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From the history of research on the hisory of the areas of Łosice County
Get PDFPowiat łosicki posiada bogatą, wartą badań historię. Pomimo że dotychczas nie doczekał się monograficznego opracowania swych dziejów, w przeszłości podejmowano wiele inicjatyw badawczych, które skutkowały wieloma publikacjami dotyczącymi wąskich tematycznie aspektów przeszłości. Znaczna część z nich związana jest z działalnością Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Ziemi Łosickiej. Artykuł stanowi analizę dotychczasowych badań historycznych tego terenuŁosice County has a rich history worth researching. Although it has not yet had a monographic study of its history, many research initiatives have been undertaken in the past, resulting in many publications on narrow thematic aspects of the past. A significant part of them is related to the activities of the Society of Friends of the Łosice Land. The article is an analysis of previous historical research in this area
Investigating the Scenes of Daily Activities on Ancient Elamite seals during the Susa II Period
Get PDFA seal is typically made of stone or mineral material, ivory, shell, metal, wood, clay, or a combination of bitumen, and usually bears an engraved design. In this study, we aim to examine and analyze the scenes related to daily activities depicted on Elamite seals. In this research, 29 seal impressions associated with scenes of daily activities from the Susa II period have been investigated and evaluated. The selection of these seal impressions was based on factors such as the clear location of discovery, precise dating, clarity of the designs and scenes on the seal (lack of damage to the engraving), and the credibility of the source providing information about the seal and its impression. In this study, Elamite seals (Susa II) have been compared in terms of iconography, classification, and then with contemporaneous seals in Mesopotamia. Generally, the motifs observed on Elamite seals of the Susa II period that can be classified within the framework of daily activities include: agriculture and cultivation, animal husbandry, issuance and transportation of goods, activities related to grain storage, workshop activities, hunting, and minstrelsy. By examining these motifs, it can be observed that women were often engaged in agricultural activities, work in various workshops such as pottery and weaving, and some activities related to animal husbandry, while men were engaged in more physically demanding and time-consuming tasks; for example, men were more involved in agriculture, hunting, animal husbandry, and laboring.A seal is typically made of stone or mineral material, ivory, shell, metal, wood, clay, or a combination of bitumen, and usually bears an engraved design. In this study, we aim to examine and analyze the scenes related to daily activities depicted on Elamite seals. In this research, 29 seal impressions associated with scenes of daily activities from the Susa II period have been investigated and evaluated. The selection of these seal impressions was based on factors such as the clear location of discovery, precise dating, clarity of the designs and scenes on the seal (lack of damage to the engraving), and the credibility of the source providing information about the seal and its impression. In this study, Elamite seals (Susa II) have been compared in terms of iconography, classification, and then with contemporaneous seals in Mesopotamia. Generally, the motifs observed on Elamite seals of the Susa II period that can be classified within the framework of daily activities include: agriculture and cultivation, animal husbandry, issuance and transportation of goods, activities related to grain storage, workshop activities, hunting, and minstrelsy. By examining these motifs, it can be observed that women were often engaged in agricultural activities, work in various workshops such as pottery and weaving, and some activities related to animal husbandry, while men were engaged in more physically demanding and time-consuming tasks; for example, men were more involved in agriculture, hunting, animal husbandry, and laboring
Archaeological Studies and Statistical Analysis of Sasanian Coins (Drachm) from Tis Village in Southeast of Iran
Get PDFIn 2002 AD, a hoard comprising of 183 coins was discovered by workers during the construction of a road near a village within the environs of Tis near Chabahar in Southeastern Iran. From this cache of 183 coins, 157 are currently preserved in the Museum of Zahedan and are used in this study. To date, no research has been conducted on any of the coins, which are arranged in albums with only a small number displaying details of their various properties. Initial research involved identifying the coins, identifying and recording their exact location, and developing a typology. This study identifies the precise location as determined via analysis of the king, the mint, and the date and in consideration and comparison of the listing of the coins by Stephen Albums, in which the qualitative measurement of the quantity of coins and quantitative measurement of coin’s mints have been studied. Studies show that the coins are attributed to the Sasanian period, Peroz I and are classified into four groups of typological type, and in 15 different mints, including Mazda Artaxerxes, Estakhri, and Darabgerd. Using the relative frequency graph, the highest quantity of coins, according to typology, is attributed to the second type at 35.02 % and the lowest attributed to the first and third types jointly at 11.46 % of the total. The highest quantity of coins is attributed to the mint of Estakhr at 13.37 % and the lowest to the mint of Gorgan at 0.64 % of the total. Due to an absence of determinable typological features, 10.88 % of the coins could not be attributed to any type. In addition, 26.74 % of the coins could not be attributed to any specific mints.In 2002 AD, a hoard comprising of 183 coins was discovered by workers during the construction of a road near a village within the environs of Tis near Chabahar in Southeastern Iran. From this cache of 183 coins, 157 are currently preserved in the Museum of Zahedan and are used in this study. To date, no research has been conducted on any of the coins, which are arranged in albums with only a small number displaying details of their various properties. Initial research involved identifying the coins, identifying and recording their exact location, and developing a typology. This study identifies the precise location as determined via analysis of the king, the mint, and the date and in consideration and comparison of the listing of the coins by Stephen Albums, in which the qualitative measurement of the quantity of coins and quantitative measurement of coin’s mints have been studied. Studies show that the coins are attributed to the Sasanian period, Peroz I and are classified into four groups of typological type, and in 15 different mints, including Mazda Artaxerxes, Estakhri, and Darabgerd. Using the relative frequency graph, the highest quantity of coins, according to typology, is attributed to the second type at 35.02 % and the lowest attributed to the first and third types jointly at 11.46 % of the total. The highest quantity of coins is attributed to the mint of Estakhr at 13.37 % and the lowest to the mint of Gorgan at 0.64 % of the total. Due to an absence of determinable typological features, 10.88 % of the coins could not be attributed to any type. In addition, 26.74 % of the coins could not be attributed to any specific mints
Zangezur in U.S. State Department Documents (1919-1920)
Get PDFThe documents of the U.S. State Department are a remarkable source for a comprehensive study of the history of Zangezur’s struggle for survival. These documents reveal the internal situation of Zangezur, the Turkish-Azerbaijani aspirations towards the region, their danger and the policy of the Allied powers towards Armenia in 1919-1920. The historical realities of that period are more than understandable in the context of the claims about Zangezur, undisguisedly sounded from Ankara and Baku after the Turkish-Azerbaijani aggression against the Artsakh Republic in September-November 2020.The documents of the U.S. State Department are a remarkable source for a comprehensive study of the history of Zangezur’s struggle for survival. These documents reveal the internal situation of Zangezur, the Turkish-Azerbaijani aspirations towards the region, their danger and the policy of the Allied powers towards Armenia in 1919-1920. The historical realities of that period are more than understandable in the context of the claims about Zangezur, undisguisedly sounded from Ankara and Baku after the Turkish-Azerbaijani aggression against the Artsakh Republic in September-November 2020
Leończuk Albin, Maciąg Ludwik Antoni
No full textBiographies of people born or related to activities in the area of Southern Podlasie and Eastern Mazovia.Biographies of people born or related to activities in the area of Southern Podlasie and Eastern Mazovia
Germany according to Ancient Armenian Geography (or Ashkharatsuyts)
Get PDFThe information from ‹‹Ancient Armenian Geography›› (Ashkharhatsuyts) about Germany is unique. Despite the fact that, for unknown reasons, the Armenian source places Gaul in the east of this country (instead of the western side), nevertheless, this does not detract from the value of information about ancient and early medieval Germany. Without hesitation, we can state the importance of information about the orography and hydrography of this country. The source presents a general picture of the country’s tribal world, on the basis of which the German people were formed in subsequent centuries. Particular attention is given to the Goths, who played almost the most important role in early medieval Europe. Additionally, the source discusses Germany’s mining industry, particularly iron mining, which is a noteworthy aspect. This information can be considered unique, since, studying the source’s descriptions about the remaining 11 European countries, we do not find any evidence about this industry. All this and other information from the Armenian source requires scrupulous study and analysis, which we have tried to do within the framework of this article.The information from ‹‹Ancient Armenian Geography›› (Ashkharhatsuyts) about Germany is unique. Despite the fact that, for unknown reasons, the Armenian source places Gaul in the east of this country (instead of the western side), nevertheless, this does not detract from the value of information about ancient and early medieval Germany. Without hesitation, we can state the importance of information about the orography and hydrography of this country. The source presents a general picture of the country’s tribal world, on the basis of which the German people were formed in subsequent centuries. Particular attention is given to the Goths, who played almost the most important role in early medieval Europe. Additionally, the source discusses Germany’s mining industry, particularly iron mining, which is a noteworthy aspect. This information can be considered unique, since, studying the source’s descriptions about the remaining 11 European countries, we do not find any evidence about this industry. All this and other information from the Armenian source requires scrupulous study and analysis, which we have tried to do within the framework of this article
Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej „Linguistics Beyond and Within”zorganizowanej przez Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski w dniach 17–18 października 2024
Get PDF„Nowy człowiek” i jego sowiecka mutacja. Nikołaj Jeżow w powieści Herkusa Kunčiusa Żelazna rękawica Stalina
Get PDFThe primary purpose of the article is to analyze the childhood and youth of Nikolai Yezhov, the main character of the novel Stalin\u27s Iron Glove by Herkus Kunčius, in the context of the Enlightenment concept of the “new man”, which in the Soviet period was transformed into the idea of the “Soviet man”. The writer, using certain formal elements of Bildungsroman, creates his character as someone shaped by social factors: relationships in the family and school, the material and social status of the family, the socio-political situation in the Russian Empire, and intense ideological agitation among workers. Yezhov fully represents the “Soviet man” and Kunčius, using irony, elements of the grotesque, and black humor, ridicules the character, which is both dangerous and grotesque, discredits the above concept, while at the same time bringing out the universal dimension of figures such as Yezhov, i.e. ruthless functionaries of authoritarian regimes.The primary purpose of the article is to analyze the childhood and youth of Nikolai Yezhov, the main character of the novel Stalin\u27s Iron Glove by Herkus Kunčius, in the context of the Enlightenment concept of the “new man”, which in the Soviet period was transformed into the idea of the “Soviet man”. The writer, using certain formal elements of Bildungsroman, creates his character as someone shaped by social factors: relationships in the family and school, the material and social status of the family, the socio-political situation in the Russian Empire, and intense ideological agitation among workers. Yezhov fully represents the “Soviet man” and Kunčius, using irony, elements of the grotesque, and black humor, ridicules the character, which is both dangerous and grotesque, discredits the above concept, while at the same time bringing out the universal dimension of figures such as Yezhov, i.e. ruthless functionaries of authoritarian regimes
Męskość zwielokrotniona. „Sprawdzanie samego siebie” jako mężczyzny w Dzienniku 1954 Leopolda Tyrmanda
Get PDFThe article concerns Leopold Tyrmand’s Diary 1954. The starting point for the interpretation is the initial fragment of the work, in which the writer declares his desire to ‘test himself’. In the proposed reading, it is assumed that this intention concerns, at a basic level, being a man, and the efforts to achieve and demonstrate masculinity to the reader significantly animate the narrative of the diary. Tyrmand models in a postmodern way, being a man in it, mixing various male patterns, and identifying with them within three scenarios that define masculinity in his eyes (courtly, military, and Jewish). Their ‘testing’ in the work results in a peculiar effect – they do not lead to the creation of the writer\u27s self-portrait which is to be announced, ‘testimony’, but a palimpsest in which he soon does not recognize himself.The article concerns Leopold Tyrmand’s Diary 1954. The starting point for the interpretation is the initial fragment of the work, in which the writer declares his desire to ‘test himself’. In the proposed reading, it is assumed that this intention concerns, at a basic level, being a man, and the efforts to achieve and demonstrate masculinity to the reader significantly animate the narrative of the diary. Tyrmand models in a postmodern way, being a man in it, mixing various male patterns, and identifying with them within three scenarios that define masculinity in his eyes (courtly, military, and Jewish). Their ‘testing’ in the work results in a peculiar effect – they do not lead to the creation of the writer\u27s self-portrait which is to be announced, ‘testimony’, but a palimpsest in which he soon does not recognize himself