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Törekvés a szociális biztonság megteremtésére – gondolatok a gondozási deficit összefüggéseiben
No full textAgeing can generally be defined as a policy that addresses the quality of life, needs, and social role of older people (primarily those over the age of 65) and is based on intergenerational social consensus. Public policy on ageing should aim to ensure that appropriate services are available for older people and their carers and that the available care capacity meets needs. However, this is not currently the case: as people age, the care capacities of capitalist societies are gradually becoming exhausted: this is the care crisis. The study was inspired by an examination of the relationship between Article XIX of the Fundamental Law and Section 2 of Act III of 1993 on Social Administration and Social Benefits, it is important to ask what role the state has in helping those in need, how far the state's constitutional obligation to help our fellow citizens in need extends, and where the limits of individual responsibility lie. All these questions become even more important in the context of the challenges of aging.Az idősügyi politika általánosan meghatározható úgy, mint az idősek (döntően 65 év felettiek) életminőségével, szükségleteivel és társadalmi szerepével foglalkozó politika, amely generációk közötti társadalmi konszenzuson alapul. Az időskorral kapcsolatos közpolitikának arra kell törekednie, hogy az idősek és gondozóik számára megfelelő szolgáltatások álljanak rendelkezésre, valamint, hogy a rendelkezésre álló gondozási kapacitások megfeleljenek a szükségleteknek. Jelenleg azonban ez nem így van: az időskor előrehaladtával a kapitalista társadalmak gondozási kapacitásai fokozatosan kimerülnek: ez a gondozási válság. A tanulmány megírását az ihlette, hogy az Alaptörvény XIX. cikke és a szociális igazgatásról és szociális ellátásokról szóló 1993. évi III. törvény (a továbbiakban Szt.) 2. §-ának összefüggéseit vizsgálva, fontos kérdés, hogy az államnak milyen feladata van a rászorulók segítésében, meddig terjed az állam alkotmányos kötelessége rászoruló embertársaink megsegítésére, és hol húzódik az egyén felelősségének határa. Mindezek a kérdések felértékelődnek az öregedés kihívásaival összefüggésben
A tájékoztatási kötelezettség mint alapelv a magánjogban
No full textThis paper argues that the duty to inform functions as a fundamental principle in private law. It exists in obligations, mainly in contracts, within its legal environment, serving as an inherent and accompanying obligation alongside primary duties. Although legal norms rarely articulate this role explicitly, the duty to inform takes part as a building block in the shaping of legal relationships. The paper explores the key elements of this duty, their interactions, itspractical operation, and the consequences of its violation. Through the means of judicial practice, and its legal regulation across national private laws and comparative private law, the study highlights the significance of consciously applying the duty to inform.A tanulmány azt kívánja alátámasztani, hogy a tájékoztatási kötelezettség egy meghatározó alapelve a magánjognak. A kötelmekben, főként a szerződésekben jelen lévő kísérőkötelezettség a főkötelezettségek mellett. Építőelemként vesz részt életviszonyok alakulásában, bár ilyen szerepet jogi norma közvetlenül ritkán fejez ki. A tanulmány áttekinti a tájékoztatási kötelezettség legfőbb összetevőit kölcsönhatásukban, a működését, megsértése következményeit a bírói gyakorlat alapján, a szabályozását a nemzeti magánjogokban és az összehasonlító magánjogban. Így hívja fel a figyelmet a tájékoztatási kötelezettség tudatos alkalmazásának fontosságára
The Protection of Human Rights under the ECHR and Central Europe: Poland
No full textThis article elucidates the process of Poland’s integration with the Council of Europe, and its commitment to the fuller implementation of the Council’s body of law, particularly the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights. Notably, the Council of Europe was the first Western organization to open its doors to Poland – the largest country in the region. The article focuses on the conditions underlying Poland’s accession to European structures and evaluates its progress in establishing dialogue and partnership with the other members of the organization. Furthermore, it examines whether aligning with European standards has been a linear process or encumbered with difficulties in the formulation and enforcement of legal norms. Additionally, the Poles’ participated in the democratization process and the extent to which they cooperated with other members of the Council of Europe in developing solutions beneficial to the statutory objectives of the organization are analysed. This article verifies whether the current political system of the Republic of Poland is fully compliant with the statutory requirements of the Council of Europe. Moreover, it examines the Polish decision-making process within the various decision-making bodies of the Council of Europe, Poland’s participation in the most important human rights conventions of the Council of Europe, and the implementation of obligations arising from the European Convention on Human Rights to domestic law. The article further illustrates how these obligations have been integrated into the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 and other legal acts, highlighting the role of Polish courts in applying the standards of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Key cases brought by Polish citizens to the Polish legal system are examined. Lastly, the article describes significant legal reforms in Poland over the last thirty years, the impact of Strasbourg rulings on Polish domestic law, and the challenges related to aligning the Polish legal system with European standards.This article elucidates the process of Poland’s integration with the Council of Europe, and its commitment to the fuller implementation of the Council’s body of law, particularly the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights. Notably, the Council of Europe was the first Western organization to open its doors to Poland – the largest country in the region. The article focuses on the conditions underlying Poland’s accession to European structures and evaluates its progress in establishing dialogue and partnership with the other members of the organization. Furthermore, it examines whether aligning with European standards has been a linear process or encumbered with difficulties in the formulation and enforcement of legal norms. Additionally, the Poles’ participated in the democratization process and the extent to which they cooperated with other members of the Council of Europe in developing solutions beneficial to the statutory objectives of the organization are analysed. This article verifies whether the current political system of the Republic of Poland is fully compliant with the statutory requirements of the Council of Europe. Moreover, it examines the Polish decision-making process within the various decision-making bodies of the Council of Europe, Poland’s participation in the most important human rights conventions of the Council of Europe, and the implementation of obligations arising from the European Convention on Human Rights to domestic law. The article further illustrates how these obligations have been integrated into the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 and other legal acts, highlighting the role of Polish courts in applying the standards of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Key cases brought by Polish citizens to the Polish legal system are examined. Lastly, the article describes significant legal reforms in Poland over the last thirty years, the impact of Strasbourg rulings on Polish domestic law, and the challenges related to aligning the Polish legal system with European standards.This article elucidates the process of Poland’s integration with the Council of Europe, and its commitment to the fuller implementation of the Council’s body of law, particularly the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights. Notably, the Council of Europe was the first Western organization to open its doors to Poland – the largest country in the region. The article focuses on the conditions underlying Poland’s accession to European structures and evaluates its progress in establishing dialogue and partnership with the other members of the organization. Furthermore, it examines whether aligning with European standards has been a linear process or encumbered with difficulties in the formulation and enforcement of legal norms. Additionally, the Poles’ participated in the democratization process and the extent to which they cooperated with other members of the Council of Europe in developing solutions beneficial to the statutory objectives of the organization are analysed. This article verifies whether the current political system of the Republic of Poland is fully compliant with the statutory requirements of the Council of Europe. Moreover, it examines the Polish decision-making process within the various decision-making bodies of the Council of Europe, Poland’s participation in the most important human rights conventions of the Council of Europe, and the implementation of obligations arising from the European Convention on Human Rights to domestic law. The article further illustrates how these obligations have been integrated into the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 and other legal acts, highlighting the role of Polish courts in applying the standards of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Key cases brought by Polish citizens to the Polish legal system are examined. Lastly, the article describes significant legal reforms in Poland over the last thirty years, the impact of Strasbourg rulings on Polish domestic law, and the challenges related to aligning the Polish legal system with European standards
Protection of Human Rights under the European Convention on Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union: The Case of Croatia
No full textThis study examines the role of the European Union (EU) and the Council of Europe in safeguarding fundamental rights. It examines the relationship between the two European courts, the differences in the protections afforded by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights compared with the European Convention on Human Rights, and the impact of both frameworks on human rights in Croatia. The study aims to demonstrate that the EU’s multi-layered human rights protection system has positively affected rights protection in member states and prompted essential changes in case law and the daily lives of individuals whose rights are frequently violated.This study examines the role of the European Union (EU) and the Council of Europe in safeguarding fundamental rights. It examines the relationship between the two European courts, the differences in the protections afforded by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights compared with the European Convention on Human Rights, and the impact of both frameworks on human rights in Croatia. The study aims to demonstrate that the EU’s multi-layered human rights protection system has positively affected rights protection in member states and prompted essential changes in case law and the daily lives of individuals whose rights are frequently violated.This study examines the role of the European Union (EU) and the Council of Europe in safeguarding fundamental rights. It examines the relationship between the two European courts, the differences in the protections afforded by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights compared with the European Convention on Human Rights, and the impact of both frameworks on human rights in Croatia. The study aims to demonstrate that the EU’s multi-layered human rights protection system has positively affected rights protection in member states and prompted essential changes in case law and the daily lives of individuals whose rights are frequently violated
Legújabb esetek az elévülésről az uniós- és állami támogatások, az uniós versenyjog és fogyasztóvédelem terén
No full textIn respectful memory of Professor György Bíró, our chosen topic concerns one of the important themes of his scientific work: the prescription. The discovery of the significance of the prescription was connected to the re-codification of the civil law, and today it is becoming a more and more important issue in the law of the European Union, in the context of state aid, consumer protection, and the private enforcement of competition law infringements under EU law.Bíró György professzorra tisztelettel emlékezve olyan témát választottunk, amely munkásságának egyik fontos területéhez, az elévüléshez kapcsolódik. Az elévülés jelentőségének felfedezése a polgári jogkodifikációjához kapcsolódott, napjainkban az európai unió jogában egyre nagyobb jelentőséggel bír, így az állami támogatások, a fogyasztóvédelem és a versenyjogi jogsértések magánjogi érvényesítése során
Influence of injection rate on wormhole morphology in matrix acidizing using carbonic acid: ONLINE FIRST (pre-proof)
No full textThis study examines the effect of varying injection rates on wormhole formation during matrix acidizing using a carbonic acid solution (30% CO₂ + 70% deionized water). Injection rates of 0.2, 0.5, and 1 cm³/min were tested, and the resulting wormhole structures were visualized using CT scanning. Results show that lower injection rates produce single, more efficient wormholes with minimal branching, while higher rates generate more branched, less efficient structures. Optimizing the injection rate is key to achieving effective wormhole formation, which can enhance flow in carbonate reservoirs
Pull-over: the application of physiotherapy treatments for sport climbers with pulley injury
No full textSummary: The objective of this research is to assess the condition of sport climbers with pulley injuries, to apply a complex physiotherapy and to study the effectiveness of the treatment.
Our study was carried out at the Kézklinika in Budapest between June and October 2024. 10 active sport climbers with at least 5 days of injury were investigated. For the assessment we used pain scores (VAS), mobility, muscle strength, flexibility and special tests. The physiotherapy consisted of passive and active elements, 10 sessions of 40 min each. Descriptive statistics were calculated using MS Excel, with results expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), in addition to median (Me) and interquartile range (IQR). To assess changes, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied, with a significance level set at p ≤ 0.05.
The study involved 10 participants (6 men), with a mean age of 29.3 ±10.9 years. The main complaint was pain, which was eliminated after treatment. The DIP joint flexion motion showed a strong significant change on both sides. Muscle strength on the affected side of the EDC showed a 16.3% increase. Finger flexors on the affected side with a half-closed grip at 25mm edge and 20mm edge showed a strong significant improvement (p=0.008, p=0.007).
All modalities showed positive changes, allowing a return to climbing. Properly structured rehabilitation and prevention programmes can help prevent further injuries
Factors affecting the success of lactation in the context of birth quality
No full textThe initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding are influenced by a wide range of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to explore how childbirth circumstances, particularly the quality of the birth experience and the availability of institutional support, affect the success of lactation. The authors conducted an online questionnaire survey in October 2021, resulting in 1,000 fully completed responses. The sample primarily included women residing in urban areas who were highly educated, aged between 25 and 34 years, and had given birth to more than one child. The collection of data was supplemented by semi-structured interviews conducted in the autumn of 2023 with mothers who had experienced difficult or noteworthy births. The findings of the study indicate that undisturbed birth and early skin-to-skin contact have a positive impact on maternal confidence and breastfeeding success. Conversely, traumatic childbirth experiences characterised by a loss of control have been more frequently associated with breastfeeding difficulties, maternal insecurity, and early weaning. Despite the quantitative analysis failing to demonstrate a statistically significant correlation between mode of delivery and breastfeeding problems, the qualitative data indicated a clear trend. The research also highlighted that the type of birth preparation, family background, and complex perinatal factors all contribute to lactation outcomes
Billenőasztal számítógéppel segített dinamikai elemzése
Get PDFThe paper presents the dynamic analysis of a tilting table with parallel kinematics. The dynamic analysis of the structure and the creation of the structure model will be performed with a 3D CAD software. The 3D model of the structure includes, among other things, the parameters necessary for the analysis, such as the dimensions and position of the parts, as well as the weight of the parts. During the dynamic analysis of the tilting table, the required actuator forces for the operation of the structure will be determined. Actuator forces are determined by the torque of the table’s central cardan joint in the case of the examined structure. Of course, the actuator forces depend on the installation location of the actuators, the mass of the moving parts, and the acceleration given by the displacement of the actuators.A cikk egy párhuzamos kinematikával rendelkező billenőasztal dinamikai elemzését mutatja be. A szerkezet dinamikai elemzése és a szerkezet modelljének elkészítése egy 3D-s CAD-szoftverrel lesz végrehajtva. A szerkezet 3D-s modellje többek között magában hordozza a vizsgálathoz szükséges paramétereket, úgymint, az alkatrészek méreteit és pozícióját, valamint az alkatrészek tömegét. A billenőasztal dinamikai elemzése során a szerkezet működéséhez szükséges aktuátorerők lesznek meghatározva. Az aktuátorerőket az asztal központi kardáncsuklójának elfordulási nyomatéka határozza meg a vizsgált szerkezet esetében. Természetesen az aktuátorerők függenek az aktuátorok beépítési helyétől, a mozgó alkatrészek tömegétől, valamint az aktuátorok elmozdulásából adódó gyorsulástól
Fatigue crack propagation in S1100M and S1300Q structural steels and their welded joints
Get PDFNowadays, in case of thick plates, materials with a yield strength of 1100 MPa or 1300 MPa are available, depending on the production method. However, the resistance of these materials to fatigue crack propagation (FCP) is still a question. Thus, in the present research work, tests are presented on the fatigue crack propagation resistance of S1100M and S1300Q base materials and their welded joints. For the welded joints two different types of filler materials from different strength categories were used, so these were also compared in the terms of fatigue crack propagation resistance. The results show a significant difference between cracks propagating in the rolling direction and in the thickness direction. However, for the two different filler metals, the resistance of the welded joints to fatigue crack propagation is considered to be the same. For S1100M, the fatigue fracture toughness of welded joints typically exceeds that of the base material. In the case of S1300Q, there is no significant difference between the fatigue fracture toughness of the base material and that of the welded joints.Nowadays, in case of thick plates, materials with a yield strength of 1100 MPa or 1300 MPa are available, depending on the production method. However, the resistance of these materials to fatigue crack propagation (FCP) is still a question. Thus, in the present research work, tests are presented on the fatigue crack propagation resistance of S1100M and S1300Q base materials and their welded joints. For the welded joints two different types of filler materials from different strength categories were used, so these were also compared in the terms of fatigue crack propagation resistance. The results show a significant difference between cracks propagating in the rolling direction and in the thickness direction. However, for the two different filler metals, the resistance of the welded joints to fatigue crack propagation is considered to be the same. For S1100M, the fatigue fracture toughness of welded joints typically exceeds that of the base material. In the case of S1300Q, there is no significant difference between the fatigue fracture toughness of the base material and that of the welded joints