University of Miskolc OJS
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Szendvics függvénykedvelő ínyenceknek
No full textCikkünkben jellemezzük azokat a függvénypárokat, amelyek rendelkeznek affin elválasztó függvénnyel. Bár a fő eredmény az anlízis témakörébe tartozik, a bizonyításban -- meglepő módon -- a kombinatorikus geometria egyik alaptétele, a Helly-tétel kap kulcsszerepet
Treatment of potential mine tailings via adsorption using food waste-derived activated carbons: ONLINE FIRST (pre-proof)
No full textThis study addresses challenges of acid mine drainages (AMDs) treatment by exploring biowaste-derived activated carbons (ACs). The study involves synthesis of ACs from food wastes and evaluation for removing heavy metals in AMDs. The AMD solutions were simulated and experiments conducted via batch adsorption. The best adsorption capacities were recorded by ZnCl2-AC, KOH-AC and NaOH-AC, with estimated equilibrium uptakes of 526.31±50.52, 26.14±0.23, 426.62±20.68, 164.24±11.54, 129.95±6.31 and 141.75±26.01 mg/g, for Hg(II), As(IV), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Co(II), respectively. The adsorption kinetics was faster for the smaller size metals than the larger ones. The study highlights the potential of these ACs as sustainable and effective adsorbents for mitigating the impact of mining activities on water quality. The findings may contribute valuably to the field of environmental remediation and sustainable mining
Mitigating metal loss in waste printed circuit boards reverse flotation: The critical role of particle dispersion
Full text linkFroth flotation is emerging as a key step in waste printed circuit board recycling (WPCB) recycling, enabling the selective separation of metals from nonmetals. This study investigates the aggregation and dispersion behavior of WPCB particles during pulping and evaluates intense agitation as a pretreatment strategy. The inherent hydrophobicity of WPCB nonmetals drives spontaneous aggregation, which entraps metallic particles and stabilizes persistent foam layers that hinder separation. Intense agitation effectively disrupts these aggregates, releasing entrapped metals and improving dispersion. Under optimized conditions, this pretreatment significantly enhanced flotation performance by mitigating metal losses to the overflow
Investigation of the time-history of the covid-19 pandemic in Hungary by sigmoid curves: Comparison of several waves
Full text linkSigmoid curves are multidisciplinary curves, because they are used in many fields of life (economy, statistics, engineering, product design, iteration history curves of optimization algorithms, environmental science, health sciences, etc.) for the investigation and prediction of many phenomena. In this paper the history of COVID‑19 infection in Hungary from March 2020 until June 2023 is investigated by sigmoid curves. Since the pandemic had several waves, by analysing the sigmoid curves of each waves it is possible to compare their characteristics. This comparison can lead to interesting new conclusions, for example it is possible to define the “mutation delay” and the comparison of this delay of several waves can show the effect of vaccination. Comparing the derivatives and integrals of the sigmoid curves, more conclusions can be drawn. In the days when this paper is written, the relevance of these investigations and comparisons may increase again, because of new and aggressive COVID variants, BA.5 or JN.1. In case of appropriate data, it would be possible to compare the curves of these variants and other waves, which could give useful information about intensity, aggressivity, or mortality of the waves.Sigmoid curves are multidisciplinary curves, because they are used in many fields of life (economy, statistics, engineering, product design, iteration history curves of optimization algorithms, environmental science, health sciences, etc.) for the investigation and prediction of many phenomena. In this paper the history of COVID‑19 infection in Hungary from March 2020 until June 2023 is investigated by sigmoid curves. Since the pandemic had several waves, by analysing the sigmoid curves of each waves it is possible to compare their characteristics. This comparison can lead to interesting new conclusions, for example it is possible to define the “mutation delay” and the comparison of this delay of several waves can show the effect of vaccination. Comparing the derivatives and integrals of the sigmoid curves, more conclusions can be drawn. In the days when this paper is written, the relevance of these investigations and comparisons may increase again, because of new and aggressive COVID variants, BA.5 or JN.1. In case of appropriate data, it would be possible to compare the curves of these variants and other waves, which could give useful information about intensity, aggressivity, or mortality of the waves
Harmadik országok huzamos tartózkodási engedéllyel rendelkező állampolgárainak jogállása kontra magyar nemzetbiztonság
Full text linkIn its Spring 2024 judgement the Court of Justice of the European Union stated that EU law precludes national legislation which requires national authorities, on grounds of national security, to withdraw the residence permit of a third-country national who may enjoy a derived right of residence under that article or to refuse to issue such a permit to such a person, solely on the basis of a binding non-reasoned opinion adopted by a body entrusted with specialist functions linked to national security, without a rigorous examination of all the individual circumstances and of the proportionality of that decis ion to withdraw or to refuse a residence permit.Az Európai Unió Bírósága 2024 tavaszán egy ítéletében megállapította, hogy az uniós joggal ellentétes a nemzeti hatóságokat arra kötelező tagállami szabályozás, hogy kizárólag a nemzetbiztonsági szakhatóság által kibocsátott, indokolást nem tartalmazó, kötelező erejű állásfoglalás alapján, nemzetbiztonsági ok miatt visszavonják olyan harmadik országbeli állampolgár tartózkodási engedélyét vagy megtagadják tartózkodási engedély olyan harmadik országbeli állampolgár részére történő kiállítását, aki származékos tartózkodási joggal rendelkezhet, anélkül hogy szigorúan megvizsgálnák az összes egyéni körülményt, illetve e visszavonó vagy elutasító határozat arányosságát
Az önfoglalkoztatás és az önfoglalkoztatáson kívüli tevékenységek jövedelemadójának összehasonlítása Magyarországon és Szíriában
Full text linkIn the constantly evolving world of taxation, countries are always refining their systems to balance revenue generation, economic growth, and fairness. This essay provides an in-depth analysis of the income tax systems of Hungary and Syria, exploring their historical trajectories and current structures. Before 1988, Hungary had a complex tax regime, while Syria underwent a series of reforms that resulted in a comprehensive income tax law in 2003. This exploration aims to discern the strengths and weaknesses of each system by examining the realities of income tax in both nations, including the treatment of residents, taxable income, and assessment processes. Each country presents unique challenges and opportunities in their taxation policies, from Hungary’s transition to a flat tax rate to Syria’s progressive system and ongoing reforms. Through this comparative analysis, we seek to shed light on the broader discourse surrounding income taxation, highlighting the diverse strategies employed by different nations to achieve their fiscal objectives.Az adózás folyamatosan fejlődő világában az országok folyamatosan finomítják rendszereiket, hogy egyensúlyba hozzák a bevételtermelést, a gazdasági növekedést és a méltányosságot. Ez az esszé Magyarország és Szíria jövedelemadó-rendszerének mélyreható elemzését adja, feltárva történelmi pályájukat és jelenlegi szerkezetüket. 1988 előtt Magyarországon összetett adórendszer volt, Szíriában pedig egy sor reformon ment keresztül, amelyek eredményeként 2003-ban átfogó jövedelemadó-törvény született. Ennek a feltárásnak az a célja, hogy felismerje az egyes rendszerek erősségeit és gyengeségeit azáltal, hogy megvizsgálja a jövedelemadó realitásait mindkét országban, beleértve a lakosok kezelését, az adóköteles jövedelmet és az értékelési folyamatokat. Minden ország egyedi kihívásokat és lehetőségeket jelent adópolitikájában, Magyarország egykulcsos adókulcsra való átállásától Szíria progresszív rendszeréig és a folyamatban lévő reformokig. Ezzel az összehasonlító elemzéssel igyekszünk megvilágítani a jövedelemadózás körüli tágabb diskurzust, kiemelve a különböző nemzetek által alkalmazott különböző stratégiákat fiskális céljaik elérése érdekében
Fogyatékosság, megváltozott munkaképesség és munka
Full text linkWe can see and experience how society and employers judge people in the target group, but despite many positive changes, we still know little about how people actually experience disability in everyday life. There are those who are closed off or indifferent and those who try to assert themselves and be convincing. Politics, culture, society, upbringing, traditions, individual talents all play a role in the experience of exclusion. While negative prejudices and the resulting discrimination are pervasive in society, despite all efforts – international or national – stereotypes say it all for people with disabilities and people with a disability. Guarantee rules have been drawn up to create equal opportunities, but this issue is still one of the challenges that needs to be addressed,where the freedom and dignity of the individual are at stake.Azt látjuk, tapasztaljuk, hogy a társadalom, a munkáltatók hogyan ítélik meg a célcsoportba tartozókat, viszont a számos kedvező irányú változás ellenére még mindig keveset tudunk arról, hogy a fogyatékosságot a mindennapi életben valójában hogyan éli meg az ember. Van közöttük olyan, aki elzárkózik vagy közönyösséget mutat és létezik olyan is, aki próbál érvényesülni, meggyőző lenni. A politika, a kultúra, a társadalom, a nevelés, a hagyományok, az egyéni adottságok mindmind szerepet játszanak a kirekesztettség élményében, annak megélésében. Amíg minden törekvés ellenére – legyen az nemzetközi vagy hazai – a negatív előítéletek és az ezekből táplálkozó diszkrimináció általánosan jelen van a társadalomban, addig a sztereotípiák mindent elmondanak a fogyatékossággal élők és megváltozott munkaképességűek helyett. Születtek garanciális szabályok az esélyegyenlőség megteremtésére, ennek ellenére még mindig a megoldásra váró feladatok közé sorolhatjuk ezt a kérdését, ahol a tét az ember szabadsága, méltósága
A reprodukciós egészséget támogató munkavégzés globális munkajogi értékelése
Full text linkThe legal regulation of work basically ignores the special aspects of women’s existence, such as menstruation and menopause. The study deals with labor law issues of menstruation, among them it mainly presents international examples of menstrual leave, analyzes them by highlighting the underlying motivations, differences in legal provisions, and feedback found in foreign literature. Examining these contributes to the goal that the Hungarian legislator can consider, if he were to follow the Spanish model, how he could promote the well-being of women at work by possibly introducing menstrual leave, learning from foreign examples.A munkavégzés jogi szabályozása alapvetően figyelmen kívül hagyja a női lét különleges vetületeit, így a menstruációt és a menopauzát. A tanulmány a menstruáció munkajogi kérdéseit érinti, azok közül főként a menstruációs szabadság nemzetközi példáit mutatja be, elemzi azokat a mögöttes motivációk, jogszabályi rendelkezések különbözőségei, és a külföldi szakirodalmakban fellelhető visszacsatolások kiemelésével. Ezek vizsgálata hozzájárul ahhoz a célhoz, hogy a magyar jogalkotó megfontolhassa, amennyiben követné a spanyol mintát, hogy milyen módon tudná előmozdítani a nők munkahelyi jóllétét a menstruációs szabadság esetleges bevezetésével, tanulva a külföldi példákból
The dignity of the conceived child in the teachings of Christian churches and religious associations and in Judaism
Full text linkThe present study focuses on understanding the dignity of the conceived child by selected churches and religious associations. The discussion was narrowed down to Christian communities and Judaism. These confessions build their doctrines on biblical teachings. The similarities and differences found in the approaches to the status of the unborn child were characterised. The positions of particular confessions have been discussed in the context of the doctrinal principles and legal norms they proclaim.
The question of how the dignity of the unborn child is perceived is crucial as it determines from which moment a human being becomes a subject of rights (in particular, the right to life). Indeed, questioning the dignity of the human person from the moment of conception has important consequences for the quality of life and health of the unborn child. It creates the possibility of treating human foetuses instrumentally, subjecting them to treatments, experiments, or other practices that may violate their personal integrity.The present study focuses on understanding the dignity of the conceived child by selected churches and religious associations. The discussion was narrowed down to Christian communities and Judaism. These confessions build their doctrines on biblical teachings. The similarities and differences found in the approaches to the status of the unborn child were characterised. The positions of particular confessions have been discussed in the context of the doctrinal principles and legal norms they proclaim.
The question of how the dignity of the unborn child is perceived is crucial as it determines from which moment a human being becomes a subject of rights (in particular, the right to life). Indeed, questioning the dignity of the human person from the moment of conception has important consequences for the quality of life and health of the unborn child. It creates the possibility of treating human foetuses instrumentally, subjecting them to treatments, experiments, or other practices that may violate their personal integrity.The present study focuses on understanding the dignity of the conceived child by selected churches and religious associations. The discussion was narrowed down to Christian communities and Judaism. These confessions build their doctrines on biblical teachings. The similarities and differences found in the approaches to the status of the unborn child were characterised. The positions of particular confessions have been discussed in the context of the doctrinal principles and legal norms they proclaim.
The question of how the dignity of the unborn child is perceived is crucial as it determines from which moment a human being becomes a subject of rights (in particular, the right to life). Indeed, questioning the dignity of the human person from the moment of conception has important consequences for the quality of life and health of the unborn child. It creates the possibility of treating human foetuses instrumentally, subjecting them to treatments, experiments, or other practices that may violate their personal integrity
Sentencing guidelines based on the US model for criminal and administrative penalties against associations in the European Union
Full text linkAssociations responsible for criminal violations are sanctioned with various sanctions in the member states of the European Union – criminal penalties or fines. These sanctions vary in severity and are enforced in different ways, as a look at Austria and Germany shows. To achieve fair and consistent sanctioning in this area, the literature repeatedly calls for to establish sentencing guidelines for corporations based on the model of the US sentencing guidelines to reduce sentencing discrepancies and promote transparency and proportionality in sentencing. This article argues that legal systems based on a statute law system are rightly should adhere to their own legal institutions and cultures. This allows for integration of the association sanctions into the respective national criminal justice systems without causing internal systemic distortions, which can lead to a lack of acceptance by the law enforcement authorities and the associations concerned.Associations responsible for criminal violations are sanctioned with various sanctions in the member states of the European Union – criminal penalties or fines. These sanctions vary in severity and are enforced in different ways, as a look at Austria and Germany shows. To achieve fair and consistent sanctioning in this area, the literature repeatedly calls for to establish sentencing guidelines for corporations based on the model of the US sentencing guidelines to reduce sentencing discrepancies and promote transparency and proportionality in sentencing. This article argues that legal systems based on a statute law system are rightly should adhere to their own legal institutions and cultures. This allows for integration of the association sanctions into the respective national criminal justice systems without causing internal systemic distortions, which can lead to a lack of acceptance by the law enforcement authorities and the associations concerned.Associations responsible for criminal violations are sanctioned with various sanctions in the member states of the European Union – criminal penalties or fines. These sanctions vary in severity and are enforced in different ways, as a look at Austria and Germany shows. To achieve fair and consistent sanctioning in this area, the literature repeatedly calls for to establish sentencing guidelines for corporations based on the model of the US sentencing guidelines to reduce sentencing discrepancies and promote transparency and proportionality in sentencing. This article argues that legal systems based on a statute law system are rightly should adhere to their own legal institutions and cultures. This allows for integration of the association sanctions into the respective national criminal justice systems without causing internal systemic distortions, which can lead to a lack of acceptance by the law enforcement authorities and the associations concerned