ARUd’A (Università “G. d’Annunzio CHIETI -PESCARA)
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Modifiable determinants of older adults’ physical activity and sedentary behavior in community and healthcare settings: a DE-PASS systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjectives: To identify the modifiable determinants targeted in interventions involving older adults, and to determine which of these interventions effectively increased physical activity (PA) and/or reduced sedentary behaviour (SB). Additionally, to explore whether the effects of these interventions vary based on the implementation setting. Methods: A search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials (CTs) was performed in Medline, APA PsycArticles, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Risk of bias assessment was performed with Cochrane’s tool. Modifiable determinants were narratively synthesized, and random-effects models were performed to meta-analyse studies reporting device-measured physical activity or sedentary behaviour. Moderator analyses were performed to investigate the role of implementation setting. Standardized between-group mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to indicate effect sizes. Results: From 31,727 individual records, 52 eligible studies published between 2012–2022 were identified, 30 and 22 studies from community and health care settings, respectively. Determinants within the category physical health and wellbeing (n = 23) were most frequently reported while only one study reported determinants within a social or cultural context. Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Interventions targeting physical health and wellbeing revealed an increase in steps (SMD = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.15 to 0.77) and minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (SMD = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.19 to 0.64) among intervention participants compared to controls, whereas interventions targeting psychological or behavioural determinants showed no between-group differences in steps (SMD = 0.10; 95%CI: -0.12 to 0.32) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (SMD = 0.26; 95%CI: -0.24 to -0.75). Interventions targeting physical health and wellbeing showed significant heterogeneity (p < 0.0001; I2 = 73.10%). Subgroup analyses showed a significant effect on device-measured physical activity for the eight community-based interventions (SMD = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.07 to 0.77), while no significant effect was found for the eight studies performed in healthcare settings (SMD = 0.26; 95%CI; -0.10 to 0.62). Conclusion: Interventions targeting physical health and wellbeing may increase PA in older adults, with community-based studies appearing more effective than studies in healthcare settings. The significant heterogeneity of study findings indicates that further research is needed to fully understand the influence of PA and SB determinants across settings, particularly those related to psychological, behavioural, social, and cultural factors. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42022287606
Intelligenza artificiale e piattaforme digitali: dalla co-regolamentazione alla co-vigilanza. Atti del Convegno 10-11 febbraio 2025 - Università degli Studi di Perugia
No full textIl presente volume, dal titolo Intelligenza artificiale e piattaforme digitali: dalla co-regolamentazione alla co-vigilanza, presenta i risultati raggiunti al termine del PRIN 2020 su E-Agorà, Online Platform Contracts: economic efficiency and rights’ protection of service users. Technological innovation and service sharing in a social world, nonché i primi traguardi conseguiti nell’ambito del Progetto di ricerca (CNPq n. 10/2023) su Diritti umani e intelligenza artificiale: dalla violazione dei diritti della personalità alla necessità di regolazione delle nuove tecnologie. Il modello europeo di disciplina delle piattaforme digitali, fondato sull’integrazione tra auto-regolamentazione ed etero-regolamentazione, è posto a confronto con esperienze giuridiche straniere, specie quella brasiliana, alla ricerca di soluzioni che assicurino il rispetto dei diritti umani senza limitare lo sviluppo della scienza, la crescita economica e il progresso della società. Il processo di costante integrazione tra regole poste da fonti diverse si accompagna alla necessità di una co-vigilanza tra pubbliche autorità, istituite al fine di contrastare il potere privato dei giants technology. In questo processo integrativo, i confini dei due piani («piano delle regole» e «piano della vigilanza») appaiono sempre più sfumati, dal momento che le Authorities italiane, europee ed internazionali non accentrano soltanto competenze di controllo, di certificazione e sanzionatorie, ma anche funzioni regolatorie, disciplinari, conformative e correttive, più ampie di quelle giudiziarie, riferite tanto all’«attività» algoritmica, quanto agli «atti» posti in essere dalle piattaforme digitali
Cencelle: dalla bottega alla tavola tra caratterizzazione tecnologica e analisi funzionale
No full textAccuracy of cell-free fetal DNA in detecting chromosomal anomalies in women experiencing miscarriage: systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjective: To report the diagnostic accuracy of cell-free fetal DNA (cfDNA) in detecting fetal chromosomal anomalies in women experiencing miscarriage. Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to June 2024. The inclusion criteria were women experiencing miscarriage (defined as pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestation) who underwent cfDNA screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13, other autosomal aneuploidies, sex-chromosome aneuploidies and/or copy-number variants (CNVs). The index test was cfDNA screening for each of the chromosomal anomalies listed. The reference standard was cytogenetic analysis of pregnancy tissue. The quality of the studies was assessed using the revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio were computed using the hierarchical summary receiver-operating-characteristics model. Results: Seven studies (887 women) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. cfDNA had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 81.5–100%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.1–100%), respectively, for trisomy 21, 100% (95% CI, 54.1–100%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.0–100%), respectively, for trisomy 18, and 88.9% (95% CI, 51.8–99.7%) and 100% (95% CI, 99.1–100%), respectively, for trisomy 13. The respective values for other autosomal trisomies were 75.8% (95% CI, 65.7–84.2%) and 99.4% (95% CI, 97.9–99.9%), while those for CNVs were 60.0% (95% CI, 14.7–94.7%) and 100% (95% CI, 97.4–100%). Failure of cfDNA testing was reported in 7.3% (95% CI, 5.7–9.2%) of cases. Conclusion: cfDNA has high diagnostic accuracy in detecting fetal trisomies 21, 18 and 13 in women experiencing miscarriage, while its accuracy for other autosomal aneuploidies and CNVs is only moderate. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Peri-Implant Bone Stability Around Tapered Implant Prosthetic Connection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Different Cone Morse and Conometric Implants Angle Contact and Coupling Interface Designs
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: Internal implant–abutment connection has been proposed to increase interface stability and reduce biological and prosthetic issues. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the influence of the implant abutment conical angle on marginal bone loss and mechanical complications. Methods: The literature screening was performed by considering Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar sources. The eligibility process was conducted in order to perform a descriptive synthesis, determine the risk of bias, and carry out network meta-analyses. The following categories were considered for pairwise comparisons: external hexagon (EI), internal hexagon (HI), cone morse (CM) (8° contact angle). For the descriptive data synthesis, the following parameters were considered: sample size, implant manufacturer, prosthetic joint type, prosthetic complications, marginal bone loss, and study outcomes. Results: A total of 4457 articles were screened, reducing the output to the 133 studies included in the descriptive synthesis, while 12 articles were included in the statistical analysis. No significant differences in marginal bone loss were reported when comparing a cone angle of 8; Conclusions: Within the limits of the present investigation, the cone interface seems to produce lower marginal bone loss compared to external and internal hexagon connection. No differences were found when comparing a cone angle of 8°
Exploring Compliance and Sustainability Integration: A Focus on Financial Intermediaries' Internal Control Functions
No full textEthnography of the Balkan Cults in Abruzzi and Molise (Italy). Two case-studies
No full textThis article reveals the mechanisms of rooting the rituals of migrants
in new places. We present two case-studies and from there we develop a wider
scenario of cultural dynamics. The arrival of the Slavs and Albanians from the
other side of the Adriatic toward the coasts of the Abruzzi (from which Molise
separated in 1963) has been documented as early as the 14th century. It continues until the 20th century, and it is continually remembered by local historians
and ethnographers to underline that the history of resettlement is a preserved
component of culture which is reproduced in texts and ritual actions. Along with
the memory of the migration process itself, religion often becomes the symbolical
centre of the migrant’s life. Therefore, religious rituals are often more preserved
than others
Investigating social cognition in Multiple Sclerosis: Does Implicit Biological Motion processing affect visuo-spatial attention?
No full textThe perception of Biological Motion (BM) is critical for understanding social cues. A limited number of moving light dots resembling a moving individual, can suggest social intention information, providing an attentional orienting. This ability to predict other's intentions from BM cues refers to social cognition, an ability impaired in several neurological diseases. As in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) an impairment in visuo-spatial attention and social cognition has been observed, we aim to investigate the possible differences in the visuo-spatial attention between MS patients and healthy individuals by using BM stimuli as cues. We tested 37 MS patients and 40 healthy controls (HC), who performed a modified central cue Posner task, using BM stimuli as cues that are not always predictive of the target location. They were represented by Point Light Walker (PLW) configuration, a series of dots arranged at the human joints and walking through the left or right of the screen, shown in the global (whole body) or local (two dots, indicating the feet of the PLW) configuration. MS patients exhibited overall slower responses compared to HC. In MS patients, a weaker advantage of valid trial over invalid ones was evident when cue had a local than global BM configuration. Also, MS patients showed a slower performance than HC in valid trials with local BM cues. The difference between groups was attenuated when the cue had a global BM configuration. These findings suggest possible impairment of local BM cue processing in MS patients, possibly due to delays or deficits in interpreting feet motion as biological information, reducing the cue's predictive power
The Archive as a Dynamic Entity: an Interactive Concept Map for Architectural Projects
No full textThe concept of an archive has undergone considerable evolution over time, transforming itself from a simple repository of memory into a dynamic and versatile tool capable of actively interacting with society. From a place for storing information organized chronologically or by type, the archive has become an essential cultural, political, and social resource for research and knowledge. This transformation reflects a profound change in the archive, which is now conceived not only as a means of recovering historical memory, but also as an operational basis for contemporary design.
In this context, the proposal for a dynamic and interactive archive enhanced by artificial intelligence offers an innovative perspective. Designed as an online portal, these archives offer a fluid and multifaceted exploration experience, accessible through two-dimensional and three-dimensional modes. Users can dynamically navigate within a 3D virtual space, interacting with 20th-century architectural content, presented both in high-resolution digital form (2D) and as three-dimensional models, accessible via virtual reality or desktop.
The archive uses complex algorithms and artificial intelligence to adjust the layout of the works within the 3D environment, creating variable configurations based on specific parameters, such as keywords or search areas. With the help of a simple activator, it is possible to switch between 2D and 3D views, revealing further aesthetic and exploratory possibilities.
This methodological approach, based on 2.0 interactions, also offers the possibility of integrating new technologies, such as augmented reality or crowdsourcing mechanisms, in the future. In this way, the archive could evolve autonomously, fueled by collective participation and artificial intelligence management, giving rise to a constantly expanding and self-organizing organism
