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Can the increased feed be beneficial on the surface quality in tangential turning?
Get PDFThe increase of the productivity in machining of mechanical parts is often achieved by the application of higher feed values. However, this usually leads to the generation of rougher surface topography. Therefore, the achievable surface roughness usually limits the maximum value of the feed in machining, hence the realisable productivity is highly limited. In this study, the tangential turning procedure is being analysed in the point of view of the generated surface topography. Experiments were carried out on 42 CrMo4 cylindrical workpieces to measure the roughness after machining. The evaluation of the results showed that the small increase of the feed has an advantageous effect on the surface roughness in tangential turning, because the chip removal becomes more stable thus decreasing the generated deflects on the surface.The increase of the productivity in machining of mechanical parts is often achieved by the application of higher feed values. However, this usually leads to the generation of rougher surface topography. Therefore, the achievable surface roughness usually limits the maximum value of the feed in machining, hence the realisable productivity is highly limited. In this study, the tangential turning procedure is being analysed in the point of view of the generated surface topography. Experiments were carried out on 42 CrMo4 cylindrical workpieces to measure the roughness after machining. The evaluation of the results showed that the small increase of the feed has an advantageous effect on the surface roughness in tangential turning, because the chip removal becomes more stable thus decreasing the generated deflects on the surface
Microstructural characteristics of hydrogen-exposed P355NH steel and welded joints
Get PDFIt is known that microstructure of materials, such as material structure, grain size, orientation, crystallographic texture and dislocation density, change the mechanism and intensity of hydrogen diffusion, contribute to an increase or decrease in solubility, which significantly changes the mechanical properties of steels and leads to brittleness. In the present study, the microstructure of welded joints of steel P355NH, a typical material grade in domestic transmission lines, and GMAW and hybrid GTAW /GMAW welded joints were investigated and exposed to high pressure pure hydrogen with exposure times of 41 and 92 days. The investigations were carried out to find out the characteristic microstructural details of the base material and welded joints, and the mechanical property changes that can be observed, which can be used to infer the hydrogen susceptibility of both the base material and the welded joints.It is known that microstructure of materials, such as material structure, grain size, orientation, crystallographic texture and dislocation density, change the mechanism and intensity of hydrogen diffusion, contribute to an increase or decrease in solubility, which significantly changes the mechanical properties of steels and leads to brittleness. In the present study, the microstructure of welded joints of steel P355NH, a typical material grade in domestic transmission lines, and GMAW and hybrid GTAW /GMAW welded joints were investigated and exposed to high pressure pure hydrogen with exposure times of 41 and 92 days. The investigations were carried out to find out the characteristic microstructural details of the base material and welded joints, and the mechanical property changes that can be observed, which can be used to infer the hydrogen susceptibility of both the base material and the welded joints
Solving a production scheduling problem with genetic algorithm
Get PDFThis article investigates a production scheduling task, the Flow Shop Scheduling (FSS) problem. The article solves the FSS task, during which a given number of tasks must be executed on a given number of machines, with a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The Genetic Algorithm is a population-based metaheuristic algorithm that maintains a population of solutions. It performs operations such as mutation and crossover on the current solutions until the stopping condition is not met. The article presents the effectiveness of the Genetic Algorithm on a benchmark data set, compared with six heuristic algorithms. The running results show that the Genetic Algorithm gave the best results in most of the test results.This article investigates a production scheduling task, the Flow Shop Scheduling (FSS) problem. The article solves the FSS task, during which a given number of tasks must be executed on a given number of machines, with a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The Genetic Algorithm is a population-based metaheuristic algorithm that maintains a population of solutions. It performs operations such as mutation and crossover on the current solutions until the stopping condition is not met. The article presents the effectiveness of the Genetic Algorithm on a benchmark data set, compared with six heuristic algorithms. The running results show that the Genetic Algorithm gave the best results in most of the test results
Olajtartalmú veszélyes hulladék előkezelő vákuum bepárló technológiával történő fejlesztésének munkavédelmi kérdései
Get PDFIn our work, we have reviewed and examined the management practices of older technologies for the treatment of oily waters, oily sludges and emulsions in terms of their potential for improvement. We found that the technology used is not suitable for emulsion degradation. Based on a review of some of the technologies used in international and national practice, we have selected the emulsion degradation equipment that can be proposed for the treatment of emulsions and that can be optimally integrated into the older technology. The occupational safety and chemical risks of the selected vacuum evaporation technology were analysed and evaluated in comparison with the risks of the applied technology. It was concluded that the proposed development of the technology does not pose any additional occupational safety and health risks to workers.In our work, we have reviewed and examined the management practices of older technologies for the treatment of oily waters, oily sludges and emulsions in terms of their potential for improvement. We found that the technology used is not suitable for emulsion degradation. Based on a review of some of the technologies used in international and national practice, we have selected the emulsion degradation equipment that can be proposed for the treatment of emulsions and that can be optimally integrated into the older technology. The occupational safety and chemical risks of the selected vacuum evaporation technology were analysed and evaluated in comparison with the risks of the applied technology. It was concluded that the proposed development of the technology does not pose any additional occupational safety and health risks to workers
Munkavédelem a régészeti feladatellátásban
Get PDFIn general, institutions with a public service mission carry out or have carried out integrated risk analyses, in which primarily economic risks are analysed and only in general terms the exposures and occupational risks for workers in different jobs are examined. These studies do not deal with the performance of archaeological tasks, which can be carried out under regulated conditions (professional ethical standards, rules, Government Decree 68/2018 (IV.9) and Act LXIV of 2001), but in the case of work processes involving significant risks in the open air - possibly within a construction site, under special natural conditions - the (generally considered) Mvt. applies, while the laws and regulations on construction, construction sites and earthworks do not.
In the light of the above, a detailed risk assessment is essential for safe working practices for these activities, which requires the development of a suitable system of criteria, for which basic professional knowledge is necessary, or the involvement of archaeological experts in the preparation processes, in order to gain basic knowledge of the work processes. The aim of our work is to identify the hazards arising from the work processes in this specific area of work which could pose a risk of harm to the health of the persons carrying out the work processes or those within the area of work. It is also intended to determine the criteria for risk assessment, on the basis of which the extent of the risk can be estimated and proposals made to reduce the presumed impact of the risk by technical means or, where this is not possible, by the provision of collective or individual protective equipment.A közfeladatot ellátó intézmények általánosságban integrált kockázatelemzéseket készítenek vagy készíttetnek, melyekben elsősorban a gazdasági kockázatokat elemzik és csak általános megfogalmazásban vizsgálják a különböző munkakörökben dolgozó munkavállalókat érő expozíciókat, munkahelyi kockázatokat. Ezekben a vizsgálatokban a régészeti feladatellátással nem foglalkoznak, melyek szabályozott körülmények között végezhetőek (szakmai etikai előírások, szabályok, 68/2018 (IV.9) kormányrendelet és a 2001. évi LXIV. törvény), azonban a jelentős kockázatokat rejtő, külterületen – adott esetben építési területen belül, speciális természeti körülmények között – végzett munkafolyamatok során (az általánosnak tekinthető) Mvt. alkalmazandó, az építésre, építkezésekre, földmunkákra vonatkozó törvények, előírások nem.
Fentiek alapján, a biztonságos munkavégzéshez elengedhetetlen az ezen munkakörökre elkészített részletes kockázatértékelés, melynek elkészítéséhez megfelelő szempontrendszer kialakítása szükséges, amihez alapvető szakmai előismeret szükséges, vagy régészeti szakemberek bevonása az előkészítés folyamataiba, hogy a munkafolyamatok alapvető ismereteire szert tehessünk. Munkánk célja, hogy ezen speciális munkaterület munkafolyamatai során a munkavégzésből eredő azon veszélyforrásokat meghatározzuk, amelyek a munkafolyamatokat végző személyekre, illetve munkavégzés hatókörében tartózkodókra egészségkárosodást feltételező veszélyt jelenthetnek. Célja továbbá a kockázatértékeléshez szükséges szempontok meghatározása, melyek alapján becsléses alapon a kockázat mértéke meghatározható, javaslattétel történhet a kockázat feltételezett hatásának csökkentésére, műszaki megoldással, vagy ahol ez nem lehetséges kollektív vagy egyéni védőeszközök biztosításával
Elektromos hajtású autók szervizelésének munkabiztonsági elemzése
Get PDFAccording to the IPCC Summary Report on Climate Change Mitigation, electric vehicles powered by more environmentally friendly electricity have a major role to play in reducing GHG emissions. The greatest potential for CO2 reductions in land transport, on a life-cycle basis, is offered by electric vehicles with high potential for low GHG emissions (Skea et al., 2022).
In our work, we address the risks, hazards and mitigation options for electric car servicing. Our aim is to identify the qualifications, training material, personal protective equipment, and tools and equipment necessary for the servicing of pure electric vehicles. We also aim to describe the steps and measures to take before a safe electric car repair. Our final conclusions can provide a starting point for safe servicing of electric vehicles.Az IPCC éghajlatváltozás mérsékléséről szóló összefoglaló jelentése szerint a környezetbarátabb villamos energiával működő elektromos járműveknek jelentős szerepük van az üvegházhatású gázok kibocsátásának csökkentésében. A szárazföldi közlekedésben aCO2-csökkentés legnagyobb potenciálját - életciklus-alapon - az alacsony ÜHG-kibocsátású elektromos járművek kínálják (Skea et al., 2022).
Munkánkban az elektromos autók szervizelésének kockázataival, veszélyeivel és mérséklési lehetőségeivel foglalkozunk. Célunk a tisztán elektromos járművek szervizeléséhez szükséges képesítések, képzési anyagok, egyéni védőeszközök, valamint szerszámok és berendezések meghatározása. Célunk továbbá, hogy ismertessük a biztonságos elektromos autójavítás előtt teendő lépéseket és intézkedéseket. Végső következtetéseink kiindulópontot nyújthatnak az elektromos járművek biztonságos szervizeléséhez
A NEMZETKÖZI VASÚTI ÁRUFUVAROZÁSI SZERZŐDÉS
Get PDFThis study aims to present the background and regulation of contracts of the international carriage of goods by rail, since rail transport is more relevant than ever. Rail is still one of the most popular and efficient mode of transport, as it is faster than waterway and cheaper than road transport. The prominence of environmental protection aspects, sustainable development and the utilization of green energy increase the value of rail transport even more as changes in technology and cross-border contracts are apparently followed by the instruments of international legal unification. What regulations currently govern this type of contract and what are their characteristics? These questions are investigated in the present paper.Jelen tanulmány a nemzetközi vasúti árufuvarozási szerződés hátterének és szabályozásának bemutatását célozza, hiszen a vasúti fuvarozás aktuálisabb, mint valaha. A vasúti mindmáig az egyik legkedveltebb és leghatékonyabb fuvarmód, mert gyorsabb, mint a vízi, és olcsóbb, mint a közúti fuvarozás. A környezetvédelmi szempontok, a fenntartható fejlődés és a zöldenergia hasznosításának előtérbe kerülése még inkább felértékeli a vasúti fuvarozást, a nemzetközi jogegységesítési instrumentumok pedig követik a technológia és a határon átnyúló szerződések változásait. Milyen szabályanyag rendezi jelenleg ezt a szerződéstípust, és melyek a sajátosságai? Ezeket a kérdéseket vizsgáljuk a tanulmányban
The role of psychopedagogy – the development of understanding of the child
Get PDFThe discussion on human rights always refers to the relationship between a person and a specific authority. The rights of a given person are the element that is supposed to allow them to effectively demand their own dignity, in particular in a situation in which they experience a specific injustice. The harm felt is most often caused by a clear disproportion between the rule of a specific institution or ruler and the capabilities of a person. That is why we talk, for example, about the need to guarantee the rights of a patient in a situation where a hospital or educated doctors make the patient feel aggrieved. A slightly different situation concerns the rights of the child. Here too, we have an element of power. We are talking here about parental authority. However, this is a different type of relationship. The authority mentioned here is presented by people who (most often) care for and love the child. At the same time, however, the child mentioned here is in the position of a person who in certain situations must adapt to the will of the parents. Is such a situation always necessary? Can children's rights introduce a specific democratic system in the family? What is the connection between children's rights and the obligations of the youngest? When speaking about children's rights, should we always remember the aforementioned obligations?
This article will attempt to answer these questions.The discussion on human rights always refers to the relationship between a person and a specific authority. The rights of a given person are the element that is supposed to allow them to effectively demand their own dignity, in particular in a situation in which they experience a specific injustice. The harm felt is most often caused by a clear disproportion between the rule of a specific institution or ruler and the capabilities of a person. That is why we talk, for example, about the need to guarantee the rights of a patient in a situation where a hospital or educated doctors make the patient feel aggrieved. A slightly different situation concerns the rights of the child. Here too, we have an element of power. We are talking here about parental authority. However, this is a different type of relationship. The authority mentioned here is presented by people who (most often) care for and love the child. At the same time, however, the child mentioned here is in the position of a person who in certain situations must adapt to the will of the parents. Is such a situation always necessary? Can children's rights introduce a specific democratic system in the family? What is the connection between children's rights and the obligations of the youngest? When speaking about children's rights, should we always remember the aforementioned obligations?
This article will attempt to answer these questions.The discussion on human rights always refers to the relationship between a person and a specific authority. The rights of a given person are the element that is supposed to allow them to effectively demand their own dignity, in particular in a situation in which they experience a specific injustice. The harm felt is most often caused by a clear disproportion between the rule of a specific institution or ruler and the capabilities of a person. That is why we talk, for example, about the need to guarantee the rights of a patient in a situation where a hospital or educated doctors make the patient feel aggrieved. A slightly different situation concerns the rights of the child. Here too, we have an element of power. We are talking here about parental authority. However, this is a different type of relationship. The authority mentioned here is presented by people who (most often) care for and love the child. At the same time, however, the child mentioned here is in the position of a person who in certain situations must adapt to the will of the parents. Is such a situation always necessary? Can children's rights introduce a specific democratic system in the family? What is the connection between children's rights and the obligations of the youngest? When speaking about children's rights, should we always remember the aforementioned obligations?
This article will attempt to answer these questions
A digitális vagyontárgyak magánjogi megítélése, különös tekintettel az öröklési jogi rendelkezésekre
Get PDFThe advent of digitalisation represents one of the most significant developments of the 21st century, with far-reaching implications for the legal profession. Private law is similarly subject to the effects of digitalisation, and as the body of law that governs the everyday lives of individuals, it has the greatest impact on our lives. For an extended period, it appeared that certain areas of private law would experience minimal or no impact from the digitalisation process. Nevertheless, it has become evident that no aspect of private law will remain unaffected by the ramifications of accelerated technological advancements. In our study, we will initially delineate the endeavours to conceptualise digital assets and subsequently analyse the potential integration of digital assets into the domain of property law. After this, we will examine the property law implications of digital assets, before finally investigating their inheritable nature.A digitalizáció a 21. század egyik legnagyobb vívmánya, amely a jog minden területére hatással van. Ez alól a magánjog sem kivétel, hiszen a „mindennapok jogaként” a legközvetlenebb módon – és vélhetően a legnagyobb mértékben – gyakorol hatást az életünkre. Noha kezdetben úgy tűnt, hogy a magánjog egyes területei szinte érintetlenül maradnak, idővel egyértelművé vált, hogy a gyakorlatban nincs a magánjognak olyan szegmense, amelyet valamilyen módon ne érintenének a technológiai fejlődés hatásai. A tanulmányban először a digitális vagyontárgyak fogalmi meghatározására irányuló törekvéseket tekintem át röviden, majd a digitális vagyontárgyak magánjog rendszerébe való beilleszthetőségét és ehhez kapcsolódóan azok örökölhetőségének kérdéseit vizsgálom