International Journal of Emerging Research in Engineering, Science, and Management
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Oral Lesions Classification using EfficientNet Transfer Learning Model
Get PDFDue to their wide variety of diseases, oral lesions present a substantial diagnostic problem. This research uses deep learning techniques, particularly the EfficientNetB7 model, to present an automated categorisation analysis of oral lesions. The study divides lesions into benign and malignant categories using the Oral Lesions: Cancer Detection Dataset, comprising 2270 high-resolution pictures. Known for its effectiveness in processing large-scale image collections, the EfficientNetB7 architecture is employed in this work. The model successfully distinguishes between benign and malignant tumors with an exceptional accuracy rate of 99.12%. The study highlights the diagnostic dependability of the model by analyzing its performance, including metrics for sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Moreover, the study investigates how interpretable the model’s predictions are, emphasizing essential aspects that support its decision-making process
Rationalization of Next-Generation GST Reforms: Enhancing Ease of Doing Business and Economic Competitiveness
Get PDFIndia’s Goods and Services Tax, introduced in 2017, was envisioned as a transformative reform to unify indirect taxation and foster competitiveness. However, compliance burdens, multiple tax slabs, and frequent rule changes continue to limit efficiency. This study examines the impact of next-generation GST reform, including compliance simplification, slab rationalization, and digital automation, on the ease of doing business and competitiveness, with a focus on enterprises in the state of Maharashtra. A mixed-methods design combined survey data from 200 GST-registered businesses with expert interviews. Findings indicate that rationalization significantly improves operational efficiency, reduces transaction costs, and strengthens competitiveness, with digital automation emerging as the strongest predictor. The study concludes that GST rationalization is not merely an administrative adjustment but a strategic imperative for India’s economic growth
Green Hydrogen in the Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainability and Compliance
Get PDFDeveloping new green energy technologies is one of the significant solutions to meet the growing energy demand worldwide. However, due to ongoing conflicts, the rapid growth of green hydrogen energy technologies encounters various technical barriers, such as the declining adoption of wind and solar energy in several Middle Eastern countries, including Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Yemen. This study elucidates the importance of green hydrogen energy globally. It highlights the shift toward sustainability based on insights from recent research conducted between 2024 and 2025 and global energy trends aimed at enhancing environmental and energy security by 2050
Exploring the Diversity of Rice Grain Variegation: A Review
Get PDFChallenges persist in developing a suitable method to distinguish high-quality cultivated rice seeds, which can be estimated based on their characteristics. To prevent rice grain varieties from being incorrectly labeled, the quality and type of rice grains must be accurately identified. In this paper, the classification of rice grains is analyzed, and a study is conducted on various algorithms used at each stage. Generally, visual observations are made by specialists using specialized devices that measure various properties. The resultant data are processed through different stages using multiple algorithms, which are discussed in detail. This study reviews machine learning techniques for differentiating rice seeds based on various algorithms. Each stage is analyzed with distinct objectives, and necessary conclusions are drawn to inform the next stage of research
Health Information Dissemination on Anti-Malarial Drug Resistance by Librarians and Its Use Among Post-Natal Mothers in Odugbo, Benue State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper was to investigate how librarians in the Federal College of Education Library, Odugbo, Benue State, have disseminated health information on anti-malarial drug resistance, and how post-natal mothers have utilised that information. The study adopted a survey research design. The study had a sample size of 192, comprising 187 post-natal mothers and five librarians. Due to the manageable population size, a total enumeration (census) method was employed. Separate questionnaires and an observation checklist were used as data collection instruments. A total of 187 copies of the questionnaire were administered to post-natal mothers, and 5 to librarians. Out of these, 184 (99.4%) and all 5 (100%) were correctly completed and returned, respectively. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The study findings indicated that the effects of librarians’ information dissemination on anti-malarial drug resistance among post-natal mothers are moderate. It further revealed that, according to the post-natal mothers, the actual use of the disseminated information had a relatively lower impact on addressing anti-malarial drug resistance. The perceptions of a subset of mothers (12 respondents) indicated that access to information helped them understand child delivery, gain general health and medical knowledge, recognise the consequences of drug misuse, and adhere strictly to malaria prescriptions and medications. Among other recommendations, the study suggests that the management of the Federal College of Education should collaborate with healthcare providers to offer timely and relevant information on the prevention and treatment of malaria
An Assessment of the Potential Benefits of Refining Crude Oil in Ghana
Get PDFRefining is vital in the oil and gas industry, converting crude oil into products like gasoline, diesel, and LPG. Since discovering oil in 2007, Ghana’s petroleum sector has experienced significant growth; however, the country still relies on imports to meet its domestic demand, importing nearly four million metric tonnes of petroleum products in 2022, with gas oil (diesel) being the most significant component. This study, therefore, explored the potential benefits of refining Ghana’s crude oil, with a focus on its economic feasibility and the implications thereof. Considering the construction of a new refinery, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted using the Jubilee field crude oil, evaluating Net Present Value (NPV), Return on Investment (ROI), and Payback Period with the aid of Aspen HYSYS and an Excel Spreadsheet. The cost-benefit analysis indicated a positive NPV, a payback period of 3.5 years and an ROI of 29%. The predicted cost savings for local refining, with 2022 as a case, were estimated to be 8.66 (GHS 96.99) per barrel was computed. A 2013 – 2033 forecast analysis projected increasing consumption volumes, rising import costs, and escalating ex-pump prices, further supporting the need for enhanced local refining capacity. The Government of Ghana should therefore prioritize refining crude oil locally as part of its industrialization strategy. This will help create jobs, generate foreign exchange savings, and enhance energy security
Influence of Agricultural Waste and Ceramic Reinforcement on the Hardness of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites
Get PDFMetal Matrix Composites offer superior mechanical properties compared to monolithic alloys, making them highly suitable for demanding engineering applications. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of an Aluminum 7075 alloy reinforced with Tungsten Carbide (WC) and Cow Dung Ash (CDA) fabricated via stir casting. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hybrid reinforcement on the composite\u27s hardness. The results indicated that the incorporation of WC and CDA significantly enhanced the hardness of the Al 7075 matrix. Specifically, the hybrid composite containing 3.5 wt.% WC and 1.5 wt.% CDA exhibited the highest hardness (35 HRB), representing a substantial improvement compared to the lower-WC compositions studied. These findings suggest that modifying Al 7075 with WC and CDA is a viable strategy for developing cost-effective high-strength composites
Assessment of LPG Safety Knowledge and Handling by Domestic Users
Get PDFLiquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is gaining high usage as a domestic fuel worldwide. The Government of Ghana is determined to increase access to 50% by 2030. However, due to its high flammability, unsafe gas usage has resulted in various casualties nationwide. This work, therefore, assessed the safety knowledge and handling of LPG across three cities in the Western Region of Ghana. A total of 1144 LPG users participated in the research. Information gathered included the origin and material used for cylinder manufacturing, cylinder integrity test, refilling, transportation, storage, leakage detection and rectification, cylinder maintenance, safety valves, and other accessories such as LPG hoses and burners. The assessment showed that most users lacked basic safety knowledge regarding safe gas handling. It was evident that 99.2% had never examined and pressure-tested their cylinders for integrity purposes, with 98.0% not knowing when their cylinders would be due for either disposal or a mandatory pressure test. Further, the majority transported and stored their gas cylinders incorrectly. Also, 30.4% have been using their hoses for ≥ 5 years, with the majority replacing them not based on the recommended usage period but rather on damage. These practices are alarming, warranting an urgent need to intensify safety education on the safe use of this greener fuel. Several practical implications of the research that can improve the safe handling and use of LPG at the household level have been discussed
Integrating COBIT and ISO Frameworks in IT Audits: A Literature Review
Get PDFThe accelerated evolution of information technology (IT) has compelled organizations to adopt structured governance frameworks to enhance audit efficacy and ensure robust information security. This study presents a systematic literature review examining the integration of COBIT and ISO/IEC 27001 within IT audit practices. Employing a qualitative descriptive methodology, the review synthesizes insights from seven primary scholarly sources, including case studies from both public and private sectors. The analysis delineates integration patterns, identifies best practices, and explores the synergistic potential of aligning COBIT’s strategic governance capabilities with the technical control rigour of ISO/IEC 27001. Findings demonstrate that such integration enhances audit capability maturity, facilitates structured risk mitigation, and fosters alignment between IT functions and organizational objectives. Nonetheless, notable research gaps persist, particularly the scarcity of quantitative assessments, limited cross-sector generalizability, and the absence of longitudinal evaluations of implementation outcomes. Additionally, practical challenges—including integration complexity, inadequate human resource competencies, and the lack of standardized implementation guidelines—impede broader adoption. The study concludes that integrating COBIT and ISO/IEC 27001 constitutes a viable foundation for advancing IT governance and audit maturity. However, further empirical investigation and development of pragmatic toolkits are essential. These insights aim to inform auditors, IT governance professionals, and policy makers in devising adaptive, standard-aligned audit strategies
Effect of Surface Hardening by Gas Nitriding on the Fatigue Resistance of Low Alloy Steel EN 1.8509 (41CrAlMo7-10)
Get PDFIn this research, the fatigue resistance of low alloy steel was improved by using surface hardening by gas nitridation at different temperatures, 475 to 610°C, and in a medium containing 70% nitrogen and 30% hydrogen. The results obtained showed a significant improvement in the fatigue resistance of the samples used after the nitridation process, where the highest fatigue resistance was obtained (580 MPa) at the temperature range 475 to 510°C. At the same time, there was a decrease in the fatigue resistance when using high temperatures in the gas nitridation process, which decreased to 400 MPa at 610 °C. In comparison, the value of the fatigue resistance before nitridation was 325 MPa. Through the results of the micro hardness and tensile test, it was found that there was an increase in the hardness tensile strength values on the surface and in general for all groups of samples treated by nitriding, It was also observed that the hardness gradually decreased smoothly as we moved away from the surface towards the depth, as the metal retains good hardness up to a depth of 300 microns. It helps to avoid the sudden and non-gradual transition from a rigid surface to a soft center. Thus, a structure of sufficient thickness is formed from the nitriding layer, coherent with the core. The results of the X-ray diffraction examination also showed the formation of nitrides of various alloying elements, Fe3N, Fe4N, Cr2N, Fe2Al5, Al2N, which have a significant role in increasing the hardness and improving the fatigue resistance