties of agave americana fibers
No full textInternational audienceLow-pressure N₂ afterglow treatment's impact on Agave americana fibers' (AAFs) surface and mechanical properties was investigated. AAFs were exposed to a N₂ microwave afterglow at 100 W during 5 and 15 minutes. Treatment effects were evaluated through surface morphology and mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a roughened surface due to afterglow-induced etching. Mechanical tests demonstrated increased elastic modulus and tensile strength, attributed to surface cleaning and removal of amorphous deposits. X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses supported these findings. This study suggests the potential of low pressure afterglows as a promising approach for AAFs surface activation and improved adhesion in polymer composites
Modélisation thermique et contrôle de l'exothermie de polymérisation d'une résine thermoplastique réactive dans le procédé de pultrusion
No full textInternational audienceDans le procédé de pultrusion réactive, la température des composites et le degré de conversion de la matrice sont fortement couplés. Dans le cas de la matrice acrylique Elium®, la cinétique de polymérisation rapide, très exothermique, et caractérisée par un effet Trommsdorff marqué nécessite une parfaite maîtrise du régime thermique. Cette étude numérique vise ainsi à développer un modèle du procédé de pultrusion en couplant les équations du transfert thermique avec la cinétique de polymérisation de la résine. Ce modèle développé sur COMSOL Multiphysics permet d’analyser l’impact de la cinétique spécifique de la résine Elium® sur le régime thermique et d’analyser l’influence des différentes paramètres procédés et matériaux sur l’évolution de la température et le taux de conversion. Il apparaît que la résistance thermique de contact entre le composite et l’outillage est un facteur affectant significativement le régime thermique
Anthropogenic pressures driving the salinity intrusion in the Guadalquivir Estuary: Insights from 1D Numerical Simulations
No full textInternational audienceThe study presents a dynamic analysis of the present day behavior of salinity concentration in the Guadalquivir estuary and evaluates the impact of anthropogenic pressures on the dynamics of the horizontal salinity gradient. A one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic model with an advection and dispersion module is used to study the effects of human pressure involved in the salinity concentration along the estuary. The observations, which correspond to continuous measurements taken during different oceanographic campaigns from 2021 to 2023, show an excessive salt intrusion in the estuary (with salinities of 5 psu at 60 km from the mouth) as compared to the idealized situation when anthropogenic water withdrawals are absent. This highlights the need to include a water withdrawal term in the simulations to accurately reproduce the system's real behavior, thereby reflecting the magnitude of anthropogenic pressures. The model successfully reproduces the observations when this forcing factor is included. Under constant low flow conditions, experiments show that increasing water withdrawals leads to an increase in the horizontal salinity gradient upstream. Similarly, under constant water withdrawal conditions, a decrease in the horizontal salinity gradient is observed when freshwater flows exceed 40 m³ s -1 . Variations in anthropogenic pressures, such as water withdrawals for agriculture or saline industry and reductions in freshwater flow, play a fundamental role in the evolution of salinity along the estuary. Under the current circumstances, the Guadalquivir estuary requires an urgent regulation of these uses in order to avoid further damage on the aquatic ecosystems. 1.IntroductionEstuaries are considered one of the most valuable and threatened ecosystems in the world (Lopes et al., 2024). Under optimal conditions, estuary mouths are biologically more productive than rivers and adjacent ocean zones because of the high concentration of nutrients that stimulates higher primary productivity (Miranda et al., 2017). The characteristics of estuarine communities are strongly and directly linked to physical parameters, such as temperature, turbidity, and salinity (Dauvin, 2008). These coastal regions play a key role in supporting significant socioeconomic and environmental activities, serving as</div
Modeling the PAX5P80R Mutation Reveals HIF2α Activation as a Common Feature and Therapeutic Target in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
No full textInternational audienceAbstract The transcription factor PAX5 is a major target of genetic alterations in human B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Among the alterations, the P80R mutation affecting the DNA-binding domain represents the most frequent PAX5 point mutation in B-ALL. In contrast to other somatic PAX5 mutations, PAX5P80R defines a distinct B-ALL subtype characterized by a unique transcriptional program. In this study, we aimed to develop a model to elucidate the mechanism by which PAX5P80R perturbs normal B-cell differentiation and the oncogenic relays involved in PAX5P80R-driven malignant progression. A retroviral complementation approach of Pax5-deficient murine fetal liver cells demonstrated at the functional and molecular levels that PAX5P80R failed to rescue definitive B-cell commitment but maintained the repression of T-cell development. Moreover, PAX5P80R eventually led to clonal B-ALL transformation after transplantation through the acquisition of secondary mutations in genes involved in the JAK/STAT and RAS/MAPK pathways. Finally, transcriptomic analyses combined with pharmacologic investigation revealed ectopic activation of HIF2α as a common feature of B-ALL and identified acriflavine as a potent drug against B-ALL. Hence, this study provides a strategy to model the multistep process of B-ALL and sheds light on the biological mechanism by which the PAX5P80R mutation leads to leukemia. Significance: PAX5P80R perturbs normal B-cell development, leads to clonal transformation, and activates HIF2α as an oncogenic relay, providing mechanistic insights that could improve treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Predicting energy-dependent transformation products of environmental contaminants: the case of ibuprofen
No full textInternational audienceThe environmental pollution caused by emerging organic contaminants - such as ibuprofen - is becoming increasingly a cause for alarm. New treatments for their removal are currently being developed, but the nature and toxicity of the transformation products (TPs) formed during the processes cannot be easily assessed experimentally. Atomistic simulations are thus of great interest in predicting the chemical structure of these TPs. In this work, we have demonstrated that the transformation of a contaminant molecule under irradiation can be studied using the threshold algorithm combined with the density functional based tight-binding (DFTB) method. The fragmentation pathways of an ibuprofen molecule under irradiation have been studied as a function of the energy added to the system. Specifically, the chemical structures of ibuprofen's TPs, the paths between them, their stabilities, probabilities of occurrence, and the related mass spectra were obtained as a function of the amount of energy absorbed. We also simulated the evolution of the ibuprofen molecule as a function of the number of pulses, i.e., for a sequence of energy depositions. A dominant fragmentation scheme was identified, where first the OH group is released, followed by the loss of the CO group. The photon energy and the number of pulses were found to be key parameters for the selection of this degradation route among all identified fragmentation pathways
Lettre ouverte de professionnels de la santé publique et mentale et de neurobiologistes pour mettre fin à la famine provoquée par l’homme à Gaza
No full textNous, professionnels de la santé publique et mentale et chercheurs en neurosciences du monde entier, appelons les gouvernements internationaux à faire pression sur le gouvernement israélien pour qu'il se conforme à l’avis de la Cour Internationale de Justice (CIJ) du 22/10/2025 demandant de faciliter l’acheminement de l’aide humanitaire à Gaza (1), et ainsi mettre fin à la famine qui y sévit. Cette famine, qui selon l’ONU est provoquée par l'homme, risque d'avoir des conséquences dramatiques à long terme sur la santé physique et mentale de la population civile, en plus des décès immédiats. Tout en condamnant clairement toutes les attaques contre les civils des deux côtés, nous considérons que ce double prix payé par la population civile palestinienne ne peut être moralement ni légalement acceptable en tant que stratégie de représailles
Putative cutaneous adverse drug reaction suspected to be secondary to drug excipient and responding to brand change of pimobendan in a dog with hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme
No full textInternational audienceAbstract A 16‐year‐old, spayed, female mixed terrier dog was presented with a 4‐month history of hyperkeratotic, pigmented raised papules and plaques. Histopathological examination of skin biopsies revealed a hyperplastic panepidermal cytotoxic lymphocytic dermatitis compatible with hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme. The patient had started treatment with pimobendan 2 weeks before the appearance of the lesions. A brand change of pimobendan resulted in complete healing of the lesions within 3 weeks without any treatment. This case highlights the importance of considering excipients as potential sources of cutaneous adverse drug reactions
One-Shot Learning in Hybrid System Identification: A New Modular Paradigm
No full textInternational audienceIdentification of hybrid systems requires learning models that capture both discrete transitions and continuous dynamics from observational data. Traditional approaches follow a stepwise process, separating trace segmentation and mode-specific regression, which often leads to inconsistencies due to unmodeled interdependencies. In this paper, we propose a new iterative learning paradigm that jointly optimizes segmentation and flow function identification. The method incrementally constructs a hybrid model by evaluating and expanding candidate flow functions over observed traces, introducing new modes only when existing ones fail to explain the data. The approach is modular and agnostic to the choice of the regression technique, allowing the identification of hybrid systems with varying levels of complexity. Empirical results on benchmark examples demonstrate that the proposed method produces more compact models compared to traditional techniques, while supporting flexible integration of different regression methods. By favoring fewer, more generalizable modes, the resulting models are not only likely to reduce complexity but also simplify diagnostic reasoning, improve fault isolation, and enhance robustness by avoiding overfitting to spurious mode changes
Prevention and management of PARP inhibitor-related haematological toxicities in prostate cancer: French expert opinion using the Delphi method
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Haematological toxicities (anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia), a known class effect of poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) may limit exposure to PARPi and therefore impact efficacy.Objective: This study aimed to provide practical and detailed recommendations for the prevention and management of these toxicities in metastatic prostate cancer in the real world.Design: A national consensus study was performed using a modified Delphi methodology.Methods: A multidisciplinary steering committee of 9 French experts formulated and submitted 38 statements to the vote of 33 French healthcare professionals experienced in oncology and PARPi in prostate and/or breast/ovarian cancers.Results: All recommendations achieved a consensus. Before initiating PARPi, haematological disorders should be investigated and appropriate corrective measures implemented. The haemoglobin level should ideally be >= 10 g/dl and a minimum delay of 4 weeks should be respected after chemotherapy. Monitoring should be frequent for the first 3 months of treatment, at least every 15 days, and even more frequent in patients at high-risk of toxicity. In the event of symptomatic grade 2 or 3 anaemia, grade 2 or 3 thrombocytopenia and grade 3 neutropenia, PARPi treatment should be discontinued until return to grade 1. Transfusion may be considered in symptomatic grade 2 or 3 anaemia. Myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukaemia should be suspected in cases of cytopenia persisting beyond 4 weeks or changes in the blood count after maintenance of an optimal therapeutic dose over the long term.Conclusion: These proposals complement existing recommendations to guide healthcare professionals in real-world practice, and so optimise metastatic prostate cancer patient's ability to maximally benefit from PARPi