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Multi-Scale Grouped Prototypes for Interpretable Semantic Segmentation
No full textInternational audiencePrototypical part learning is emerging as a promising approach for making semantic segmentation interpretable. The model selects real patches seen during training as prototypes and constructs the dense prediction map based on the similarity between parts of the test image and the prototypes. This improves interpretability since the user can inspect the link between the predicted output and the patterns learned by the model in terms of prototypical information. In this paper, we propose a method for interpretable semantic segmentation that leverages multi-scale image representation for prototypical part learning. First, we introduce a prototype layer that explicitly learns diverse prototypical parts at several scales, leading to multi-scale representations in the prototype activation output. Then, we propose a sparse grouping mechanism that produces multi-scale sparse groups of these scale-specific prototypical parts. This provides a deeper understanding of the interactions between multi-scale object representations while enhancing the interpretability of the segmentation model. The experiments conducted on Pascal VOC, Cityscapes, and ADE20K demonstrate that the proposed method increases model sparsity, improves interpretability over existing prototype-based methods, and narrows the performance gap with the non-interpretable counterpart models
How Digital Twins Can Improve the Design of Distributed Computing Frameworks
No full textInternational audienceThe design of distributed systems has evolved through various strategies for representing and accessing remote components, ranging from explicit message-passing and transparent remote function invocation to stubs, web-oriented APIs, and emerging approaches driven by technological advancements. This paper explores the advantages and limitations of these strategies and introduces a novel approach-the Idawi Digital Twinning System (IDST)-for distributed application design. IDST leverages the concept of digital twins to enhance the development of distributed systems. The paper details how IDST capitalizes on the inherent properties of digital twins, its benefits for distributed application development, and the IDAWI framework, an opensource Java reference implementation for IDST
Comme juriste (notamment internationaliste), de quoi parle-t-on en droit ?
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The effects of board cultural diversity on ESG performance: CAC-40 (France) vs OMX-30 (Sweden)
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ISOGENY GRAPHS OF ABELIAN VARIETIES AND SINGULAR IDEALS IN ORDERS
No full textFamously, Kohel proved that isogeny graphs of ordinary elliptic curves are beautifully structured objects, now called volcanos. We prove graph structural theorems for abelian varieties of any dimension with commutative endomorphism ring and containing a fixed locally Bass order, leveraging an ideal-theoretic perspective on isogeny graphs. This generalizes previous results, which relied on restrictive additional assumptions, such as maximal real multiplication, ordinary, and absolutely simple (Brooks, Jetchev, Wesolowski 2017). In particular, our work also applies to non-simple and non-ordinary isogeny classes. To obtain our results, we first prove a structure theorem for the lattice of inclusion of the overorders of a locally Bass order in an étale algebra which is of independent interest. This analysis builds on a careful study of local singularities of the orders. We include several examples of volcanoes and isogeny graphs exhibiting unexpected properties ultimately due to our more general setting
Light emission from a hybrid plasmonic-excitonic STM tunneling junction
No full textInternational audienceThis work focuses on light emission from the nanojunction formed by the tip and a surface in a Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) configuration. The nanojunction includes an ultrathin quantum well made of a single monolayer of a transition metal dichalcogenide material deposited on a gold surface. In this specific configuration, inelastic tunneling of electrons, induced by a bias voltage applied to the tip-surface gap of the STM, excites both Localized Surface Plasmon Polaritons (LSPPs) and excitons. These electromagnetic modes hybridize in this optical nanocavity, producing complex light emission spectra with both plasmonic and excitonic characteristics that depend on the tunneling parameters and the surface roughness. We model the luminescence process as radiative emission triggered by electron tunneling, and we estimate the quantum efficiency as the number of tunneling electrons required to initiate a single exciton recombination and subsequent photon emission. The calculated emission spectra describe the experimental observations well and allow for a thorough understanding of the fundamental physical processes behind light emission in a hybrid plasmonic-excitonic STM nanojunction
Influence of Growth Temperature and Scandium Concentration on the Surface Oxidation of ScAlN Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
No full textInternational audienceRecently, there has been a large interest in the ScAlN alloy, thanks to its various applications in high-frequency highpower, acoustoelectric, and ferroelectric devices. Nonetheless, these applications could be impaired by defects present in the ScAlN alloy, such as oxygen impurities, a very prevalent defect due to the high oxygen affinity of scandium. Recent trends in ScAlN growth such as lowering growth and increasing Sc content could have an effect in the appearance of these impurities. Considering this, we have studied the influence of growth temperature and Sc content in the surface oxide and oxygen content of ScAlN films grown by ammonia source molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and angle resolved-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Euclid: Quick Data Release (Q1) – Watching ICM-selected galaxy clusters with Euclid eyes - prospects of Euclid data in the context of large SZ and X-ray based surveys
No full textInternational audienceGalaxy clusters detected through their X-ray emission or Sunyaev--Zeldovich effect (SZE), both produced by the intra-cluster medium (ICM), are key probes in cosmological and astrophysical studies. To maximise the scientific return of such surveys, complementary data are required for cluster confirmation and redshift estimation. This is typically provided by wide-field optical and infrared surveys, which are increasingly challenged by ongoing and future ICM-selected samples. In particular, at high redshifts () probed by upcoming SZE-selected samples, current large surveys may be insufficient for reliable confirmation. Deep, high-resolution infrared surveys like Euclid will thus be essential for confirming most high-redshift clusters. We present an analysis of the first sizeable Euclid dataset (Q1), overlapping with several ICM-selected cluster samples. We apply an adaptation of the MCMF cluster confirmation tool to estimate key properties, including redshift and richness, and to predict Euclid's capabilities for high-redshift cluster confirmation. We find promising performance, particularly at high redshifts, while richness estimates at low redshifts () are currently limited by Q1 data quality but should improve with future releases. Using MCMF runs on random lines of sight, we predict that Euclid will confirm clusters at as effectively as current optical surveys at , significantly enhancing high-redshift confirmation. SZE-selected samples will thus greatly benefit from Euclid overlap. Among five known high- SZE clusters in Q1, we identify the highest-redshift jellyfish galaxy candidate to date, EUCLJ035330.86504347.6 in SPT-CLJ03535043 (), two massive star-forming galaxies near ACT-CLJ0350.04819 (), and strong lensing features in SPT-CLJ03535043 and SPT-CLJ04214845
L'adversité précoce et ses conséquences psychopathologiques peuvent-elles résulter sur un accroissement de l'hétérogénéité cognitive et faire le lien entre les conceptions divergentes du Haut Potentiel Intellectuel (HPI) ?
No full textThe question whether intellectual giftedness constitutes a risk or protective factor against socio-emotional and mental health difficulties remains debated, with two divergent views persisting in the literature. In this context, the first goal of this research was to determine whether Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including abuse and neglect, can explain these contrasting perspectives by distinguishing between gifted adults (Intelligence Quotient, IQ ≥ 130) experiencing difficulties and those who do not. Our second goal was to investigate whether ACEs are associated with increased cognitive heterogeneity, and whether this heterogeneity characterizes the most vulnerable gifted adults in terms of psychopathology and socio-emotional difficulties. To address these goals, 245 gifted adults (Mage = 41.71 years, MIQ = 137.87) and 205 control adults (Mage = 33.36, MIQ = 116.11) completed online questionnaires assessing ACEs, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), dissociation, anxiety, emotional regulation, and psychological well-being. Data on their neurocognitive profiles were also collected. The first part of our results shows that exposure to ACEs is strongly associated with higher levels of dissociation and trait anxiety. For example, an increase in the multiplicity of ACEs predicts higher levels of absorption in thoughts (ρ = .22, p < .001) and anxiety (ρ = .25, p < .001). Few significant correlations were found between ACEs and PTSD, emotional regulation, and psychological well-being. Moreover, higher IQ levels do not protect against these difficulties. In fact, higher Full-Scale IQs (FSIQ) tend to be associated with challenges such as increased impulsive behavior in response to negative emotions (ρ = .15, = .004), a reduced sense of control over one's environment (ρ = -.12, p = .028), and impaired social relationships (ρ = -.10, p = .046). Additionally, there was no association between IQ and anxiety. Consistently, multiple regression analyses indicate that ACEs contribute more strongly to the variance in socio-emotional and mental health difficulties scores than intelligence. The moderating effect of IQ on the relationship between early adversity and socio-emotional difficulties is partially confirmed, with both protective and aggravating effects observed. For example, FSIQ positively moderates the relationship between parental physical maltreatment and difficulties in effectively accessing emotional regulation strategies, and negatively moderates the relationship between sexual abuse and impulsive behavior. Finally, results indicate that emotional regulation difficulties are exacerbated in gifted adults with PTSD symptoms. The second part of our results shows that cognitive heterogeneity is not associated with early adversity or socio-emotional difficulties. The moderated mediation analyses did not support the hypothesis that cognitive heterogeneity could explain the relationship between ACEs and socio-emotional disorders, regardless of IQ level. Taken together, our results suggest that two factors differentiate intellectually gifted adults reporting socio-emotional and mental health difficulties from those who do not: abuse and neglect with regard to anxiety and dissociation, and current symptoms of PTSD associated with early abuse affecting psychological well-being and emotional regulation, without PTSD necessarily reaching a diagnostic threshold. However, it is conceivable that all intellectually gifted adults, regardless of their history of maltreatment and the homogeneity of their neurocognitive profile, may face emotional regulation challenges, including impulsive behaviors and difficulty accessing effective emotional regulation strategies, as well as difficulties in positive relationships with others and self-acceptance.La question de savoir si le Haut Potentiel Intellectuel (HPI) constitue un facteur de risque ou de protection face aux difficultés socio-émotionnelles et de santé mentale reste débattue, avec deux conceptions divergentes qui persistent dans la littérature. Le premier objectif de cette recherche était de déterminer si les expériences adverses de l'enfance (ACEs), incluant la maltraitance et la négligence, peuvent réconcilier ces perspectives contrastées en distinguant les adultes HPI (QI ≥ 130) rapportant des difficultés de ceux n'en rapportant pas. Le second objectif était d'examiner si les ACEs sont liées à une hétérogénéité cognitive accrue, et si celle-ci caractérise les adultes HPI les plus vulnérables sur le plan psychopathologique et socio-émotionnel. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, 245 adultes HPI (Mâge = 41,71 ; MQI = 137,87) et 205 témoins (Mâge = 33,36 ; MQI = 116,11) ont répondu à différents questionnaires en ligne. Les données relatives au profil neurocognitif ont aussi été recueillies. Pour le premier objectif, les résultats montrent que l'exposition aux ACEs est fortement associée à des scores plus hauts de dissociation et d'anxiété-trait. Par exemple, la multiplicité des ACEs prédit des niveaux plus élevés d'absorption dans les pensées (ρ = .22 ; p < .001) et d'anxiété (ρ = .25 ; p < .001). Peu de liens sont observés entre les ACEs et le TSPT, la régulation émotionnelle, et le bien-être psychologique. De plus, un QI élevé ne protège pas contre ces difficultés. Il tend même à s'associer à davantage de comportements impulsifs (ρ = .15 ; p = .004), à un sentiment de maîtrise de l'environnement réduit (ρ = -.12 ; p = .028), et à des relations sociales altérées (ρ = -.10 ; p = .046). Aucune association n'est observée entre le QI et l'anxiété. Les analyses de régression indiquent que les ACEs contribuent plus fortement à la variance des scores des difficultés socio-émotionnelles que l'intelligence. La modération du QI sur la relation entre l'adversité précoce et ces difficultés est partiellement confirmée, avec des effets protecteurs et aggravants observés. Enfin, les résultats indiquent plus de difficultés de régulation émotionnelle et un bien-être affecté chez les adultes HPI ayant des symptômes du TSPT. Concernant le deuxième objectif, l'hétérogénéité cognitive n'est liée ni aux ACEs, ni aux difficultés socio-émotionnelles. Les analyses de médiation modérée n'ont pas confirmé que l'hétérogénéité cognitive puisse expliquer le lien entre ACEs et les difficultés socio-émotionnelles, quel que soit le niveau de QI. L'ensemble des résultats suggère que deux facteurs distinguent les adultes HPI rapportant des difficultés de ceux n'en rapportant pas : la maltraitance et la négligence pour l'anxiété et la dissociation, et des symptômes du TSPT pour la régulation émotionnelle et le bien-être. Néanmoins, il est envisageable que tous les adultes HPI, indépendamment de leur histoire de maltraitance et de l'homogénéité du profil cognitif, rencontrent des difficultés de régulation émotionnelle incluant des comportements impulsifs, des stratégies de régulation inefficaces, ainsi que des difficultés interpersonnelles et d'acceptation de soi. Nos résultats montrent aussi qu'une forte proportion d'adultes HPI a subi maltraitance et négligence dans l'enfance, suggérant une surreprésentation en consultation de santé mentale. Toutefois, des symptômes du TSPT subsyndromiques, une absence d'évaluation de l'adversité, une sous-estimation des effets des abus émotionnels, une surévaluation du rôle protecteur du QI, et une surinterprétation de l'hétérogénéité cognitive ont pu contribuer à maintenir une vision négative du HPI dans une partie de la littérature. Une certaine complexité a également pu être gommée dans la littérature polarisée autour de deux visions du HPI mutuellement exclusives, des difficultés socio-émotionnelles pouvant faire partie de la présentation clinique des adultes HPI, indépendamment d'antécédents d'abus précoces