HAL Université de Toulouse, et Toulouse INP
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Créations de vidéos pédagogiques : La luxation sacro-iliaque et la fracture du col de l’ilium
No full textThe aim of this study was to design teaching aids for learning surgical techniques as part of the orthopaedic CES. Two types of injury were addressed: sacroiliac luxation and iliac neck fracture. For the former, a video was produced to describe surgical approach to the sacrum and its reconstruction, accompanied by a slide show providing a visual support for the explanation of the procedure. For the iliac neck fracture, two separate videos were produced: one illustrating the surgical approach and reconstruction of the ilium, the second detailing the fracture fixation technique. These tools are designed to be presented by an instructor, whose comments are intended to facilitate understanding of the surgical procedures.Cette étude vise à concevoir des supports pédagogiques destinés à l’apprentissage des techniques chirurgicales dans le cadre du CES d’orthopédie. Deux types de lésions ont été abordés : la luxation sacro-iliaque et la fracture du col de l’ilium. Pour la première, une vidéo a été réalisée afin de présenter la voie d’abord du sacrum et la reconstruction, accompagnée d’un diaporama servant de support visuel à l’explication de la procédure. Concernant la seconde fracture, deux vidéos distinctes ont été produites : l’une illustrant l’abord chirurgical et la reconstruction de l’ilium, l’autre détaillant la technique de fixation de la fracture. Ces outils sont conçus pour être présentés par un intervenant, dont les commentaires visent à faciliter la compréhension des gestes opératoires
Pedagogical Extension of the Smart Object Concept for Embodied Conversational Agents
No full textInternational audienceThe concept of smart object, which emerged with the advent of virtual environments in the early 2000s, consists of equipping interactive objects with data enabling them to inform agents, users or non-player characters, about their use or interaction methods. This concept simplifies the scripting of non-player characters' behaviours by delegating and distributing part of their control in the objects. This way, it brings adaptability, modularity and robustness to behaviour. In this article, we describe how we have extended the concept of smart object by giving it a pedagogical scope. Doing so, we enable a virtual companion to behave autonomously in the informed environment, but also to take on a pedagogical role towards the learner. By exemplifying the benefits of this original architecture through three case studies based in a virtual factory, we demonstrate that the companion operates on any environment in a generic fashion, and furthermore adapts the training content to the learner's level of expertise
Towards a nuanced application of the established hierarchy integrating specific adaptations to nanomaterial risk management: comment on the article by Omari Shekaftik et al. (J Nanopart Res (2023) 25, 245) regarding an analysis of “hierarchy of controls” in workplaces and laboratories involving nanomaterials
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A candidate to the long sought optical counterpart to the Rapid Burster in the bulge fossil fragment Liller 1
No full textInternational audienceWe report on the possible identification of the optical counterpart of the Rapid Burster MXB 1730-335 in the stellar system Liller 1. The identification was performed by taking advantage of a set of images acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys in the optical band, and with the Gemini South Telescope in the near-infrared. The analysis of these images revealed the presence of a star with a position possibly compatible with the X-ray and radio band coordinates of the Rapid Burster, and showing significant optical variability. According to its location in the color-magnitude diagram, the candidate companion appears to belong to the young (~ 1-2 Gyr old) super-solar metallicity ([M/H]= +0.3) sub-population recently discovered in Liller 1. We discuss the main characteristics of the candidate counterpart and the Rapid Burster binary system as derived from the available data, also highlighting the need for further coordinated observations to solidly confirm their association and better clarify their physical properties
Kriging measure-valued data with sparse observations: application to nuclear safety studies
No full textThis work addresses the interpolation of probability measures within a spatial statistics framework. We develop a Kriging approach in the Wasserstein space, leveraging the quantile function representation of the one-dimensional Wasserstein distance. To mitigate the inaccuracies in semivariogram estimation that arise from sparse datasets, we combine this formulation with cross-validation techniques. In particular, we introduce a variant of the virtual cross-validation formulas tailored to quantile functions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a controlled toy problem as well as on a real-world application from nuclear safety
Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). First Euclid statistical study of the active galactic nuclei contribution fraction
No full textInternational audienceActive galactic nuclei (AGN) play a key role in galaxy evolution but are challenging to identify due to their varied observational signatures. Furthermore, understanding their impact requires quantifying their strength relative to their host galaxies. We developed a deep learning (DL) model for identifying AGN in imaging data by deriving the contribution of the central point source. Trained on Euclidised mock galaxy images with injected AGN levels, in the form of varying contributions of the point-spread function (PSF), our model can precisely and accurately recover the injected AGN contribution fraction , with a mean difference between the predicted and true of and an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.051. This method moves beyond binary AGN classification, enabling precise AGN contribution measurements. Applying our model to a stellar-mass-limited sample (, ) from the first \Euclid quick data release (Q1), we identify AGN over 63.1 deg (%) using a threshold of . We compare our DL-selected AGN with those identified in X-ray, mid-infrared (MIR), and optical spectroscopy and investigate their overlapping fractions depending on different thresholds on the PSF contribution. We find that the overlap increases with increasing X-ray or bolometric AGN luminosity. The AGN luminosity in the filter correlates with host galaxy stellar mass, suggesting faster supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth in more massive galaxies. Moreover, the mean relative contribution of the AGN is higher in quiescent galaxies than in star-forming ones. Starburst galaxies and the most massive galaxies (across the star-formation main sequence) tend to host the most luminous AGN, indicating concomitant assembly of the SMBH and the host galaxy
Structure and Dynamics of Self-Assembled Thermo-Associative PNIPAM–PDMA-PNIPAM Triblock Copolymers of High Molar Mass
No full textInternational audienceABA triblock copolymers with thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) side blocks and high molar mass (>500 kg/mol) poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) central blocks were characterized in aqueous solution. Rheological studies revealed that using a large PDMA central block allows thermo-induced gelation at concentrations as low as 1 wt % and temperatures ranging from 28 to 38 °C in pure water, depending on PNIPAM concentration. Their temperature-induced self-assembly process was studied by static light scattering. In the dilute regime, the copolymers formed flower-like micelles. At higher concentrations, they formed 1D flower necklaces, which percolated when the semidilute regime was reached. This loose network structure gave rise to viscoelastic liquid behaviors at temperatures close to the sol–gel transition in the unentangled semidilute regime, with gradually increasing relaxation times as temperature was increased
The role of early MRI in assessing the risk of local tumor progression following irreversible electroporation for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) triggers apoptosis instead of thermal coagulation, resulting in specific modifications within ablation zones. Aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI performed three days post-IRE (D3MRI). Methods: This single-institution retrospective study examined patients with HCC treated by IRE from 2012-2017. Criteria included no prior HCC treatment, available D3MRI and one-month MRI (M1MRI) without residual tumor and at least one follow-up MRI after 3 months. We measured the peripheral hyperemia (IREPZ) and central necrotic zone (IRECZ) in the ablation area along with the minimum thickness of IREPZ (min.Th/IREPZ) on both D3MRI and M1MRI. The duration of follow-up and instances of local tumor progression (LTP) were recorded. Results: Forty-eight patients (median age: 68 years) with 65 treated nodules (median diameter: 19 mm) were included. The median follow-up was 37 months. D3MRI median dimensions were 67 mm for IREPZ, 19 mm for IRECZ, and 5 mm for min.Th/IREPZ. LTP occurred in 25 nodules after 18 months. 52% had LTP at min.Th/IREPZ. A min.Th/IREPZ ≤ 5 mm on D3MRI indicated a 24-fold higher risk of LTP (95% CI [2.25-255.95], p < .01), conversely, the min.Th/IREPZ on M1MRI had no predictive value. Conclusion: D3MRI appears to be a valuable tool for assessing the true ablation margins in HCC nodules treated with IRE and for identifying potential sites of local recurrence. It may, therefore, be considered for integration into the follow-up protocol for patients undergoing IRE treatment for HCC. KEYPOINTIncluding an early MRI evaluation following electroporation of HCC nodules is beneficial for accurately measuring the size of the ablation zone and for anticipating potential sites of local recurrence.</div
Dynamic time series segmentation for health monitoring of hybrid systems
No full textInternational audienceMonitoring and diagnosing complex, real-world, industrial hybrid systems require accurate and up-to-date models that can adapt to evolving system behaviors. Such systems, characterized by both continuous and discrete dynamics, are best represented by hybrid models. In this article, we present the segmentation step of HyMED (Hybrid Model Enrichment for Diagnosis), a model-based health monitoring and diagnosis method that monitors hybrid systems and automatically updates the system model if necessary. HyMED uses noisy multivariate time series data to dynamically update models, addressing unanticipated degradations and faults. A key feature of HyMED is its online and passive segmentation step (ODS), which enables robust detection of system mode changes in complex, nonlinear time series. Unlike traditional segmentation methods, ODS dynamically determines its segmentation hyperparameters through an automatic parameter selection process. ODS guarantees adaptability without the need for manual adjustment. The effectiveness of HyMED's segmentation method is demonstrated through a case study on an engine timing system, where its performances are compared to the offline method depicted in the Ruptures library
Bovine Lymphocyte Intestinal Retention Defect (BLIRD): a novel recessive immunogenetic disorder in Holstein cattle
No full textInternational audienceDozens of missed recessive loci affecting homozygous carriers' life expectancy were recently reported. This article details the clinical, biological and pathological manifestations of a new bovine genetic disorder caused by the ITGB7 p.G375S point mutation in the French Holstein cattle breed (BLIRD: OMIA:002872-9913). Our thorough study involved database analysis of genotyped cattle and a series of case-control investigations of forty individuals homozygous for the causative variant. These variant homozygotes had a significantly shorter lifespan (fewer than 64% surviving past three years vs. 87% in control), along with reduced body weight, daily weight gain, and dairy performance. The mutation did not affect most biochemical parameters, but a marked lymphocytic leucocytosis, moderate eosinophilia and differences in faecal microbiota were observed. Although non-pathognomonic symptoms may be confused with those of common environmental diseases, the blood profile effectively identified suspected carriers who developed ill-thrift and poor growth as heifers. Our research demonstrates that the bovine ITGB7 p.G375S substitution leads to reduced longevity, poor condition and production in most homozygous carriers. Furthermore, this spontaneous model may help to refine the functions of the integrin β7 (ITGB7) in immune homeostasis and defence