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On the impact of hydrocarbon contamination on compaction and plasticity behavior of sandy clay soil case study: Northeast Hungary
Get PDFThis study investigates the behavior of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, using Atterberg tests and Modified Proctor Tests (MPT) conducted on sandy clay soil samples. By exposing the soil to higher artificial contamination percentages than has been reported in the literature, our approach gives a further comprehensive analysis and provides a complex interpretation of the contamination process and its impact on compaction. The oil contamination led to an increase in the plastic limit and a decrease in the plasticity index. It also influenced the compaction behavior, resulting in a decrease in the maximum dry density. The analysis emphasizes the significance of considering higher contamination levels for a more robust understanding with implications for diverse engineering applications
A karsztvízszint regenerálódási folyamat hatása Hévíz természetes gyógytényezői
Get PDFÖsszefoglalás:
A hazai gyógy-idegenforgalom, wellnessturizmus zászlóshajója a Hévízi-tó szimbiózisban van a még épen maradt, felszín alatti víztől függő ökoszisztémájával. Szerzők célja fizioterápiás szakemberek számára széles körűen és részletesen bemutatni azokat a regionális és lokális természettudományi hatásokat, melyek a Hévízi-tó forrásánál és felszín alatti vízgyűjtő területénél jelentkeznek, s mindezek megértése által komplexebb látásmódot adni a gyógytényezők terápiás célú felhasználásához és jövőbeli tervezési - kutatási - fejlesztési lehetőségeihez. A Hévízi-tó mennyiségi védelme szükségessé teszi a vízgyűjtő területen jelentkező vízigények, valamint a karsztterületek csapadékfüggő utánpótlódásának számbavételét. Az utánpótlódást, a karsztvízszint változásokat és a hosszabb távú vízháztartási kilátásokat figyelembe véve lehet javaslatokat tenni a térségi vízkivételeknek a Hévízi-tó állapotát nem veszélyeztető szabályozási feltételekre. Az elsődleges tóvédelmi cél, hogy a tó hozama elérje a prognosztizált optimális 550liter/s-ot és víz hőmérséklete sehol ne csökkenjen 28ºC alá. A monitoring-rendszer éghajlati, hidrológiai, hidrogeológiai paramétereket mér műszeresen, mely alapul szolgál a biológiai monitoringozásnak. A kórház rendszeresen vizsgáltatja a termelő-kutaknál és a tó különböző részein a vízkémiai és mikrobiológiai viszonyokat.
Az összefoglaló tanulmány annak demonstrálása, hogy a vizek ügye nem csak a vízügy ügye. Rávilágít a különböző ágazatok, vízügyi felügyeleti szervek, zöldhatóság, egészségügy, környezetvédelmi hatóság együttműködésének fontosságára
Előrehelyezett fejtartás vizsgálata hallgatók körében
No full textSummary: In the modern age, forward head posture (FHP) is becoming more and more common. Improper posture, which can be seen in the sagittal plane, can lead to muscle imbalance, pain and consequent musculoskeletal damage in the given region. The aim of the research is to examine this phenomenon and to prove the importance of physiotherapy. The study involved 38 people (24 women; average age 21.93 ±2.19 years). During the survey, the participants indicated their pain on a numerical scale of 0-10. The physical examination included, after inspection and palpation, wall-occiput distance measurement, muscle maximum extensibility testing, and photo analysis-based craniovertebral, shoulder, and head-tilt angle measurements. In addition to the average pain value of 5.29 ±2.16, the results showed forward positioning of the head (34%) and shoulders (61%) in the participants, as well as a wall-occiput distance that can be classified as medium severity, and a decrease in the extensibility was spotted at neck extensors, m. sternocleidomastoid, m. levator scapulae and the upper part of trapezius muscle (61%). Most of the participants show signs of posture problems, proving the relevance of explaining the correct posture, correcting the posture and using targeted mobilizing, strengthening and stretching exercises. The test methods supported the applicability of measuring the posture angles.Összefoglalás: A modern korban egyre gyakoribb az előrehelyezett fejtartás (forward head posture – FHP) előfordulása. A dominánsan sagittalis síkban mutatkozó helytelen tartás izomegyensúly felboruláshoz, fájdalmakhoz és következményes mozgásszervi károsodásokhoz vezethet az adott régióban. A kutatás célja ezen jelenség vizsgálata és a fizioterápia jelentőségének igazolása. A vizsgálat 38 fő bevonásával zajlott (24 nő; átlagéletkor 21,93 ±2,19 év). A felmérés során a résztvevők fájdalmukat 0-10-es numerikus skálán jelölték, a fizikális mérési egység inspectio és palpatio után fal-occiput távolság meghatározást, izom maximális megnyújthatósági vizsgálatot, valamint fotóelemzés alapú craniovertebralis-, váll- és fej-dőlés szög mérést tartalmazott. Az eredmények az átlag 5,29 ±2,16 fájdalomérték mellett a fej (34%) és a vállak (61%) előrehelyezettségét mutatták a résztvevőknél, továbbá közepes súlyossági kategóriába sorolható fal-occiput távolságot és a nyaki extensorok, a m. sternocleidomastoideus, a m. levator scapulae és a m. trapezius felső rostok nyújthatóságának csökkenését (61%) jelezték. A résztvevők többségénél mutatkoznak a testtartási problémák jelei igazolva a helyes testtartás ismertetésének, a tartás korrekciójának és a célzott mobilizáló, erősítő és nyújtó gyakorlatsorok alkalmazásának relevanciáját. A vizsgálati módszerek alátámasztották a tartási szögek mérésének alkalmazhatóságát
COVID hatása a kórházak gazdálkodására Magyarországon 2020-ban
Get PDFThe Hungarian public health system has faced many problems over the past decade, ranging from social changes to economic impacts. It is forced to constantly renew and adapt. It was in this situation that the pandemic of 2020 hit it and it had to respond. In my research, I used a database based on financial statements from 2016-2020 to study hospitals in Hungary covered by the Public Finance Act and contracted with NEAK. In this study, I am looking for the answer to the question whether and how the pandemic situation is reflected in the balance sheets and profit and loss accounts of hospitals. Central measures have restricted many services to care for patients with COVID. This has had an impact on the number of days of care completed and the number of patients discharged from the wards in hospitals. There is a significant difference in both the performance indicators and the indicators calculated from the profit and loss account between the data for 2019 and 2020. Looking at the types of expenditure, there is also a significant difference in 2020 compared to 2016 and 2019 for both material and personnel costs. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the pandemic situation in 2020 had a statistically detectable impact on the activity of hospitals in terms of both financial and performance indicators.
A magyarországi állami egészségügyi rendszer nagyon sok problémával szembesült az elmúlt évtizedben a társadalmi változásoktól kezdve a gazdasági hatásokig. Folyamatos megújulásra és alkalmazkodásra kényszerül. Ebben a helyzetben érte a világjárvány 2020-ban, melyre reagálnia kellett. Kutatásom során egy 2016-2020-as, pénzügyi kimutatásokon alapuló adatbázist használva vizsgáltam a magyarországi államháztartás törvény hatálya alá tartozó, NEAK-kal szerződött kórházakat. Tanulmányban arra keresem a választ, leképeződött-e, ha igen miként a pandémiás helyzet a kórházak mérlegében, eredménykimutatásában. A központi intézkedések számos ellátást korlátoztak a COVID-os betegek ellátása érdekében. Ez hatással volt a kórházak teljesített ápolási napjára, osztályról elbocsátott betegszámra. Mind a teljesítmény mutatókban, mind az eredménykimutatásból számított mutatókban szignifikáns eltérés van a 2019-es és 2020-as év adatai között. A ráfordításfajtákat vizsgálva is az anyagköltség és a személyi jellegű ráfordítás esetében is szignifikáns eltérés van 2020-ban 2016 és 2019-hez képest is. Ezek alapján megállapítható, hogy a 2020-as év pandémiás helyzete statisztikailag kimutatható módon is hatással volt a kórházak tevékenységére mind pénzügyi, mind teljesítménymutatók vonatkozásában
A zöld átmenet szerepe a Visegrádi országokban a KAYA-azonosság alapján
Get PDFAccording to our current knowledge, without a renewal of the structure of economic growth, climate change will continue to accelerate and, as a consequence, the related economic damages will increase. Implementation of the green transition is therefore one of the most urgent tasks of our time, for which the Kaya identity can provide a theoretical framework. Reducing energy intensity and improving energy efficiency can significantly contribute not only to mitigating sustainability risks and achieving international climate neutrality goals, but also improving competitiveness. However, the current results require accelerating the transition, for which the financial system, including central banks, is essential. Regarding that the Central Bank of Hungary may serve with best practices as it has taken several innovative steps to encourage the green transition.Jelen tudásunk szerint a gazdasági növekedés erőforrásszerkezetének megújítása nélkül a klímaváltozás tovább gyorsul és ennek következményeként egyre nőnek a kapcsolódó gazdasági károk. A zöld átállás megvalósítása tehát korunk egyik legsürgetőbb feladata, melyhez elméleti keretet adhat a Kaya-azonosság. Az energiaintenzitás csökkentése, valamint az energiahatékonyság javítása nagymértékben hozzájárulhat nemcsak a fenntarthatósági kockázatok mérsékléséhez, valamint a nemzetközi klímasemlegességi célok eléréséhez, hanem a versenyképesség javulásához is. A jelenlegi eredmények azonban az átállás felgyorsítását sürgetik, melyhez elengedhetetlen a pénzügyi rendszer, így a jegybankok részvétele. Ehhez szolgálhat jó példaként, ahogy a Magyar Nemzeti Bank több innovatív lépést tett a zöld átmenet ösztönzése érdekében
Az élelmiszerár-infláció meghatározó tényezői az Európai Unió 27 tagállamában
Get PDFThe objective of our research is to investigate the main determinants of food price inflation in the European Union 27 Member States between January 2001 and May 2022. Our research focuses on the role of oil prices, exchange rate volatility, and the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war that started in February 2022. We compiled a strongly balanced panel dataset based on monthly values. Based on the a priori test results Random Effects (RE), linear regression with panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE), cointegration regression using fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) regression methods were applied. Our result shows that both the increasing crude oil prices and the fluctuating exchange rates stimulated significantly food price inflation in the EU-27. Data demonstrates that Russia’s war against Ukraine also contributes to increasing food prices in the EU-27. In this regard, we provide country-level analysis as well.Jelen kutatás célja az élelmiszerár-infláció főbb meghatározó tényezőinek a vizsgálata az Európai Unió 27 tagállamában 2001. január és 2022. május között. A kutatás a tőzsdei nyersolajárak és a valutaárfolyam-ingadozások szerepére helyezi a hangsúlyt. Az elemzéshez kiegyensúlyozott panel adatbázist készítettünk havi adatok felhasználásával. A korábbi vizsgálatok eredményei nyomán az alábbi becslési módszereket alkalmaztuk: véletlen hatások (RE), panelkorrigált standard hibák (PCSE), módosított legkisebb négyzetek kointegrált becslése (FMOLS), valamint dinamikus legkisebb négyzetek (DOLS) regressziós módszere. Eredményeink azt mutatták, hogy az élelmiszerár-inflációt az olajárak növekedése és a valutaárfolyam-ingadozás egyaránt jelentős mértékben befolyásolták
General supply chain and healthcare supply chain specificities, as well as outpatient path management in Hungary
Get PDFThe healthcare supply chain differs significantly from industrial supply chains due to its focus on human life and health. This necessitates time-sensitive, high-quality, and traceable logistics. It involves multiple stakeholders—manufacturers, distributors, providers, and patients—making it inherently complex. To improve efficiency and resilience, innovative solutions are required. The goal is to offer actionable strategies for a more effective, transparent, and equitable healthcare system. Emphasis is placed on digital tools to address structural issues and enhance care delivery. The study examines digital approaches such as blockchain, automation, and data-driven decision-making. Blockchain enhances traceability and authenticity, while automation improves inventory control and reduces errors. In Hungary, the system struggles with underfunding, workforce shortages, and regional disparities. Digital initiatives like EESZT aim to improve coordination, yet challenges like low digital literacy persist. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted global supply chain vulnerabilities but also accelerated digital transformation. The study focuses on Hungary’s unique challenges, integrating theory and data to uncover inefficiencies and propose improvements. Findings confirm that modern technologies can significantly improve healthcare quality and sustainability
Influence of sample preparation and geometrical deviation on the destructive testing outcomes of RSW joints in AHSS
No full textThis study emphasizes the critical importance of sample preparation in resistance spot welding (RSW) for ensuring the integrity and reliability of the welding process, particularly when dealing with high-strength materials (dual phase DP600 and martensitic steel MS1400). By conducting a series of experiments that introduce various geometrical inaccuracies, such as misalignment and dimensional errors, the study quantifies their impact on tensile strength, displacement, and failure modes during tensile-shear and cross-tension tests. Key aspects such as spot welder calibration, surface conditions, dimensional accuracy, and alignment procedures are thoroughly examined. The investigation reveals that geometrical deviations in specimen preparation can significantly affect the mechanical properties assessment of welded joints.This study emphasizes the critical importance of sample preparation in resistance spot welding (RSW) for ensuring the integrity and reliability of the welding process, particularly when dealing with high-strength materials (dual phase DP600 and martensitic steel MS1400). By conducting a series of experiments that introduce various geometrical inaccuracies, such as misalignment and dimensional errors, the study quantifies their impact on tensile strength, displacement, and failure modes during tensile-shear and cross-tension tests. Key aspects such as spot welder calibration, surface conditions, dimensional accuracy, and alignment procedures are thoroughly examined. The investigation reveals that geometrical deviations in specimen preparation can significantly affect the mechanical properties assessment of welded joints
The Protection of Human Rights under the European Convention on Human Rights in Slovenia
No full textThis article explores the protection of human rights under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in the Republic of Slovenia. Beginning with a brief introduction to the Council of Europe (CoE) and its key legal instrument, the ECHR, the author examines the structure of the ECHR, the rights it guarantees, the mechanisms for enforcing those rights, and its influence on both domestic legal systems and international human rights norms. The author then outlines the historical development of human rights in Slovenia, describes Slovenia's relationship with the CoE from a human rights perspective, and reviews Slovenia's ratification of the Convention and other CoE treaties. In the core sections, the author discusses how the ECHR's human rights protection obligations are reflected in the Slovenian Constitution and provides an overview of the significant legislative processes that have occurred in Slovenia as a result of the implementation of the ECHR and ECtHR’s judgments. Finally, the article analyses 15 landmark cases involving Slovenia before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).This article explores the protection of human rights under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in the Republic of Slovenia. Beginning with a brief introduction to the Council of Europe (CoE) and its key legal instrument, the ECHR, the author examines the structure of the ECHR, the rights it guarantees, the mechanisms for enforcing those rights, and its influence on both domestic legal systems and international human rights norms. The author then outlines the historical development of human rights in Slovenia, describes Slovenia's relationship with the CoE from a human rights perspective, and reviews Slovenia's ratification of the Convention and other CoE treaties. In the core sections, the author discusses how the ECHR's human rights protection obligations are reflected in the Slovenian Constitution and provides an overview of the significant legislative processes that have occurred in Slovenia as a result of the implementation of the ECHR and ECtHR’s judgments. Finally, the article analyses 15 landmark cases involving Slovenia before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).This article explores the protection of human rights under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in the Republic of Slovenia. Beginning with a brief introduction to the Council of Europe (CoE) and its key legal instrument, the ECHR, the author examines the structure of the ECHR, the rights it guarantees, the mechanisms for enforcing those rights, and its influence on both domestic legal systems and international human rights norms. The author then outlines the historical development of human rights in Slovenia, describes Slovenia's relationship with the CoE from a human rights perspective, and reviews Slovenia's ratification of the Convention and other CoE treaties. In the core sections, the author discusses how the ECHR's human rights protection obligations are reflected in the Slovenian Constitution and provides an overview of the significant legislative processes that have occurred in Slovenia as a result of the implementation of the ECHR and ECtHR’s judgments. Finally, the article analyses 15 landmark cases involving Slovenia before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
The Protection of Human Rights under the ECHR and Central Europe: the Czech Republic
No full textThis paper examines the protection of human rights under the ECHR in the Czech Republic, emphasizing the historical evolution of human rights protection in the territory of the present-day Czech Republic, constitutional aspects of the application of the ECHR, the nation’s relationship with the Council of Europe (CoE) and landmark cases involving the Czech Republic before the ECtHR. Czechoslovakia was the first post-communist country that ratified the ECHR. However, the process of readmission of the independent Czech Republic to the Council of Europe after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the subsequent retroactive binding of the ECHR on the Czech Republic has been associated with several problematic issues from the perspective of public international law doctrine. This article points out that this retroactive application of the ECHR effectively violated Art. 59 (1) of the ECHR [former Art. 66 (1)], which provides that the ECHR shall be open to the signature of the members of the Council of Europe only. The paper also discusses in more detail a position of the ECHR in the Czech legal order and, above all, the constitutional background to its application. It draws attention to the problematic jurisprudence of the Czech Constitutional Court, according to which human rights treaties, including the ECHR, are not only part of the Czech legal order, but even of the “constitutional order”. This conclusion is contrary to Article 10 and Article 112(1) of the Czech Constitution. Landmark cases involving the Czech Republic before ECtHR reveal its evolving legal landscape. Notable cases include D.H. and Others v. Czech Republic, concerning alleged discrimination against Roma children in education. It is one of the first cases ever decided (not unanimously) by the Grand Chamber. This paper examines the protection of human rights under the ECHR in the Czech Republic, emphasizing the historical evolution of human rights protection in the territory of the present-day Czech Republic, constitutional aspects of the application of the ECHR, the nation’s relationship with the Council of Europe (CoE) and landmark cases involving the Czech Republic before the ECtHR. Czechoslovakia was the first post-communist country that ratified the ECHR. However, the process of readmission of the independent Czech Republic to the Council of Europe after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the subsequent retroactive binding of the ECHR on the Czech Republic has been associated with several problematic issues from the perspective of public international law doctrine. This article points out that this retroactive application of the ECHR effectively violated Art. 59 (1) of the ECHR [former Art. 66 (1)], which provides that the ECHR shall be open to the signature of the members of the Council of Europe only. The paper also discusses in more detail a position of the ECHR in the Czech legal order and, above all, the constitutional background to its application. It draws attention to the problematic jurisprudence of the Czech Constitutional Court, according to which human rights treaties, including the ECHR, are not only part of the Czech legal order, but even of the “constitutional order”. This conclusion is contrary to Article 10 and Article 112(1) of the Czech Constitution. Landmark cases involving the Czech Republic before ECtHR reveal its evolving legal landscape. Notable cases include D.H. and Others v. Czech Republic, concerning alleged discrimination against Roma children in education. It is one of the first cases ever decided (not unanimously) by the Grand Chamber. This paper examines the protection of human rights under the ECHR in the Czech Republic, emphasizing the historical evolution of human rights protection in the territory of the present-day Czech Republic, constitutional aspects of the application of the ECHR, the nation’s relationship with the Council of Europe (CoE) and landmark cases involving the Czech Republic before the ECtHR. Czechoslovakia was the first post-communist country that ratified the ECHR. However, the process of readmission of the independent Czech Republic to the Council of Europe after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the subsequent retroactive binding of the ECHR on the Czech Republic has been associated with several problematic issues from the perspective of public international law doctrine. This article points out that this retroactive application of the ECHR effectively violated Art. 59 (1) of the ECHR [former Art. 66 (1)], which provides that the ECHR shall be open to the signature of the members of the Council of Europe only. The paper also discusses in more detail a position of the ECHR in the Czech legal order and, above all, the constitutional background to its application. It draws attention to the problematic jurisprudence of the Czech Constitutional Court, according to which human rights treaties, including the ECHR, are not only part of the Czech legal order, but even of the “constitutional order”. This conclusion is contrary to Article 10 and Article 112(1) of the Czech Constitution. Landmark cases involving the Czech Republic before ECtHR reveal its evolving legal landscape. Notable cases include D.H. and Others v. Czech Republic, concerning alleged discrimination against Roma children in education. It is one of the first cases ever decided (not unanimously) by the Grand Chamber.