Journals at the University of Arizona
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EDITORIAL
No full textIn this issue we present 7 papers on personal experience in clinical and experimental lymphatic microsurgery. Four papers contain practical hints concerning surgical treatment of lymphedema by anastomosing lymph vessels with veins, according to the present state of knowledge. One paper of significant im- portance, is dealing with the prolonged drainage of the thoracic duct in man. Two experimental papers describe microsurgical tech niques used contemporarily in research on the lymphatic system. The authors are aware of the fact that they have presented only a part of the many types of surgical procedures used throughout the world for treat ment of lymphstasis. The number of potential contributors to this issue could have been much larger, since almost every vascular surgeon has experience in treatment of lymphedema. However, the editor of the issue invited primarily those who specialize themselves in microsurgical procedures and their experience is already large enough to be made wider known
LYMPHATIC CLEARANCE DURING COMPRESSIVE LOADING
No full textLymphatic clearance of radicactive sulfur colloid ismeasured as a function of externally applied pressureon the hind limb of mongrel dogs. A deadweight device is placed over the site of subcutaneousinjection . A solid state Si (Li) is placed into a aslot at the bottom of the device to continuously re cordactivity of the tracer. An exponential decreasein activity is modeled as a dual decay resultingfrom both tracer half life decay and lymphatic clearanceof the tagged sulfur colloid. External pressureis seen to enhance lymph clearance until a criticalclosing pressure is reached, whereupon the vesselcollapses and lymph flow is drastically reduced. Aclosing pressure of 60 mmHg is observed for severalexperiments. Lymph flow per tissue volume is see·nto rise from a mean of 0.324 ml/hr/ml for uncompressedtissue to 0.96 ml/hr/ml for fully enhancedflow in other experiments at 60 mmHg. Results ata pressure of 75 mmHg show almost no lymphclearance suggesting complete vessel closure
Book Review: Mesoamerican Plazas. Arenas of Community and Power
No full textMesoamerican Plazas. Arenas of Community and Power. Kenichiro Tsukamoto and Takeshi Inomata, editors. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 2014. 266 Pp., figures, index, bibliography. $65 (cloth)
Ethnoarchaeology Can Be Used for Ecological Conservation Because It Can Detect Shifting Baselines
No full text “Shifting baselines” describes the human difficulty with perceiving long-term change across overly short timeframes. This is due to humans having lifespans that are too short to accurately perceive long-term change, as well as the difficulty of developing continuous perceptions across successive generations. The bigger picture is obscured by focusing on short-term fluctuations. Fortunately, archaeology allows us to gain greater perspective because of its profound time depth, which is especially important because no realistic definition of “sustainability” is possible without time depth. However, trying to apply archaeology to modern “shifting baseline” problems will be of limited use until combined with high-resolution ethnographic methods. While cultural anthropologists and archaeologists have increasingly come to utilize one another’s work for their own purposes, applied fusions of the two are still unpopular. Ethnoarchaeology has great potential for connecting modern ethnographic data with archaeological data because both disciplines can interface across a common data source – physical, preservable artifacts. Additionally, ethnoarchaeology can be used to detect potentially dangerous shifting baselines in modern perceptions of ecosystems health. This paper demonstrates what shifting baselines can look like in an anthropological context through a case study of a subsistence fishing community in northeastern Brazil. Future research directions for fusing ethnoarchaeology and archaeology are suggested for expanding today’s baselines of ecological health
Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Report
No full textAnorexia nervosa is an eating disorder with an unclear pathogenesis and a difficult treatment course. In this case report, we present the case of a 16-year-old female patient with anorexia nervosa and bradycardia with a challenging hospital course. We then discuss the epidemiology for anorexia nervosa, the symptoms and comorbid medical complications often seen, and finally what ongoing research has been done on this disorder. The goal of this study is to highlight the importance in gaining better understanding of anorexia nervosa to promote development of better ways to treat this patient population
The Subliminal Influence of Street Signs in Schoolscapes: Elective vs. Circumstantial Reverse Indexicality in a Tale of Two Tucsons
No full textOverviewThere is a risk of diluting our logic by looking at things absolutely (Peirce, in Hoopes, 1991, p. 187). Signs gain their meaning, not in any absolute sense, but rather in relation to their context in any given time, and in relation to their meaning to any given interpreter. According to Eco (1979) “A sign is everything which can be taken as significantly substituting for something else” (p. 7). A sign not only stands for something, but it stands to someone and that important relationship with the signs in our landscape is what I discuss below. I begin in section one by describing two parts of Tucson, a city of around one million inhabitants in the Southwest of the United States, that are different in many ways, but curiously differ in their linguistic landscapes. In section two I define linguistic landscapes and situate an analysis of street signs within linguistic landscape research. Section three is a diachronic and synchronic analysis of street signs in Tucson, including the myths (Barthes, 1972) that have accompanied the acceptance of street sign language at different points in the city’s history and how these myths have served to promulgate what Jane Hill (1993) refers to as a larger social project of the white elite in maintaining a dominant economic and political position of power in society. In section four I focus on how street signs interact with all those who view them on both the syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes. A deeper explanation of how these linguistic messages enter our cognition and influence our ideologies continues in section five with a description of the various conceptual metonyms and metaphors born out of street sign language and organization. All of these sections treating the unconscious understanding and influence of street signs feed into section six and a discussion on the seemingly conscious and intentional authorship in linguistic landscapes (Malinowski, 2008) and how the expected commitment of top-down governmental signs, such as street signs, to the linguistic code of the dominant culture (Gorter, 2006), is violated in both parts of Tucson through reverse indexicality. I make a distinction in this section between what I call elective vs. circumstantial reverse idexicality in order to attempt to explain the differing power dynamics at play in the two Tucsons and link these dynamics to educational policy. In the final section, all of these contributions get funneled into a cone of connections, which together illuminate how ideologies are influenced regarding classroom language of instruction policies that both promote and prohibit Spanish language use in schools. This study proposes to extend the idea of schoolscapes from the elements, text, and space, within a school-based environment (Brown, 2012; Szabó, 2015), to the immediate streets and neighborhoods surrounding schools, to demonstrate the subliminal influence of street signs on (re)constructing the language ideologies of individuals who live in these neighborhoods and who support the language policies of their children’s schools. In taking this stance, my desire is not to claim that there exists a linear connection between street sign language and classroom language of instruction policy, with exception to the case of National City discussed below; rather it is my goal to light a match of awareness of the great potential for meaning making that street signs possess and leave in the reader a profound awakening that impacts how she or he sees, interprets, and thus understands street signs for quite some time. As I attempt to overtly uncover covert collocations of hidden agendas and implicit messages in the linguistic landscape of educational environments, I recognize that as an academic living in the American Southwest, I am both a product of these messages, influenced perhaps in ways that remain unconscious to me, and a producer of messages through my own interpretive research of their potential meaning
LYMPHATIC MOTILITY
No full textThe lymphatic system poses two main physiologicalquestions. First of all, how is lymphformed? We have heard from Dr. Guytonthat though there are many theories, the exactmechanism of lymph production is notwell understood. The second main questionis how lymph once formed, is transportedback to the circulation? Though this is a relativelymore easy question, it has given rise tomuch controversy