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Solidarity in the Context of Migration: A Philosophical Perspective
Get PDFSolidarity is a permanent component of social life. In this sense, it becomes a transformative value that clearly connects people and their projects with others. The current situation in the world sharpens the issue of human solidarity. War, migration crises, aggressive globalization, territorial elitism, consumerism, populism, and the ideologization of social discourse lead to the distortion or elimination of the idea of solidarity. Nowadays, there are multi-level and multi-directional changes and transformations in individual and social ethos. Therefore, understanding solidarity requires an analysis of the context in which it is applied, as well as basic scientific assumptions. The article addresses this issue in the context of migration. It consists of three main elements: 1/ Firstly, it explains the philosophical phenomenon of solidarity as a very complex and multi-faceted individual and social reality; 2/ It portrays solidarity as a European virtue and value, which today seems to be experiencing certain difficulties in the EU’s migration policy, particularly revealed by the refugee crisis; 3/ It presents several ways of reflecting on solidarity in the light of representatives of contemporary philosophy and theoreticians of political thought (H.G. Gadamer, J. Dean, A. Grimmel, J. Tischner). These proposals can become an opportunity and a call to reflect on solidarity in times of its axiological and actual deficit.Solidarity is a permanent component of social life. In this sense, it becomes a transformative value that clearly connects people and their projects with others. The current situation in the world sharpens the issue of human solidarity. War, migration crises, aggressive globalization, territorial elitism, consumerism, populism, and the ideologization of social discourse lead to the distortion or elimination of the idea of solidarity. Nowadays, there are multi-level and multi-directional changes and transformations in individual and social ethos. Therefore, understanding solidarity requires an analysis of the context in which it is applied, as well as basic scientific assumptions. The article addresses this issue in the context of migration. It consists of three main elements: 1/ Firstly, it explains the philosophical phenomenon of solidarity as a very complex and multi-faceted individual and social reality; 2/ It portrays solidarity as a European virtue and value, which today seems to be experiencing certain difficulties in the EU’s migration policy, particularly revealed by the refugee crisis; 3/ It presents several ways of reflecting on solidarity in the light of representatives of contemporary philosophy and theoreticians of political thought (H.G. Gadamer, J. Dean, A. Grimmel, J. Tischner). These proposals can become an opportunity and a call to reflect on solidarity in times of its axiological and actual deficit
Pedagogika Jana Amosa Komeńskiego w kontekście wychowania resocjalizującego
Get PDFThe aim of the conducted discourse analysis was to find in Comenius\u27s concept of education assertions that may also be present in the methodology of social rehabilitation education. Selected texts by Comenius were analysed and compared with contemporary concepts of social rehabilitation pedagogy. The analytical-critical method was used in the analyses. Results: The social rehabilitation pedagogy uses the methods of upbringing that Comenius proposed in education. These are the principles of acceptance, direct reciprocity, and motivating, activating, and stimulating methods. The themes of educational inclusion were found in Comenius\u27 concept.Celem prowadzonych w artykule analiz było odnalezienie takich wątków w koncepcji edukacji Jana Amosa Komeńskiego, które mieszczą się w teorii i metodyce wy-chowania resocjalizującego. Przeanalizowano wybrane teksty i komentarze do pism Komeńskiego, a następnie – poprzez zastosowanie metody analityczno-krytycznej – zestawiono je ze współczesnymi propozycjami mieszczącymi się w obszarze teoretycznym i metodycznym pedagogiki resocjalizacyjnej. Wnioski jedynie uogólniono, stwierdzając, że do dnia dzisiejszego niektóre metody wychowawcze zaproponowane przez Jana Amosa Komeńskiego pozostają aktualne w wychowaniu resocjalizującym. Są to pedagogiczne zasady akceptacji i wzajemności oraz metody motywujące, aktywizujące, stymulujące i dramowe. Pośrednio odnaleziono u niego wątki inkluzyjne. W pozostałych przypadkach teorie wychowania resocjalizacyjnego są zasadniczo odmienne od koncepcji Komeńskiego
O konceptualizacji pojęcia odličan w języku serbskim: analiza synonimii i budowy wewnętrznej wyrazu
Get PDFThe word odličan ‘excellentʼ is used to express a positive evaluation and has a large number of synonyms, but for many of them the lexicographic sources do not provide information about the possibility of using them for expressing evaluation. Moreover, although the inner word-form of the word odličan speaks only of general standing out from other objects, the word itself is used only in a positive sense. The inner word-form semantic analysis gives the answer to the question why all the analyzed synonyms can be used for giving a positive evaluation. The article draws attention to a deep conceptual relationship between words with the meaning of dobar ‘goodʼ and odličan ‘excellentʼ, because the same basic conceptual metaphors are used in their synonyms (dobar / odličan is up / big). It was also established that words with a positive connotation are found in the inner word-form of synonyms of odličan or in their definitions, including those that indicate a relationship between a positive general assessment and a positive aesthetic assessment. The meaning of odličan differs from “ordinary” objects in such a way that it can be conceptually associated with realm of the fantastic or unreal, which in turn triggers an emotional reaction in the observer. The language reveals that objects that are evaluated positively are treated in a unique way: they are set apart from others, they function as a topic of conversation, they acquire general approval and obtain a special status in society.The word odličan ‘excellentʼ is used to express a positive evaluation and has a large number of synonyms, but for many of them the lexicographic sources do not provide information about the possibility of using them for expressing evaluation. Moreover, although the inner word-form of the word odličan speaks only of general standing out from other objects, the word itself is used only in a positive sense. The inner word-form semantic analysis gives the answer to the question why all the analyzed synonyms can be used for giving a positive evaluation. The article draws attention to a deep conceptual relationship between words with the meaning of dobar ‘goodʼ and odličan ‘excellentʼ, because the same basic conceptual metaphors are used in their synonyms (dobar / odličan is up / big). It was also established that words with a positive connotation are found in the inner word-form of synonyms of odličan or in their definitions, including those that indicate a relationship between a positive general assessment and a positive aesthetic assessment. The meaning of odličan differs from “ordinary” objects in such a way that it can be conceptually associated with realm of the fantastic or unreal, which in turn triggers an emotional reaction in the observer. The language reveals that objects that are evaluated positively are treated in a unique way: they are set apart from others, they function as a topic of conversation, they acquire general approval and obtain a special status in society
Internetowe słowniki jednojęzyczne do nauki angielskiego
No full textDue to the development of technology, well-established publishers began to provide their English Monolingual Learner\u27s Dictionaries (MLDs) online and free of charge. Dictionaries of this type have their own history, as well as common and distinctive features. The article presents a brief outline of the subsequent stages of the development of English Monolingual Dictionaries, with special reference to MLDs available online. Also, the article includes a synthetic description of the primary and secondary components of a dictionary entry and demonstrates if these components are present or absent in three online Monolingual Learner\u27s Dictionaries: the Cambridge Dictionary, the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, and the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary. The article aims to characterise, compare and contrast some of the features of a typical entry in online English MLDs. Consequently, the scientific approach adopted in the analysis is a mixture of the comparative and the empirical method. Unlike previous topic-related research, the present study shows both common and distinctive features of the mentioned dictionaries and hints at their practical advantages (from the point of view of the end user).Due to the development of technology, well-established publishers began to provide their English Monolingual Learner\u27s Dictionaries (MLDs) online and free of charge. Dictionaries of this type have their own history, as well as common and distinctive features. The article presents a brief outline of the subsequent stages of the development of English Monolingual Dictionaries, with special reference to MLDs available online. Also, the article includes a synthetic description of the primary and secondary components of a dictionary entry and demonstrates if these components are present or absent in three online Monolingual Learner\u27s Dictionaries: the Cambridge Dictionary, the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, and the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary. The article aims to characterise, compare and contrast some of the features of a typical entry in online English MLDs. Consequently, the scientific approach adopted in the analysis is a mixture of the comparative and the empirical method. Unlike previous topic-related research, the present study shows both common and distinctive features of the mentioned dictionaries and hints at their practical advantages (from the point of view of the end user)
Artificial Neural Network based on mathematical models used in quantum computing
Get PDFThe article is a proposition of a new approach to building a neural model based on the system of Day-Ahead Market operating at TGE S.A. The reason for the proposed method is an attempt to find a better model for the DAM system. The proposed methodology is based on using mathematical models used in quantum computing. All calculations performed on learning the Artificial Neuron Network are based on operations described in Hilbert space. The main idea of calculations is to replace the data from the decimal system into the quantum state in Hilbert space and perform learning operations for a neural model of the DAM system in a special manner which relay on the teaching model for each position of the quantum register for all data. The obtained results were compared to the “classical” neural model with the use of a comparative model
Analysis of data quoted on the Day-Ahead Market of TGE S.A. using Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox
Get PDFThe publication contains the results of research in the field of cluster analysis carried out using data quoted on the Day-Ahead Market of TGE S.A. Two methods were used in the analysis, one hierarchical known as the Ward’s method, and the other non-hierarchical - the k-means method. Many interesting research results have been obtained, which are illustrated, among others, in in the form of dendrograms, silhouette graphs and graphs in the form of clusters. Data on the volume and the volumeweighted average price of electricity were examined for various types of quotations: fixing 1, fixing 2 and continuous quotations. The research was carried out in the MATLAB and Simulink environments using a library called Machine and Statistics Learning Toolbox. Selected test results were interpreted
Comparative study of the efficiency, effectiveness and robustness of the TGE S.A. Day-Ahead Market model and system
Get PDFThe article contains selected results of comparative research on the quality of the parametric model, corrected in selected situations with the use of ANN and the Day-Ahead Market system of TGE S.A. carried out in MATLAB and Simulink. The System Identification Toolbox library was used for identification tests and Simulink for simulation and comparative tests. The comparative studies used suchmeasures of model and system quality as: efficiency, effectiveness and robustness. Their waveforms as well as their average values and absolute errors and relative errors between the identification model or the identification-neural model and the system were obtained. The results of general tests were shown for the hours: 6:00, 12:00, 18:00 and 24:00 in 2019, and the detailed tests for 6:00. The sensitivity of the waveforms obtained in terms of model quality and the Day-Ahead Market system was also tested, depending on the assumed values of such parameters as e.g. electricity volume or volume-weighted average price of electricity
Selection of an algorithm for classifying data quoted on the Day Ahead Market of TGE S.A. in MATLAB and Simulink using Deep Learning Toolbox
Get PDFThe article contains an analysis leading to the selection of an algorithm for classifying data listed on the Day-Ahead Market of TGE S.A. in MATLAB and Simulink using Deep Learning Toolbox. In this regard, an introduction to deep learning methods, classification methods, and classification algorithms is provided first. Particular attention was paid to the essence of three important deep learningmethods in the classification, i.e. the methods called: Stochastic Gradient Descent Momentum, Root Mean Square Prop and Adaptive Moment Estimation. Then, three architectures of artificial neural networks used in deep learning were characterized, i.e.: Deep Belief Network, Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network. Attention was paid to the selection parameters of algorithms for learning deep artificial neural networks that can be used in classification, such as: accuracy, information losses and learning time. Practical aspects of research experiments were also shown, including selected results of research conducted on volume and fixing 1 data quoted on the TGE S.A. Day-Ahead Market. After analyzing the obtained test results for the hourly system, it was noted that the least suitable algorithm for classification purposes was the Stochastic Gradient Descent Momentum algorithm, which in each case had worse results than the other two algorithms, i.e. the Adaptive Moment Estimation algorithm and the Root Mean algorithm Square Prop. However, the best algorithm turned out to be the Adaptive Moment Estimation algorithm, which obtained the highest accuracy, which was at a level comparable to the Root Mean Square Prop algorithm, with the latter algorithm having larger losses
Polityka młodzieżowa i oświata jako wyzwanie współczesności. Działalność badawcza Swietłany Szczudło (1974-2022)
Get PDFWpływ wojny w Ukrainie na rozwój NATO. Wizja NATO 2030
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to analyze potential scenarios for the outcome of the armed conflict in Ukraine and its political and military consequences for NATO, taking into account the political and military decisions associated with the NATO Summit in Madrid in 2022, the new NATO Strategic Concept (NSC) of 2022, and the NATO 2030 Agenda. The outcome of the conflict in Ukraine will unequivocally determine the political, institutional, and military capacity of the NATO Alliance. Furthermore, non-Western political and military integration platforms such as CSTO, BRICS, and SCO will enhance the level of political, economic, and military cooperation among their member states. Therefore, the strategic perspective of a possible decline in the political, economic, and military capabilities of the United States and NATO, and an increase in the political, economic, and military capabilities of BRICS and SCO, becomes plausible. Agenda 2030 presents strategic development proposals for NATO, including deeper political and military consultations among the Allies, strengthening deterrence and defense capabilities, upholding the rules-based international order, enhancing resilience, maintaining technological superiority, continuing the NATO Open Door Policy, increasing training and capacity-building efforts, addressing and adapting to climate change, investing in NATO\u27s financial capabilities, and allocating resources to the defense budgets of member states within the Alliance. A political challenge that remains is the political coherence of the Alliance regarding NATO\u27s Open Door Policy, including Ukraine\u27s accession as a member state, as well as political, economic, and military cooperation between the Russian Federation and China.Celem artykułu jest analiza możliwych scenariuszy wyniku konfliktu zbrojnego na Ukrainie oraz konsekwencji politycznych i militarnych dla NATO, przy uwzględnieniu decyzji politycznych i militarnych związanych ze Szczytem NATO w Madrycie w 2022 roku, nową Koncepcją Strategiczną NATO (NSC) z 2022 roku i Agendą NATO 2030. Wynik konfliktu na Ukrainie jednoznacznie określi zdolność polityczną, instytucjonalną i militarną Sojuszu NATO. Ponadto niezachodnie platformy integracji politycznej i militarnych, takie jak CSTO, BRICS, SCO zwiększą poziom współpracy politycznej, gospodarczej i militarnej ich państw członkowskich. Dlatego strategiczna perspektywa możliwego spadku zdolności politycznych, gospodarczych i militarnych Stanów Zjednoczonych i NATO oraz wzrostu zdolności politycznych, gospodarczych i militarnych BRICS i SCO stają się prawdopodobne. Agenda 2030 przedstawia strategiczne propozycje rozwoju NATO – pogłębione konsultacje polityczne i wojskowe między Sojusznikami, wzmocnienie zdolności odstraszania i obrony, utrzymanie opartego na zasadach międzynarodowego porządku, zwiększenie odporności, utrzymanie przewagi technologicznej, kontynuowanie Polityki Otwartych Drzwi NATO, zwiększenie szkoleń i budowanie zdolności, walka i dostosowanie się do zmian klimatycznych, inwestowanie w zdolności finansowe NATO oraz alokacja zasobów na budżety obronne państw członkowskich Sojuszu. Wyzwaniem politycznym pozostaje: spójność polityczna Sojuszu w kwestii Polityki Otwartych Drzwi NATO, w tym przystąpienia Ukrainy jako państwa członkowskiego oraz współpraca w dziedzinie politycznej, gospodarczej i militarnej między Federacją Rosyjską a Chinami