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Soil and Crop Analysis, Crop Images
No full textChemical analysis of soil and crop samples with images of crop stand at corresponding positions (indicated by GPS positions
The Optocubes Project: Modular Construction Framework
No full textThis data-set includes the innovation and respective developments of the modular construction framework of the Optocubes project. Construction of modular and scalable, low cost prototype breadboards and enclosures for agile prototype development of (laser-based) optical assemblies in many engineering processes is realized. Industrial aluminum extrusions and tailored, self-developed 3D-printed enclosure components are combined with commercially available hardware store components.
The data-set comprises the documentation of the ideas, concepts and construction principles, detailed technical drawings, construction manuals, component lists, CAD-files, etc., of the modular construction framework.
The research project 'Optocubes' is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and research (BMBF) within the funding program 'Photonics Research Germany' with contract number 13N15230
Small electron polarons bound to interstitial tantalum defects in lithium tantalate
No full textThe absorption features of optically generated, short-lived small bound electron polarons are inspected in congruent lithium tantalate, LiTaO3 (LT), in order to address the question whether it is possible to localize electrons at interstitial TaV:VLi defect pairs by strong, short-range electron-phonon coupling. Solid-state photoabsorption spectroscopy under light exposure and density functional theory are used for an experimental and theoretical access to the spectral features of small bound polaron states and to calculate the binding energies of the small bound TaLi4+ (antisite) and TaV4+:VLi (interstitial site) electron polarons. As a result, two energetically well separated (∆E ≈ 0.5 eV) absorption features with a distinct dependence on the probe light polarization and peaking at 1.6 eV and 2.1 eV are discovered. We contrast our results to the interpretation of a single small bound TaLi4+ electron state with strong anisotropy of the lattice distortion and discuss the optical generation of interstitial TaV4+:VLi small polarons in the framework of optical gating of TaV4+:TaTa4+ bipolarons. We can conclude that the appearance of carrier localization at TaV:VLi must be considered as additional intermediate state for the 3D hopping transport mechanisms at room temperature in addition to TaLi, as well, and, thus, impacts a variety of optical, photoelectrical and electrical applications of LT in nonlinear photonics. Furthermore, it is envisaged that LT represents a promising model system for the further examination of the small-polaron based photogalvanic effect in polar oxides with the unique feature of two, energetically well separated small polaron states
Single molecule analyses reveal dynamics of Salmonella translocated effector proteins in host cell endomembranes
No full textThe facultative intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica remodels the host endosomal system for survival and proliferation inside host cells. Salmonella resides within the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) and by Salmonella-induced fusions of host endomembranes, the SCV is connected with extensive tubular structures termed Salmonella-induced filaments (SIF). The intracellular lifestyle of Salmonella critically depends on effector proteins translocated into host cells. A subset of effectors is associated with, or integral in SCV and SIF membranes. How effectors reach their subcellular destination, and how they interact with endomembranes remodeled by Salmonella remains to be determined. We deployed self-labeling enzyme tags to label translocated effectors in living host cells, and analyzed their single molecule dynamics. Translocated effectors diffuse in membranes of SIF with mobility comparable to membrane-integral host proteins in endomembranes. Dynamics differ between various effectors investigated and is dependent on membrane architecture of SIF. In the early infection, host endosomal vesicles are associated with Salmonella effectors. Effector-positive vesicles continuously fuse with SCV and SIF membranes, providing a route of effector delivery by translocation, interaction with endosomal vesicles, and ultimately fusion with the continuum of SCV/SIF membranes. This novel mechanism controls membrane deformation and vesicular fusion to generate the specific intracellular niche for bacterial survival and proliferation
Replication Data for: Does “very” make a difference? Effects of intensifiers in item stems of employee attitude surveys on response behavior
No full textEmployee attitude surveys are important tools for organizational development. To gain insights into employees’ attitudes, surveys most often use Likert-type items. Measures assessing these attitudes frequently use intensifiers (e.g., extremely, very) in item stems. To date little is known about the effects of intensifiers in the item stem on response behavior. They are frequently used inconsistently, which potentially has implications for the comparability of results in the context of benchmarking. Also, results often suffer from left-skewed distributions limiting data quality for which the use of intensifiers potentially offers a remedy. Therefore, we systematically examine the effects of intensifiers’ on response behavior in employee attitude surveys and their potential to remedy the issue of left-skewed distributions. In three studies, we assess effects on level, skewness and nomological structure. Study 1 examines the effects of intensifier strength in the item stem, while Studies 2 and 3 assess whether intensifier salience would increase these effects further. Interestingly, results did not show systematic effects. Future research ideas in regards to item design and processing as well as practical implications for the design of employee attitude surveys are discussed
Replication data for Lack of evidence for a consistent differential impact of tail and tunnel handling on behavioural and physiological markers of welfare in laboratory mice
No full textData underlying the results of the behavioural tests (Open Field, Light-Dark box, Sociability and Social novelty and Approach to handler and novelty) as well as physiological parameters (plasma corticosterone levels, feacal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations, weight of adrenal glands and thymus and body weight). Tests were performed in C57Bl/6J and CD-1 mice of both sexes and their response to routine tail- and tunnel handling was assessed
Cooperativity of cysteines governs GSDMD palmitoylation-mediated membrane targeting and assembly
No full textGasdermin D (GSDMD) executes cell death program pyroptosis by assembling into oligomers that permeabilize the plasma membrane. Here, by single-molecule imaging, we elucidate the yet elusive mechanism of GSDMD pore assembly and the role of cysteines in GSDMD oligomerization. We show that GSDMD preassembles at the membrane into dimeric and trimeric building blocks that can either insert the membrane or further assemble into higher-order oligomers, prior to membrane insertion. Cys39, Cys57, and Cys192 are the only relevant cysteines in GSDMD oligomerization. S-palmitoylation of Cys192 controls GSDMD membrane targeting together with negatively charged lipids. Importantly, simultaneous Cys39/57/192-to-Ala mutations, but not Cys192 or the Cys39/57 pair individually, completely abolish GSDMD insertion into artificial membranes and the plasma membrane in cells. Finally, either Cys192 or the Cys39/Cys57 pair are sufficient to form dimers/trimers, but they are all required for functional higher-order oligomer formation. Overall, our study unveils a cooperative role of Cys192 palmitoylation-mediated membrane binding and Cys39/57/192-mediated oligomerization in GSDMD pore assembly. This study supports a model where GSDMD oligomerization relies on a two-step mechanism mediated by cysteines.
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EMON - Electronic Music Ontology
No full textOntologie für Elektronische Musik, entstanden in dem von der DFG geförderten Forschungsprojekt PRESET (Prinzipien elektronischer Klangerzeugung: Systematisierung und Entwicklung einer Terminologie
Harmonic NaNbO3 and KNbO3 nanoparticles via solvothermal synthesis in glycols
No full textSoft chemical methods for the synthesis of alkali niobates are so far very limited due to the insufficient knowledge of the underlying niobium chemistry and the influences of the solvents used. With the aim of synthesizing particles of high quality without the use of water as an additional solvent, a set of glycols was used here. Glycols combine several benefits as they possess a large dipole moment, a relatively high boiling point, are inexpensive and pose little toxicological risk. We show that solvothermal synthesis in glycols without the addition of water or surfactants produces small particles of alkali niobates in the size range from above 100 nm down to about 5 nm, depending on the glycol used, with a relatively narrow size distribution. NaNbO3 and KNbO3 crystallize as orthorhombic nanocrystals. The KNbO3 obtained, however, can also be interpreted as monoclinic, especially if the particle size is small. While there is no obvious size dependence in the corresponding band gaps, smaller particles show a lower harmonic response than larger ones
Structure of the Interleukin-5 receptor complex exemplifies the organizing principle of common beta cytokine signaling
No full textCytokines play a crucial role in immune system communication, by binding to cell surface receptors to initiate signaling cascades and regulate gene expression. The cytokine receptor common subunit beta (βc) mediates signaling for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and interleukin-5 (IL-5). While the role of IL-5 in inflammation and disease is well-established, the structural basis of IL-5 receptor activation is yet undetermined. Here, we report the cryoEM structure of the IL-5 ternary receptor complex at 3.6 Å resolution. The complex consists of two βc and two IL-5 receptor alpha (IL-5Rα) molecules bound to two IL-5 dimers, revealing fundamental architectural oligomerization principles for IL-5 and its family members GM-CSF and IL-3. Single-molecule imaging confirms the formation of a minimal hexameric unit of IL-5 complexes on the surface of live cell, with negligible tendency to form higher oligomers. Furthermore, we use engineered chimeric receptors to demonstrate that IL-5 signaling, as well as IL-3 and GM-CSF can occur through receptor heterodimerization between βc and their private receptors, obviating the requirement for higher order assemblies to homodimerize βc. This study provides important insights into the structural principles and signaling mechanisms of IL-5 and the common beta receptor family, which can inform the development of therapies to interfere with this signaling axis in diseases involving deranged βc signalin