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Deep learning-based gross vehicle weight estimation in Bridge Weigh-in-Motion by using sensors in one cross-section
Get PDFGross Vehicle Weight (GVW) estimation plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety, maintainability, and sustainability of road transportation by identifying and filtering out overloaded vehicles. Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM) systems enable the determination of axle loads, vehicle speeds, axle spacings, and other vehicle parameters as they cross a bridge, using data from strain gauges installed beneath the bridge deck. This paper proposes a novel deep learning-based GVW estimation method designed for B-WIM systems equipped with sensors at a single cross-section. Unlike conventional axle load estimation-based GVW estimators, the proposed method does not rely on vehicle speed estimation or axle detection steps. The method is evaluated on an annotated dataset of 91 vehicles measured on the Monostori Bridge. Results demonstrate B+ accuracy with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 2.47% for GVW estimation in accordance with the COST 323 Weigh-in-Motion classification standard. Furthermore, the proposed solution can be integrated into standard B-WIM pipelines using ensemble models. Tests on the same dataset indicate that the ensemble approach may outperform existing B-WIM pipelines in GVW estimation accuracy by reducing the Mean Absolute Percentage Error by 0.1%.Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) estimation plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety, maintainability, and sustainability of road transportation by identifying and filtering out overloaded vehicles. Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM) systems enable the determination of axle loads, vehicle speeds, axle spacings, and other vehicle parameters as they cross a bridge, using data from strain gauges installed beneath the bridge deck. This paper proposes a novel deep learning-based GVW estimation method designed for B-WIM systems equipped with sensors at a single cross-section. Unlike conventional axle load estimation-based GVW estimators, the proposed method does not rely on vehicle speed estimation or axle detection steps. The method is evaluated on an annotated dataset of 91 vehicles measured on the Monostori Bridge. Results demonstrate B+ accuracy with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 2.47% for GVW estimation in accordance with the COST 323 Weigh-in-Motion classification standard. Furthermore, the proposed solution can be integrated into standard B-WIM pipelines using ensemble models. Tests on the same dataset indicate that the ensemble approach may outperform existing B-WIM pipelines in GVW estimation accuracy by reducing the Mean Absolute Percentage Error by 0.1%
A nemzetközi kereskedelem: Hogyan befolyásolják a kereskedelmi kapcsolatok a gazdasági növekedést?
Get PDFThis study explores the significance of international trade as a solution to the problem faced by countries that struggle to achieve self-sufficiency in goods and services. This struggle is often due to factors like the nature of the products or the lack of capital, technology, or modern management in some nations, which prevents them from producing goods at a lower cost. The aim of the research is to highlight the role of foreign trade in enhancing and developing the local economy, providing it with foreign currencies, and understanding the key methods of this trade.
The findings suggest that foreign trade has emerged as a response to profound changes in the global economy and the challenges encountered by developing countries. These challenges include attempts by industrialized capitalist nations to exert control over international markets and to dominate the developing world.Ez a tanulmány a külkereskedelem (nemzetközi kereskedelem) jelentőségét tárja fel, mint megoldást azon országok problémájára, amelyekkel az áruk és szolgáltatások önellátásáért küzdenek. Ez a küzdelem gyakran olyan tényezőknek tudható be, mint a termékek természete vagy a tőke, a technológia vagy a modern menedzsment hiánya egyes országokban, ami megakadályozza őket abban, hogy alacsonyabb költséggel állítsanak elő árukat. A kutatás célja, hogy rávilágítson a külkereskedelem szerepére a helyi gazdaság élénkítésében, fejlesztésében, külföldi valutákkal való ellátásában, valamint e kereskedelem kulcsfontosságú módszereinek megértésében.Az eredmények arra utalnak, hogy a külkereskedelem a globális gazdaság mélyreható változásaira és a fejlődő országok előtt álló kihívásokra adott válaszként jelent meg. E kihívások közé tartoznak az iparosodott kapitalista nemzetek arra irányuló kísérletei, hogy ellenőrzést gyakoroljanak a nemzetközi piacok felett, és uralják a fejlődő világot
A platformalapú munkavégzés és annak új szabályozási irányai az Európai Unióban
Get PDFNowadays, the employment relationships are undergoing a major transformation, typically due to the growing popularity of the ICT network. More and more people are doing their tasks through some form of digital device or application, which causes a number of challenges but also new solutions for the labour market. Therefore, it is essential to regulate these specific forms of employment, since – especially on the grounds of judicial practice – the absence of such regulation leaves many problems will remain, and ultimately, it is the people with preacarious status who will suffer from this situation. This study will explore the characteristics of platform work, examine the Curia (Hungarian Supreme Court) judgment of december 2023 on the determination of status of platform employee, and finally I will examine the Platform Directive adopted by the European Parliament and the Council in April 2024, regarding the labour law implications of certain provisions of it.Napjainkban a munkaviszonyok jelentős átalakuláson mennek keresztül. Jellemzően ez annak köszönhető, hogy az infokommunikációs hálózat folyamatos, nagyobb terjedelmű népszerűségnek örvend. Egyre többen végzik tevékenységüket valamilyen számítástechnikai eszköz, digitális alkalmazás által, ami számos kihívással jár, ugyanakkor új megoldást is hoz magával a munkaerőpiacra tekintettel. Éppen ezért elengedhetetlen ezen speciális foglalkoztatásiformák jogi szabályozása, mivel – különösen a bírói gyakorlatban – ennek hiányában rengeteg probléma marad felszínen, így pedig végső soron ennek a bizonytalan státuszú személyek lesznek elszenvedői. Jelen tanulmány a platformmunka jellemzőinek feltárását, a hazai ítélkezési gyakorlatot – különösen a 2023 decemberében hozott kúriai ítéletét, végezetül pedig az Európai Parlament és a Tanács által 2024 áprilisában elfogadott Platformirányelv egyes rendelkezéseinek munkajogi vonatkozásait foglalja magában
Legal Status of a Man in Assisted Reproductive Technology in Polish Law
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to describe the legal status of a man who is a donor of reproductive cells; he might be the husband or cohabiting partner of a woman who is to be a recipient of either these cells or an embryo created from them. The author answers the question of whether this man, in the capacity of a husband, partner, and father, is treated as a subject in medical procedures related to artificial insemination. He stresses that the Polish Law of 25 June 2015, on the treatment of infertility—with its many weaknesses, which, however, are not the subject of this article—makes only married couples and cohabiting heterosexual couples eligible for the assisted reproductive technology treatment. This should be viewed positively as a protection of children’s rights, including the right to live in the family. Special attention has been paid to those provisions that relate to both the informed consent of a man to perform medical procedures and the withdrawal of his consent. In conclusion, the view expressed was that the Polish legislation adequately regulates this issue.The purpose of this article is to describe the legal status of a man who is a donor of reproductive cells; he might be the husband or cohabiting partner of a woman who is to be a recipient of either these cells or an embryo created from them. The author answers the question of whether this man, in the capacity of a husband, partner, and father, is treated as a subject in medical procedures related to artificial insemination. He stresses that the Polish Law of 25 June 2015, on the treatment of infertility—with its many weaknesses, which, however, are not the subject of this article—makes only married couples and cohabiting heterosexual couples eligible for the assisted reproductive technology treatment. This should be viewed positively as a protection of children’s rights, including the right to live in the family. Special attention has been paid to those provisions that relate to both the informed consent of a man to perform medical procedures and the withdrawal of his consent. In conclusion, the view expressed was that the Polish legislation adequately regulates this issue.The purpose of this article is to describe the legal status of a man who is a donor of reproductive cells; he might be the husband or cohabiting partner of a woman who is to be a recipient of either these cells or an embryo created from them. The author answers the question of whether this man, in the capacity of a husband, partner, and father, is treated as a subject in medical procedures related to artificial insemination. He stresses that the Polish Law of 25 June 2015, on the treatment of infertility—with its many weaknesses, which, however, are not the subject of this article—makes only married couples and cohabiting heterosexual couples eligible for the assisted reproductive technology treatment. This should be viewed positively as a protection of children’s rights, including the right to live in the family. Special attention has been paid to those provisions that relate to both the informed consent of a man to perform medical procedures and the withdrawal of his consent. In conclusion, the view expressed was that the Polish legislation adequately regulates this issue
Criminal sanctions against legal persons and their limitations due to the ne bis in idem principle
Get PDFThis study examines the system of criminal sanctions applicable to legal persons. The introduction and first part of the paper briefly outlines some general questions and the systematization of sanctions. The sections that follow respectively introduce and discuss various types of corporate criminal sanctions. Thereafter, the principles of sanctioning are examined. The final section is devoted to examining the limitations of sanctions due to the ne bis in idem principle.This study examines the system of criminal sanctions applicable to legal persons. The introduction and first part of the paper briefly outlines some general questions and the systematization of sanctions. The sections that follow respectively introduce and discuss various types of corporate criminal sanctions. Thereafter, the principles of sanctioning are examined. The final section is devoted to examining the limitations of sanctions due to the ne bis in idem principle.This study examines the system of criminal sanctions applicable to legal persons. The introduction and first part of the paper briefly outlines some general questions and the systematization of sanctions. The sections that follow respectively introduce and discuss various types of corporate criminal sanctions. Thereafter, the principles of sanctioning are examined. The final section is devoted to examining the limitations of sanctions due to the ne bis in idem principle
Az adótitok a magyar és az amerikai bírósági joggyakorlatban: A köz- és magánpénzügyi konfliktusok néhány ítélkezési szempontja
Get PDFThere is a significant theoretical and historical literature on tax privacy, as well as judicial practice. However, the study aims to provide a practical overview of this subject area using domestic and foreign (American) examples without a detailed discussion of the theoretical background of tax privacy, primarily by presenting court and constitutional court decisions, taking into account that in American case law, in addition to the traditional tax administration-taxpayer relationship, which includes the frameworks and possibilities for obtaining information by the tax authority (government), it may also be necessary to obtain data falling within the scope of protection of tax privacy in order to support private law claims.Az adótitoknak (tax privacy) jelentős elméleti és történeti szakirodalma, továbbá bírósági joggyakorlata létezik. A tanulmány azonban a hazai és külföldi (amerikai) példákon kíván joggyakorlati áttekintést adni e tárgykörről az adótitok elméleti hátterének részletes tárgyalása nélkül, elsősorban bírósági, alkotmánybírósági döntések bemutatásával, figyelemmel arra is, hogy az amerikai esetjogban a hagyományos, az adóhatósági (kormányzati) információszerzési kereteket és lehetőségeket magában foglaló adóigazgatás-adózó viszonyon túlmenően a magánjogi követelések alátámasztásához is szükség lehet az adótitok védelmi körébe tartozó adatok megszerzésére
Determinants of Dietary Supplement Consumption Among International Students in the University of Debrecen: Integrating Social Media Usage and Health Consciousness into the Theory of Planned Behavior
Get PDFDietary supplements are popular globally and may be more susceptible due to specific challenges encountered abroad. This study looks at the factors affecting their consumption at the University of Debrecen using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).
An online cross-sectional survey design measuring attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, health consciousness, social media usage, and intention to purchase dietary supplements was used. 320 international students provided data online for convenience sampling.
Due to social media use, health consciousness, and subjective norms, international students typically had positive attitudes regarding dietary supplements. A sense of behavioral control suggested self-assurance in acquiring and ingesting supplements.
The findings emphasized the significance of social media usage, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and health consciousness in influencing purchase intentions. The results offer guidance for creating focused interventions that support responsible and well-informed supplement use.
Social Acceptance of Nuclear Energy Among Y and Z-Generation Hungarian Residents
Get PDFGovernments all over the world are trying to find the balance between the constantly increasing electricity demand of their countries’ economy, while mitigating the negative effects of energy generation on the atmosphere (especially CO2 emission). Nuclear energy generation seems like a solid solution for both problems; however, the technology itself is considered as a two-edged sword by many people because of the negative effects of a possible accident. To understand people’s attitude, scholars and researchers developed several behavioral and technology acceptance models such as TPB, TAM, and Risk-Benefit Concept, which they used successfully in many countries to investigate energy-related topics. This study aims to scrutinize the social acceptance of nuclear energy generation among Y and Z generation Hungarian residents to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that could support the acceptance and promotion of the technology. For this purpose, a unique theoretical framework has been developed (by mixing the above-mentioned behavioral and technology acceptance models) and tested via survey method, where the gathered data has confirmed the importance of the influencing factors of the model
Comparative investigation of eggshell’s particle size distribution as foaming agent for manufacturing glass foam: ONLINE FIRST (pre-proof)
No full textVarious waste materials have been repurposed as secondary raw materials for producing environmentally friendly building products. One type is glass foam which is a thermal insulation material. To produce glass foams, glass powder is mixed with a foaming agent and treated at temperatures higher than 600 °C to inflict gas formation. An essential step in preparing the raw materials is grinding them to an optimal particle size range. Eggshells, due to their high calcium carbonate content, can serve as a foaming agent. However, their plate-like structure makes it challenging to accurately determine size parameters. This study presents a comparison of two different analytical methods—laser diffraction (LD) and dynamic image analysis (DIA). The results show that as grinding time increases, particle size decreases and sphericity improves. Particle breakage begins after 16 minutes achieving optimal size at 30 minutes. Consistency in measurement methods is found at 60 minutes of grinding as particles become more compact and spherical
Modern mobilizációs technika a kardiológiában
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The forced posture and reduced thoracic mobility of patients with median sternotomy cardiac surgery have a negative impact on the success of their rehabilitation. The problems of muscle shortening and imbalances and pain cannot be sufficiently addressed by active physical therapy alone. Soft tissue techniques must also be used to address functional deficits. The introduction of modern fascia-focused soft tissue techniques should be considered in the early post-operative rehabilitation of this patient group. Therefore, during the control group practical study, 22 patients who underwent median sternotomy were evaluated and treated at the St. Francis Hospital, Cardiology Rehabilitation Department, Central Hospital and University Teaching Hospital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Hungary, during August-November 2023 by integrating Myofascial Mobilization Therapy. A complete physiotherapy evaluation of your patients was performed at the beginning and at the end of the study. In addition to the anamnesis, the patients' posture, head posture, shoulder joint and shoulder girdle movements, active muscle strength, chest excursion, voluntary apnea test and pain level were measured using VAS scale. By evaluating these initial and final scores and examining the changes compared to the control group, we investigated the efficacy and applicability of the Myofascial Mobilization Therapy. The fascia knife therapy is safe and well adaptable in the studied patient population. Promoted the normalisation of posture, significantly increased range of shoulder and shoulder girdle movements, reduced scar pain, increased chest compressions and muscle strength compared to the control group. Besides these, no negative effects were detected.Összefoglalás:
A medián sternotómiás szívműtött betegek kényszer testtartása, illetve csökkent mellkas mobilitása negatív hatással van a rehabilitációjuk sikerességére. Az izom rövidülések és diszbalanszok és fájdalom adta problémakört nem elégséges csak aktív gyógytornával kezelni. A funkcionális deficitek megoldására lágyrész technikák alkalmazása javallt. A modern fascia szemléletű lágyrész technikák bevezetése az adott betegcsoport korai posztoperatív rehabilitációjában mérlegelendő. Ezért a kontroll csoportos gyakorlati kutatás során 22 fő medián sternotómián átesett beteget vizsgáltunk és kezeltünk a Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Vármegyei Központi Kórház és Egyetemi Oktatókórház Szent Ferenc Tagkórház, Kardiológiai Rehabilitációs Osztályán 2023. augusztus és november közötti időszakban Eszközös Myofascia Mobilizációs Terápia integrálásával. A kutatás kezdetén és végén is megtörtént a betegetek teljeskörű fizioterápiás vizsgálata. Az anamnézisen kívül, a betegek testtartását, fejtartását, vállízület és vállöv mozgásait, aktív izomerőt, mellkas kitérést, akaratlagos apnoe tesztet, illetve a fájdalom mértékét VAS skálával mértük meg. Ezen kezdeti-, és záró értékek kiértékelése és a kontroll csoporthoz viszonyított változások vizsgálatával kutattuk az Eszközös Myofascia Mobilizációs Terápia hatásosságát, alkalmazhatóságát. A fascia kés terápia biztonságosan és jól adaptálható a kutatott betegcsoporton. Elősegítette a testtartás normalizálódását, jelentősen növelte a váll és vállöv mozgásainak tartományát, csökkentette a heg fájdalmát, növelte a mellkaskitérés mértékét és az izomerőt a kontroll csoporthoz viszonyítva. Ezek mellett negatív hatást nem detektáltunk